32 research outputs found

    Tuning of Electrical and Optical Properties of Highly Conducting and Transparent Ta-Doped TiO2 Polycrystalline Films

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    We present a detailed study on polycrystalline transparent conducting Ta-doped TiO2 films, obtained by room temperature pulsed laser deposition followed by an annealing treatment at 550°C in vacuum. The effect of Ta as a dopant element and of different synthesis conditions are explored in order to assess the relationship between material structure and functional properties, i.e. electrical conductivity and optical transparency. We show that for the doped samples it is possible to achieve low resistivity (of the order of 5×10-4 Ωcm) coupled with transmittance values exceeding 80% in the visible range, showing the potential of polycrystalline Ta:TiO2 for application as a transparent electrode in novel photovoltaic devices. The presence of trends in the structural (crystalline domain size, anatase cell parameters), electrical (resistivity, charge carrier density and mobility) and optical (transmittance, optical band gap, effective mass) properties as a function of the oxygen background pressures and laser fluence used during the deposition process and of the annealing atmosphere is discussed, and points towards a complex defect chemistry ruling the material behavior. The large mobility values obtained in this work for Ta:TiO2 polycrystalline films (up to 13 cm2V-1s-1) could represent a definitive advantage with respect to the more studied Nb-doped TiO2

    Melanocortin-1 Receptor, Skin Cancer and Phenotypic Characteristics (M-SKIP) Project: Study Design and Methods for Pooling Results of Genetic Epidemiological Studies

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    Background: For complex diseases like cancer, pooled-analysis of individual data represents a powerful tool to investigate the joint contribution of genetic, phenotypic and environmental factors to the development of a disease. Pooled-analysis of epidemiological studies has many advantages over meta-analysis, and preliminary results may be obtained faster and with lower costs than with prospective consortia. Design and methods: Based on our experience with the study design of the Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene, SKin cancer and Phenotypic characteristics (M-SKIP) project, we describe the most important steps in planning and conducting a pooled-analysis of genetic epidemiological studies. We then present the statistical analysis plan that we are going to apply, giving particular attention to methods of analysis recently proposed to account for between-study heterogeneity and to explore the joint contribution of genetic, phenotypic and environmental factors in the development of a disease. Within the M-SKIP project, data on 10,959 skin cancer cases and 14,785 controls from 31 international investigators were checked for quality and recoded for standardization. We first proposed to fit the aggregated data with random-effects logistic regression models. However, for the M-SKIP project, a two-stage analysis will be preferred to overcome the problem regarding the availability of different study covariates. The joint contribution of MC1R variants and phenotypic characteristics to skin cancer development will be studied via logic regression modeling. Discussion: Methodological guidelines to correctly design and conduct pooled-analyses are needed to facilitate application of such methods, thus providing a better summary of the actual findings on specific fields

    Technology of closing backfilling wells in salt mines

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    Dla osiągnięcia różnych celów w górnictwie podziemnym wykonuje się otwory podsadzkowe. Po ich wykorzystaniu powinny być jak najszybciej zlikwidowane, gdyż ich stan techniczny zazwyczaj ulega pogorszeniu. Szczególnie jest to istotne w kopalniach soli, w których mogą być potencjalnymi drogami dopływu wody. Na przykładzie otworu podsadzkowego TP-24 wywierconego do komory Sanguszko w Kopalni Soli "Wieliczka" S.A. przedstawiono technologie likwidacji w strefie złożowej i nad nią. Opisano doszczelnienie górotworu wokół otworu, które zrealizowano metodą iniekcji otworowej z zastosowaniem pakerów i właściwie dobranych zaczynów uszczelniających.Backfilling wells are performed for a variety of situations. After being used, these wells should be closed as soon as possible, because their technical state usually deteriorates. This is especially important for salt mines, where they can be potential pathways for water. The closing technologies used for the reservoir and beyond it were discussed on the example of a backfilling well TP-24, drilled to the chamber Sanguszko in the Salt Mine "Wieliczka" S.A. Techniques of scaling up the near-wellbore area with the borehole injection method, and employing packers and properly selected sealing slurries are described in the paper

    Hydrogen Detection With a Gas Sensor Array – Processing and Recognition of Dynamic Responses Using Neural Networks

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    An array consisting of four commercial gas sensors with target specifications for hydrocarbons, ammonia, alcohol, explosive gases has been constructed and tested. The sensors in the array operate in the dynamic mode upon the temperature modulation from 350°C to 500°C. Changes in the sensor operating temperature lead to distinct resistance responses affected by the gas type, its concentration and the humidity level. The measurements are performed upon various hydrogen (17-3000 ppm), methane (167-3000 ppm) and propane (167-3000 ppm) concentrations at relative humidity levels of 0-75%RH. The measured dynamic response signals are further processed with the Discrete Fourier Transform. Absolute values of the dc component and the first five harmonics of each sensor are analysed by a feed-forward back-propagation neural network. The ultimate aim of this research is to achieve a reliable hydrogen detection despite an interference of the humidity and residual gases

    Przyczyny i skutki dopływu wody na przykładzie poprzeczni Mina w Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka”

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    The causes of disastrous water flux in the historical Salt Mine “Wieliczka“ have been presented on the example of transverse heading Mina at the IV level at a depth of 175 m bsl. The complex geological setting of direct environment of the transverse heading Mina has been described paying attention to unfavorable hydrogeological conditions in the northern part of the salt deposit. The main activities oriented to limiting the water hazard in the Salt Mine “Wieliczka“ and the reconstruction of inner safety pillar, which had been seriously damaged by mining activities, have been analyzed. A selection of objects inside the mine, saved from flooding thanks to protection works has been visualized in photos.Na przykładzie zabytkowej Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka” przedstawiono co doprowadziło do katastrofalnego dopływu wody do poprzeczni Mina położonej na IV poziomie na głębokości 175 m ppt. Opisano złożoną budowę geologiczną bezpośredniego otoczenia poprzeczni Mina zwracając uwagę na wyjątkowo niekorzystne warunki hydrogeologiczne panujące od północnej strony złoża soli. Podano główne kierunki działań dla ograniczenia zagrożenia wodnego Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka” mające na celu odbudowę wewnętrznego filara bezpieczeństwa, który został poważnie uszkodzony wcześniejszymi robotami górniczymi. Pokazano wybrane obiekty znajdujące się wewnątrz kopalni, które dzięki pracom zabezpieczającym udało się uratować od zatopienia

    Nowoczesne technologie odbudowy filara bezpieczeństwa w kopalniach

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    Safety pillars are made around mines as a protection measure. This is especially important in salt mines where the surrounding waters are most hazardous. Without maintaining safe conditions the mine may be water-flooded as it was the case in one of the Polish mine “Wapno“. An original technology linking pipeline injection and hole injection methods has been used for the reconstruction of a safety pillar in the Salt Mine “Wieliczka“. This solution turned out to be successful when on 13 April 1992 the mine was saved from flooding after a disastrous water flux to the transverse working Mina. The presented technology can be efficiently used in various mines at the stage of designing, though their exploitation to the closing stage.Dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa wokół każdej kopalni należy utworzyć filar ochronny. Szczególnie jest to istotne w kopalniach soli, dla których otaczająca je woda jest największym zagrożeniem. Nie zachowanie odpowiednich warunków może się skończyć nawet zatopieniem kopalni, co miało miejsce nawet w Polsce - Kopalnia „Wapno”. W pracy opisano oryginalną technologię iniekcji rurociągowej połączoną z iniekcją otworową zastosowaną do odbudowy filara ochronnego w Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka”, która pozwoliła ją uratować przed zatopieniem po katastrofalnym dopływie wody, który wystąpił 13 kwietnia 1992 roku w poprzeczni Mina. Przedstawiona technologia może być z powodzeniem zastosowana w różnych kopalniach i to na etapie od ich budowy, poprzez czas eksploatacji aż na etapie likwidacji kończąc

    Limitation of surface and quaternary waters around a backfilling well TP-17 in the Salt Mine "Wieliczka"

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    Kopalnia Soli "Wieliczka" po ponadsiedmiowiekowym istnieniu charakteryzuje się różnorodnymi zagrożeniami. Jednym z najpoważniejszych jest zagrożenie wodne. Od wielu lat prowadzi się prace zabezpieczające mające na celu jego zminimalizowanie. Na przykładzie otworu podsadzkowego TP-17 przedstawiono: jego położenie, zadania i przyczyny migracji wody do kopalni, technologie likwidacji otworu TP-17 i uszczelnienia wokół niego górotworu, uzyskane wyniki prac geoinżynieryjnych.The Salt Mine "Wieliczka" has been subjected to a number of hazard during its 7 centuries history. The most important hazard comes from water. Prevention and protection works have been undertaken to minimize the risk. On the example of a backfilling well TP-17 there were presented: its location, tasks and causes of water migration to the mine, technologies of closing the well TP-17 and sealing up the neighboring rock mass, results of geoengineering works
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