Controversies on cosmetic outcomes in black women after breast conservation therapy: hyperperception or hyperpigmentation?

Multiple studies have reported inferior cosmetic outcomes after breast conservation surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy in black women. However, cosmetic analysis scales contemporarily utilized in the field of radiation oncology rely largely on subjective visual and tactile perception. These methods are undeniably fraught with intraobserver and interobserver variability. Herein, we uncover how and why these methods may unwittingly and disparately misjudge cosmetic outcomes in black women, and the clinical ramifications thereof. In addition, we highlight more objective cosmetic outcomes assessment programs that promise to yield more reproducible and unbiased results

Simpson's Paradox is suppression, but Lord's Paradox is neither:clarification of and correction to Tu, Gunnell, and Gilthorpe (2008)

Tu et al. (Emerg Themes Epidemiol 5:2, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-5-2) asserted that suppression, Simpson's Paradox, and Lord's Paradox are all the same phenomenon-the reversal paradox. In the reversal paradox, the association between an outcome variable and an explanatory (predictor) variable is reversed when another explanatory variable is added to the analysis. More specifically, Tu et al. (2008) purported to demonstrate that these three paradoxes are different manifestations of the same phenomenon, differently named depending on the scaling of the outcome variable, the explanatory variable, and the third variable. According to Tu et al. (2008), when all three variables are continuous, the phenomenon is called suppression; when all three variables are categorical, the phenomenon is called Simpson's Paradox; and when the outcome variable and the third variable are continuous but the explanatory variable is categorical, the phenomenon is called Lord's Paradox. We show that (a) the strong form of Simpson's Paradox is equivalent to negative suppression for a 2 × 2 × 2 contingency table, (b) the weak form of Simpson's Paradox is equivalent to classical suppression for a 2 × 2 × 2 contingency table, and (c) Lord's Paradox is not the same phenomenon as suppression or Simpson's Paradox

Sfp1 and Rtg3 reciprocally modulate carbon source-conditional stress adaptation in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans

Acknowledgements We thank Aaron Mitchell, Dominique Sanglard and Suzanne Noble for their generosity in providing mutant collections, and Linghuo Jiang for generously providing strains. We also thank Susan Budge for her support and excellent technical assistance. We also thank the qPCR Facility in the Institute of Medical Sciences, and particularly Fiona Saunders for her great advice and help. SLK was supported by a PhD scholarship from the University of Aberdeen. AJPB was supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (BB/F00513X/1; BB/K017365/1), by the European Research Council (STRIFE Advanced Grant; ERC-2009-AdG-249793), and by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/M026663/1). AJPB and CAM were also supported by the Wellcome Trust (088858; 097377), and by the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology and the University of Aberdeen (MR/N006364/1).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Scratch and Win! - Immediate Feedback in Physics Multiple-Choice Quizzes and Exams

Multiple-choice (MC) exams allow a large range of topics to be efficiently tested. However, the effort required to construct a good MC exam—one that tests comprehension and ability to apply knowledge, rather than rote memorization—leads to a reluctance to release solutions, thus limiting the value of the exam to students. Furthermore, students often do not spend the time necessary to review the MC portion of graded exams and may not be aware of their weaknesses with a particular topic in the syllabus. We employed a recent innovation that provides feedback from MC questions, the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IFAT), in a standard first-year Physics course. In this scheme, students respond to MC questions by scratching off a thin, opaque covering from the rectangle corresponding to their answer on a special answer card similar to a “scratch and win” lottery ticket. If their answer is correct, they uncover a star and receive full credit. In the event of a wrong answer they may reconsider their response, and scratch again to earn partial credit. Students thereby receive immediate feedback on their answers, turning the examination itself into a learning experience. It is relatively simple to implement this form of assessment at your institution. The IFAT cards are available for purchase from Epstein Educational Enterprises. However, there are some obstacles. Since machine grading of the IFAT cards is not available, we relied on additional graduate student support for this purpose. We will also discuss the new forms of cheating attempted by students as well as difficulties we encountered constructing our tests with the IFAT system. Based on standardized tests and comparison with a control group, we found that students improved their performance using the IFAT system, with the largest gains seen for conceptually difficult questions. Furthermore, based on an exit survey, students in the study strongly preferred this method of MC testing

BODY COMPOSITION AND HIP FLEXIBILITY OF SYNCHRONIZED SWIMMERS

Public interest in synchronized swimming has increased as a result of the 1984 Summer Olympics, however, there has been very little research completed to date on this sport. The information presented in this paper is the result of the first year of a five year longitudinal study to determine body composition and hip flexibility characteristics of intermediate and elite synchronized swimmers

Results of a SELA Planning Survey

This study arose from the need for member input into the development of the Southeastern Library Association’s (SELA) Strategic Plan. Additionally, the Planning and Development Committee felt it was important to obtain a better understanding of what services and activities the librarians in the southeast would like to see provided by the regional association. The Committee also recognized that it was important not only to ask for possible areas of improvement, but to also ask for ideas on how to achieve those improvements

Exploring the role of pain as an early predictor of category 2 pressure ulcers: a prospective cohort study

Objective To explore pressure area related pain as a predictor of category ≥2 pressure ulcer (PU) development. Design Multicentre prospective cohort study. Setting UK hospital and community settings. Participants inclusion Consenting acutely ill patients aged ≥18 years, defined as high risk (Braden bedfast/chairfast AND completely immobile/very limited mobility; pressure area related pain or; category 1 PU). Exclusion Patients too unwell, unable to report pain, 2 or more category ≥2 PUs. Follow-up Twice weekly for 30 days. Primary and secondary outcome measures Development and time to development of one or more category ≥2 PUs. Results Of 3819 screened, 1266 were eligible, 634 patients were recruited, 32 lost to follow-up, providing a 602 analysis population. 152 (25.2%) developed one or more category ≥2 PUs. 464 (77.1%) patients reported pressure area related pain on a healthy, altered or category 1 skin site of whom 130 (28.0%) developed a category ≥2 PU compared with 22 (15.9%) of those without pain. Full stepwise variable selection was used throughout the analyses. (1) Multivariable logistic regression model to assess 9 a priori factors: presence of category 1 PU (OR=3.25, 95% CI (2.17 to 4.86), p<0.0001), alterations to intact skin (OR=1.98, 95% CI (1.30 to 3.00), p=0.0014), pressure area related pain (OR=1.56, 95% CI (0.93 to 2.63), p=0.0931). (2) Multivariable logistic regression model to account for overdispersion: presence of category 1 PU (OR=3.20, 95% CI (2.11 to 4.85), p<0.0001), alterations to intact skin (OR=1.90, 95% CI (1.24 to 2.91), p=0.0032), pressure area related pain (OR=1.85, 95% CI (1.07 to 3.20), p=0.0271), pre-existing category 2 PU (OR=2.09, 95% CI (1.35 to 3.23), p=0.0009), presence of chronic wound (OR=1.66, 95% CI (1.06 to 2.62), p=0.0277), Braden activity (p=0.0476). (3) Accelerated failure time model: presence of category 1 PU (AF=2.32, 95% CI (1.73 to 3.12), p<0.0001), pressure area related pain (AF=2.28, 95% CI (1.59 to 3.27), p<0.0001). (4) 2-level random-intercept logistic regression model: skin status which comprised 2 levels (versus healthy skin); alterations to intact skin (OR=4.65, 95% CI (3.01 to 7.18), p<0.0001), presence of category 1 PU (OR=17.30, 95% CI (11.09 to 27.00), p<0.0001) and pressure area related pain (OR=2.25, 95% CI (1.53 to 3.29), p<0.0001). Conclusions This is the first study to assess pain as a predictor of category ≥2 PU development. In all 4 models, pain emerged as a risk factor associated with an increased probability of category ≥2 PU development

Interviews with Walter Williams, Ira Leidig, Troy Thomas Dillinger, Troy Clyde Dillinger, Lelanc C. Rumford, Fred Riddle, Virgil Miller, and Cecil Miller

Interviews with Walter Williams, Ira Leidig, Troy Thomas Dillinger, Troy Clyde Dillinger, Lelanc C. Rumford, Ed Hirschler, Fred Riddle, Virgil Miller, and Cecil Miller regarding their early experiences in Kansas. 00:00:17 - Introduction to interview with Ira Leidig by Carol Jean Brown 00:00:35 - Brewster then and now 00:01:46 - First job sod busting in 1912 00:03:30 - Meeting the Okalhoma Kid at the Cimarron River Bottom, Oklahoma 00:07:06 - Hunting and preserving quail 00:09:47 - Introduction to interview with Ira Leidig by Bill Hayse 00:10:15 - 1878 raid by Indigenous Americans in Decator County, KS 00:19:18 - Introduction to interview with Troy T. Dillinger by Doris L. Quinzer 00:19:43 - Dust storms 00:21:02 - Poem, Excuse Me If I Shed a Tear. 00:23:26 - Introduction to interview with Arlita S. Dillinger by Doris L. Quinzer 00:23:54 - Poem, Widow Sprigin\u27s Daughter 00:25:24 - Introduction to interview with Troy C. Dillinger by Doris L. Quinzer 00:25:40 - Song, The Matinee 00:29:34 - Song, Old Farmer or Farmer\u27s Daughter 00:31:10 - Song, Katie Lee and Willie Gray 00:33:22 - Introduction to interview with Troy T. Dillinger by Doris L. Quinzer 00:33:36 - Hunting coyotes 00:35:16 - Introduction to interview with Leland Rumford by Clair Rumford 00:35:36 - Song, Old Joe Finley 00:37:16 - Introduction to interview of Ed Hirschler by Clair Rumford 00:37:36 - Sam Hertel murders and hanging 00:45:53 - A Boston millionaire\u27s son and his troubles with sheep 00:53:13 - Introduction to interview with Virgil and Cecil Miller by Clair Rumfortd 00:53:36 - Song Little Robbie 00:56:00 - Play party games 00:57:07 - Miller boy 00:58:58 - Pig in the parlor 01:00:53 - Skip to my Lou 01:03:54 - Old Dan Tucker 01:05:07 - Topsy Through The Window 01:06:03 - The Girl I Left Behind Me 01:08:41 - Buffalo Gal 01:10:44 - Farmer Boy or Oats, Beans, and Barley Grow 01:17:57 - Wabash Bottoms and Weevely Wheat 01:21:32 - Introduction to interview with Fred Riddle by Agnes Newbridge. This portion of the recording is muffled. 01:21:53 - Home remedies 01:26:32 - Recording of interview with unknown woman from Cimarron, KS 01:28:07 - Influenza epidemic of 1918 01:29:00 - Farming 01:32:20 - Song, Be Kind To One Anotherhttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1053/thumbnail.jp

Stellar Activity at the End of the Main Sequence: GHRS Observations of the M8 Ve Star VB 10

We present Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph observations of the M8 Ve star VB 10 (equal to G1 752B), located very near the end of the stellar main sequence, and its dM3.5 binary companion G1 752A. These coeval stars provide a test bed for studying whether the outer atmospheres of stars respond to changes in internal structure as stars become fully convective near mass 0.3 solar mass (about spectral type M5), where the nature of the stellar magnetic dynamo presumably changes, and near the transition from red to brown dwarfs near mass 0.08 solar mass (about spectral type M9), when hydrogen burning ceases at the end of the main sequence. We obtain upper limits for the quiescent emission of VB 10 but observe a transition region spectrum during a large flare, which indicates that some type of magnetic dynamo must be present. Two indirect lines of evidence-scaling from the observed X-ray emission and scaling from a time-resolved flare on AD Leo suggest that the fraction of the stellar bolometric luminosity that heats the transition region of VB 10 outside of obvious flares is comparable to, or larger than, that for G1 752A. This suggests an increase in the magnetic heating rates, as measured by L(sub line)/L(sub bol) ratios, across the radiative/convective core boundary and as stars approach the red/brown dwarf boundary. These results provide new constraints for dynamo models and models of coronal and transition-region heating in late-type stars

Healthcare IT Adoption under Different Government Models: Debating the HITECH Impacts

Governments around the world are investing in healthcare as they attempt to increase access to care and the quality of care, while simultaneously lowering the costs of providing care. Many of these investments are in healthcare IT (HIT). The IT software industry is preparing for intensive competition for their HIT packages and workers in response to government and private industry investments. Yet different national healthcare models have produced widely differing healthcare outcomes and HIT adoption rates, with the U.S. performing poorly on both. The objective of this panel is to provide insights based on HIT research conducted in multiple healthcare contexts under different national government models, and then to engage the panel audience in debating the prospects for success of three IT-enabled healthcare delivery reforms being government-funded in the U.S. over the next 5 years. Our larger goal is to provide a forum for information sharing that will motivate other IS researchers across the global IS research community to contribute to the design of solutions and the capturing of best practices that will address some of the key goals of IT-enabled healthcare reform: improved access and quality, and decreased costs