The ambivalent shadow of the pre-Wilsonian rise of international law

The generation of American international lawyers who founded the American Society of International Law in 1906 and nurtured the soil for what has been retrospectively called a “moralistic legalistic approach to international relations” remains little studied. A survey of the rise of international legal literature in the U.S. from the mid-19th century to the eve of the Great War serves as a backdrop to the examination of the boosting effect on international law of the Spanish American War in 1898. An examination of the Insular Cases before the US Supreme Court is then accompanied by the analysis of a number of influential factors behind the pre-war rise of international law in the U.S. The work concludes with an examination of the rise of natural law doctrines in international law during the interwar period and the critiques addressed.by the realist founders of the field of “international relations” to the “moralistic legalistic approach to international relation

Cosmology with Hypervelocity Stars

In the standard cosmological model, the merger remnant of the Milky Way and Andromeda (Milkomeda) will be the only galaxy remaining within our event horizon once the Universe has aged by another factor of ten, ~10^{11} years after the Big Bang. After that time, the only extragalactic sources of light in the observable cosmic volume will be hypervelocity stars being ejected continuously from Milkomeda. Spectroscopic detection of the velocity-distance relation or the evolution in the Doppler shifts of these stars will allow a precise measurement of the vacuum mass density as well as the local matter distribution. Already in the near future, the next generation of large telescopes will allow photometric detection of individual stars out to the edge of the Local Group, and may target the ~10^{5+-1} hypervelocity stars that originated in it as cosmological tracers.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP, 2011

Spherical Hartree-Fock calculations with linear momentum projection before the variation.Part I: Energies, form factors, charge densities and mathematical sum rules

Spherical Hartree--Fock calculations with projection onto zero total linear momentum before the variation are performed for the nuclei 4He, 12C, 16O, 28Si, 32S and 40Ca using a density--independent effective nucleon--nucleon interaction. The results are compared to those of usual spherical Hartree--Fock calculations subtracting the kinetic energy of the center of mass motion either before or after the variation and to the results obtained analytically with oscillator occupations. Total energies, hole--energies, elastic charge form factors and charge densities and the mathematical Coulomb sum rules are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 13 postscript figure

A dynamical gluon mass solution in a coupled system of the Schwinger-Dyson equations

We study numerically the Schwinger-Dyson equations for the coupled system of gluon and ghost propagators in the Landau gauge and in the case of pure gauge QCD. We show that a dynamical mass for the gluon propagator arises as a solution while the ghost propagator develops an enhanced behavior in the infrared regime of QCD. Simple analytical expressions are proposed for the propagators, and the mass dependency on the $\Lambda_{QCD}$ scale and its perturbative scaling are studied. We discuss the implications of our results for the infrared behavior of the coupling constant, which, according to fits for the propagators infrared behavior, seems to indicate that $\alpha_s (q^2) \to 0$ as $q^2 \to 0$.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures - Revised version to be consistent with erratum to appear in JHE