Positive Solutions of Nonlinear Elliptic Eigenvalue Problems

We shall study a class of mildly nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems which are suggested by several recently occurring problems concerning the steady state temperature distribution of a physical medium in which heat is being generated nonlinearly

Pachydermoperiostosis-Like Disease In Captive Red Ruffled Lemurs (Varecia Variegatus Rubra)

Pachydermatoperiostosis, a rare form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, is of unknown etiology and previously thought limited to humans. The only periosteal reaction previously reported in prosimians is related to renal disease. Notation of hypertrophic osteoarthritis in three prosimians led to recognition that this was the first non-human documentation of the disease. Three related red ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegatus rubra) had diaphyseal periosteal reaction classic for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Workup was negative for known underlying causes and for the secondary hyperparathyroidism which produces bone alterations in black Eulemur macao, black and white Varecia variegatatus varigatus and ringtail Lemur catta lemurs. Recognition of facial coarsening allows identification of the primary form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, categorized in humans as primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. This is the first recognition of the phenomenon in the order primates, exclusive of humans, and represents a new model for this rare disease

Global tropospheric chemistry: Chemical fluexes in the global atmosphere

In October 1987, NSF, NASA, and NOAA jointly sponsored a workshop at Columbia University to assess the experimental tools and analysis procedures in use and under development to measure and understand gas and particle fluxes across this critical air-surface boundary. Results are presented for that workshop. It is published to summarize the present understanding of the various measurement techniques that are available, identify promising new technological developments for improved measurements, and stimulate thinking about this important measurement challenge

Participative Approaches to Enhance Adoption of Fasciolosis Control Strategies in Cattle, in Yogya-Karta Province, Indonesia

Fasciolosis is a widespread, significant, endemic problem in cattle in rice-growing areas of Indonesia. Its effects are usually sub-clinical so it remains largely unrecognised by farmers and extensionists. Indonesian and Australian parasitologists have developed a suite of control strategies. Initial attempts to promote these strategies through Transfer of Technology (TOT) approaches achieved increased awareness, but little lasting change in farmer practices was evident 4 years later. This paper reports on the process, and early promising results from, an initiative to trial a Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology to stimulate an extension process whose outcome is effective, sustainable fasciolosis control in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. In PAR, groups of farmers, extension agents and scientists work closely in a cooperative and flexible process, to resolve commonly identified problematic issues. The emphasis is on working with rather than for people through an interactive process to enhance opportunities for learning by doing. The process involved working through a four-step process to gain credible access to four farmer groups in three villages identified as having a fasciolosis problem. This was followed by a 9-month long series of activities, coordinated through farmer group meetings, which included (1) creating awareness through developing a media package, and then maintaining farmer involvement through (2) design and execution of field trials, (3) monitoring results, and (4) presentation and discussion of results with farmers. Group meetings were an important part of the information exchange process, and the use of learning aid tools was regarded as complementary for interpersonal communication. Of the four recommended control strategies, two were already practised for reasons other than fasciolosis control, one was acceptable but had prohibitive cost, and the fourth was unattractive because it was technically difficult to implement. A significant development was a new strategy generated within a farmer group that was adopted readily by other groups. We conclude that adoption of technical innovations by farmers depends largely on two issues: (i) the nature of the associated farming systems, and (ii) the way in which the innovation is presented through extension agency activity. A participative approach appears to have considerable potential for stimulating significant practice change, particularly if it incorporates farmer involvement in generation and dissemination of locally relevant knowledge and recommendations. PAR fosters such a reflexive approach.Fasciolosis control, participatory action research, adoption process, Livestock Production/Industries,

Translating the Commune: Cultural Politics and the Historical Specificity of the Anarchist Text

Translating the Commune: Cultural Politics and the Historical Specificity of the Anarachist Text — This essay deals with three interrelated matters: the first is the role of discourse analysis and the conscious theorization of discourse typologies in translation methodologies; the second is the absence of any complete English translation of Jules Vallès's autobiographical/historical trilogy, Jacques Vingtras, comprised of L'Enfant (1879), Le Bachelier (1881), and L'insurgé (1885); and the third is the analysis of specific discursive characteristics which establish the formal and functional identity of the Discourse of the Commune. Though widely published in popular and scholarly editions in France, Vallès's novels have not been included in the lycée corpus through an act of conscious cultural exclusion. This has contributed to the exclusion of Vallès abroad and to the absence of translations of the trilogy. In order to remedy this situation the translator must be aware of the specific socio-political context surrounding these novels as well as the particular formal characteristics which make up the discourse from which these texts emerge. Radical decentralisation, narrative fragmentation, multiple enunciative positions, neologisms, a structure based on an unresolved binary dialectic, interdiscursive mixing and semantic ambiguity are common characteristics of the discourse of the Commune as they are transposed metaphorically from the anarchistic theoretical discourse of P.-J. Proudhon to the Vallès texts: these specific factors coupled with a cultural politics of exclusion have long marginalized the trilogy in various curricula and, in addition, led to its exclusion from non-francophone cultures both in the original French and in translation.Traduire la Commune: la politique culturelle et la spécificité historique du texte anarchiste. — Cet article prend pour sujet trois problématiques apparentées: d'abord, le rôle de l'analyse du discours et de la conceptualisation théorique dans la traduction; ensuite, l'absence de traductions de langue anglaise de la trilogie autobiographique/historique de Jules Vallès, Jacques Vingtras (l'Enfant (1879), le Bachelier (1881), et l'Insurgé (1885)); enfin, l'analyse des caractéristiques formelles et fonctionnelles qui fondent l'identité spécifique du discours de la Commune. En dépit de multiples éditions populaires et savantes au cours des années, la trilogie reste toujours exclue du corpus lycéen par un acte d'exclusion culturelle conscient. À l'étranger, le résultat en est l'absence de traductions et d'éditions commentées. Afin de remédier à cette situation le traducteur doit être conscient des circonstances socio-politiques qui entourent la trilogie ainsi que les caractéristiques formelles qui constituent le discours d'où émergent ces romans. La décentralisation radicale, la fragmentation narrative, les multiples positions énonciatives, les néologismes, la structure antinomique 'non-résolue', le mélange interdiscursif et l'ambiguïté sémantique sont quelques-unes des caractéristiques formelles du discours de la Commune tel qu'il s'exprime par transformation métaphorique, depuis le discours théorique anarchiste de P.-J. Proudhon jusqu'aux textes de Vallès et d'autres écrivains de la Commune ce discours se constitue par transformation. Ces éléments spécifiques ainsi qu'une politique d'exclusion culturelle contribuent depuis longtemps de diverses manières à la marginalisation de la trilogie dans la francophonie et à son absence en traduction dans les pays non-francophones