The curator-as-accomplice : a self-reflexive and exhibition history study of contemporary art curation in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Fine Arts, Massey University Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa, Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

This thesis contributes a new description of curating termed the curator-as-accomplice which is derived from and tested against examples of contemporary art curatorial practice situated in Aotearoa New Zealand. The ‘curator-as-accomplice’ is defined as a mode of creative and co- operative practice that resists the tendency to centralise curating by working complicitly alongside others to support their unrealised potential. The notion of ‘accomplice’, in association with curating, has received scholarship by Valentina Desideri and Stefano Harney but has not previously been developed into a conceptual framework applied to practice. By addressing this gap, this research provides an original contribution to knowledge via a self-reflexive approach analysing four exhibitions together with related exhibition history research surveying exhibitions within Aotearoa (1970–2020). Given the specific focus on practice situated within Aotearoa, this research has additional significance with regard to how to how the curator-as-accomplice performs both within a post-imperial, colonial context and in relation to Pākehā (New Zealand European) bias

Modelling in the planning process: A critique

Experience with respect to quantitative and formal modelling techniques in planning and the acceptance of these in the planning process tend to parallel ex­periences of business in general; both with respect to a commitment to the modelling process and a disillusionment as regards results. This article seeks to examine the use and value of formal models in the process of planning and to draw comparisons from experience in the general field of busi­ness planning, or strategic management

The Establishment of a Preliminary Weight Profile for the 257 Table Birds within the Sheepdrove Organic Farm Organic Silvo-Poultry System.

A preliminary weight profile was produce for the organic silvo-poultry system on Sheepdrove organic farm. Seven batches (each of 20 hens and 20 cocks) were weighed over a two month period (January/February 2003). No current organic silvo-poultry weight profile was available but the weights achieved were found to exceed those of the nearest suggested profile (ISA 657) but were beneath the weights required for Sheepdroves markets. There was great and inconsistent variation between the batches and between sheds. This suggested that environment and management of particular houses could be having a large impact on final chicken weights

Spiny lobster development: mechanisms inducing metamorphosis to the puerulus: a review

This review outlines current knowledge of mechanisms effecting metamorphosis in decapod crustaceans and insects. The comparative approach demonstrates some of the complexities that need resolving to find an answer to the question raised frequently by ecologists: “What triggers metamorphosis in spiny lobsters?” It is evident that crustacean moulting and metamorphosis are genetically controlled through endocrine systems that mediate gene expression. The molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied intensively in insects, particularly in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera), and some lepidopteran species. Comparatively, there is minimal information available for a few decapod crustacean species, but none for spiny lobsters (Palinuridae). Nothing was known of hormone signalling transduction pathways, via nuclear receptors (NRs) and gene activation during larval moults in palinurids—until a recent, ground-breaking study of early phyllosomal development of Panulirus ornatus by Wilson et al. (Rock Lobster Enhancement and Aquaculture Subprogram. FRDC Project 2000/263, Australian Govt, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Nov 2005). Their study not only identified homologues of five hormone NRs of D. melanogaster, but also patterns of gene regulation showing strong similarities to those of gene expression found in insect larval development. Their results indicated that control of moulting and metamorphosis in palinurids closely parallels that in insects, suggesting that insects can serve as model systems for elucidating molecular mechanisms in larval decapods. In insects and crustaceans, the steroid hormone, ecdysone, (20E) initiates moulting. In insects, juvenile hormone (JH) mediates the type of larval moult that occurs, either anamorphic or metamorphic. The latter results when the level of JH in the haemolymph drops in the final larval instar. High levels of JH inhibit the metamorphic moult during insect larval development. The interaction of 20E and JH is not fully understood, and the operative molecular mechanisms are still being elucidated. No nuclear receptor for JH has been identified, and alternative JH signalling pathways await identification. In decapod crustaceans, methyl farnesoate (MF), a precursor of JH, replaces the latter in other functions mediated by JH in insects; but there is little evidence indicating that MF plays a similar ‘antimetamorphic’ role in decapod larval moults

Does support for democracy matter? : a cross-national study of regime preferences and system change

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55).Using survey data from the third World Values Survey and democracy scores from Freedom House, I outline and test a supply and demand model of democratic change and stability. While "support for democracy" is a common concept in political science, the only empirical studies of the relationship between these regime preferences and democracy (Inglehart, 2003; Inglehart & Welzel, 2003; Welzel, Inglehart and Klingemann 2003) do not control for reciprocal causation and use poorly conceptualised and measured variables. They claim that deeply-rooted cultural orientations called "self-expression values" are a better measure of implicit support for democracy than overt expressions of regime preference. However, I find that once I control for the possibility that democracy is exogenous, there is little difference between the explanatory power of cultural values versus overtly expressed preferences. Furthermore, I argue that popular regime preferences (or demand) affect the change in the level of democracy, but do so only in relation to its current supply. "Net demand" is the driver of system change rather than absolute levels of popular support for democracy

The Emotional Logic of Participation in Intergroup Violence

Existing theories of intergroup violence focus on the motives of group or leaders. But why do thousands of people choose to take part given the dangers and risks? This dissertation develops a model, the entitlement-blame-anger model, to explain participation in intergroup violence. According to this model, participation is motivated by emotional reactions of intergroup anger. Anger is useful in this respect because it shapes both the preference for confrontation and beliefs about the risks of taking part. Intergroup anger, in turn, is triggered by appraisals that the outgroup are to blame for some harm suffered by the ingroup. Blame and anger are then rooted in evaluations of group endowments and group entitlements. These are widely-shared beliefs concerning who gets what and who deserves what in a given society. Thus, when group endowments and group entitlements are incongruent, either because the outgroup are enjoying resources to which they are not entitled, or the ingroup getting less than their share, the outgroup is blamed, anger is experienced and large numbers of ingroup members may become willing to take part in violence directed at that group. The theoretical model is tested using an original survey dataset collected from a representative sample of 497 residents of of Alexandra, in Johannesburg, South Africa, where a national wave of attacks against immigrants began in 2008, and where intergroup tensions remain. Analysis of the survey data shows that each of the links in the model - from group entitlement violations to blame, blame to anger, and anger to participation intentions - is supported, even controlling for possible confounds such as previous participation in violence, the influence of peers and leaders, and exposure to material competition with the outgroup. A few other factors also emerge as important determinants of participation in intergroup violence. Support for violence increases both the desire to participate and the intensity of intergroup anger. Here is also some evidence of an instrumental pathway to participation: street traders, who compete with foreign traders for customers, show an increased likelihood of taking part in future violence, but only when they are also exposed to the social pressures produced by attendance at community policing meetings. Hearing friends and acquaintances blame the outgroup increases an individual\u27s own level of outgroup blame. Hearing leaders blame the outgroup, in contrast, increases the level of intergroup anger. Finally, authoritarian values also result in greater blame of the outgroup, but only when coupled with perceived violations of group entitlements

Spiny lobster development: do the final-stage phyllosoma larvae of Jasus edwardsii swim towards the coast?

Several papers from New Zealand have all suggested that late-stages, or at least the final stage phyllosomas of Jasus edwardsii can swim horizontally from offshore to inshore towards the coast. This was largely based on the observation that the late-stage phyllosomas were distributed inshore of the mid-stage phyllosomas off the east coast of New Zealand. A review of these data, plus additional information on the diurnal vertical migration behaviour of the phyllosoma larvae of J. edwardsii not available at the time of publication of the earlier papers,suggests an alternative explanation. These new data clearly show different diurnal vertical migration behaviour of the mid and the late-stage phyllosoma. It is suggested that even small differences in the vertical movements of the phyllosoma larvae can result in dramatic changes in their horizontal distribution because these movements take them into different current layers and this, not horizontal swimming, is probably responsible for the different locations of the mid and late-stage phyllosomas of J. edwardsii off the east coast of New Zealand

Sustainability of the Western Rock Lobster Fishery: A review of past progress and future challenges

The Western Rock (spiny) Lobster Fishery has 594 boats operating about 57,000 pots. The average annual catch of 11,000 tonnes is valued at around US$150 million. In addition to the commercial catch, recreational fishers take about 600 tonnes a year. Sustainability in this fishery is maintained by analysis of a comprehensive fisheries database, some of which dates back to the 1960s (e.g. catch, effort, length-frequencies, fishery-independent breeding-stock surveys, puerulus settlement monitoring, recreational catch monitoring); an extensive set of management controls (including a limited fishing season and legal minimum and maximum sizes); and an effective compliance program. Effort in the fishery is controlled by input restrictions on the number of pots allowed and number of days fishing, which are implemented after considerable consultation with industry. The principal method of ensuring the sustainability of the fishery is by monitoring the size of the breeding stock, using data from both a commercial at-sea monitoring program and an annual fishery-independent breeding-stock survey. When the breeding stock fell to low levels in the early 1990s, management initiatives succeeded in returning it to what are considered to be safe levels. Catches are currently high, but fishers have acquired sufficient scientific knowledge to understand that catches will fluctuate for environmental reasons and to take this into account in their fishing operations. Environmental effects have been shown to drive the level of settlement in a particular season. These settlement levels are in turn highly correlated with catches three to four years later, which provides a means of predicting future catches and managing the fishery accordingly. There are issues to be considered in assessing the sustainability of this fishery in the future. The fishery may be overly reliant on egg production from the Abrolhos Islands; catching power of the commercial fleet is increasing due to improvements in gear and technological equipment; growth in catches made by the recreational sector are currently unconstrained; pueruli may be harvested for aquaculture in the near future; and regulations protecting the female brood stock more than the male population could lead to reproductive issues. These potential threats are considered to be low, but will need to be monitored. The fishery was awarded Marine Stewardship Council certification in March 2000, the first in the world to receive this imprimatur