77 research outputs found

    Evaluation de l’activité analgésique de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber Zucc (Rubiacées), une plante médicinale de Côte d’Ivoire

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    Le recours constant et même grandissant par les populations économiquement faibles à la pharmacopée traditionnelle n’est plus discutable puisque de nombreuses recettes traditionnelles font et continuent de faire leurs preuves d’efficacité dans plusieurs pathologies comme le paludisme, les infections virales, le cancer, les infections bactériennes et fongiques. C’est dans ce but que notre équipe a étudié l’activité analgésique centrale et périphérique de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber (EAMS) une plante utilisée en médecinetraditionnelle pour soulager des maux de tête et des douleurs des membres. Nous avons testé les concentrations suivantes : 10 mg/kg de poids corporel (PC); 1 mg/kg PC et 0,1 mg/kg PC du lyophilisat issu du macérât aqueux des feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber sur des souris de type Mus musculus par le test d’Amour et Smith et le writhing test à l’acide acétique. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’extrait de feuilles de Mitracarpus scaber à la dose de 10 mg/kg PC possède d’une part une activité analgésique centrale comparable à celle de la morphine après administration aux souris, et d’autre part une activité analgésique périphérique supérieure à celle du ketoprofène dosé à 10 mg/kg PC. Nos résultats confirment l’utilisation traditionnelle des feuilles deMitracarpus scaber comme analgésique. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reservedMots clés : Extrait de plante, douleur, souris

    Consumption Survey of Justicia Galeopsis T. Anderson Ex C.B. Clarke (Acanthaceae) a Wild Food Plant in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

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    The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and consumption of Justicia galeopsis, a wild food plant, in Abengourou (Côte d’Ivoire). A survey of food consumption has been conducted among the populations and 100 persons have been interviewed. The data revealed that they all have already consumed J. galeopsis leaves. The main reasons of J. galeopsisleaves consumption refer to nutritional value and flavor. There were always cooking before eating and associated mainly with groundnuts (95%) or gumbo (5%). Twenty-seven percent of consumers every day eat J. galeopsis leaves against 64% who consume once or twice a week, 6% twice a month, 3% occasionally. 6% the populations collected these leaves in the market against 94% who obtained them from their field which is far from the village. Although the fields were far from the village, 74% of population prepares J. galeopsis just after the collect without conservation. The cooking time of leaves associated with peanuts or okra is estimated by 41% of the households at 30 minutes. Five percent prepared them during 45 minutes and 22% during one (1) hour. This study reveals that J. galeopsis is a famous plant in Abengourou. Its leaves are greatly appreciated by all populations studied

    Réduction des charges alimentaires des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) par un régime fourrager supplémenté par la farine de poisson et/ou du maïs-grain durant le cycle de reproduction

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    La supplémentation de Panicum maximum Jacq par l'aliment concentré granulé pour lapin a l'avantage d'induire une meilleure productivité des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) et a pour inconvénient d'être relativement coûteux. Afin de réduire le coût de production des cobayes, quatre régimes alimentaires que sont : Panicum maximum et Euphorbia heterophylla associé au maïs-grain (PEM), ou associé à la farine de poisson (PEF), ou associé au grain de maïs et à la farine de poisson (PEMF) et Panicum maximum associé au granulé pour lapin (PG; régime témoin), ont été distribués ad libitum à 24 cobayes femelles multipares durant la gestation et l’allaitement. Les valeurs moyennes du taux de fécondité, des poids à la naissance et des croissances journalières des cobayes au cours de la lactation ont été 83, 100, 167 et 200% ; 71±14, 88±18, 98±17 et 104±10 g ; et 5±1, 6±1, 7±1 et 8±1 g.j-1 respectivement pour PEM, PEF, PEMF et PG. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude montrent que le régime constitué de Panicum maximum, Euphorbia heterophylla et de farine de poisson (PEF) semble être une solution optimale en milieu rural, avec une réduction de 55% des charges liées à l'alimentation en comparaison à PGMots clés : Cobaye, fourrage, Euphorbia heterophylla, Panicum maximum, farine de poisson, économie

    Diagnostic de l’Etat de Fertilité des Sols Sous Culture Cotonnière Dans les Principaux Bassins de Production de Côte d’Ivoire

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    The study was conducted to assess the fertility potential of cotton soilsin Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 500 plots of cotton farmers in 5 regions of thecotton basin was selected for soil sampling in the horizon 0-20 cm. Thechemical analyzes of soil samples in the laboratory were performed on thefollowing parameters: particle size, pHwater, organic matter, total N, availableP, K, Ca, Mg and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soil. The physicalcharacterization revealed that the studied soils are mainly sandy texture in thesurface horizon. This gives them a very low retention capacity. The chemicalcharacterization of soils showed that they have reactions ranging from slightlyacid to neutral (6.4 <pH<7). These soils have very low levels of total organicmatter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus (in northern, south-central andwestern regions), calcium, potassium, and low values of cation exchangecapacity

    Developpement de Methodes Automatiques pour la Reutilisation des Composants Logiciels

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    The large amount of information and the increasing complexity of applications constrain developers to have stand-alone and reusable components from libraries and component markets.Our approach consists in developing methods to evaluate the quality of the software component of these libraries, on the one hand and moreover to optimize the financial cost and the adaptation's time of these selected components. Our objective function defines a metric that maximizes the value of the software component quality by minimizing the financial cost and maintenance time. This model should make it possible to classify the components and order them in order to choose the most optimized. MOTS-CLES : d{\'e}veloppement de m{\'e}thode, r{\'e}utilisation, composants logiciels, qualit{\'e} de composant KEYWORDS:method development, reuse, software components, component quality .Comment: in Frenc

    Identification des risques climatiques en riziculture pluviale dans le centre de la Cote d’Ivoire

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    Cette Ă©tude a pour but d’identifier les risques climatiques majeurs auxquels est confrontĂ©e la culture du riz pluvial dans le centre de la CĂ´te d’Ivoire. A partir des donnĂ©es mĂ©tĂ©orologiques relevĂ©es sur trente-sept annĂ©es et traitĂ©es Ă  l’aide des logiciels Instat+ version 3.036 et Xlstat version 2018, divers indices climatiques et Ă©vĂ©nements agro-climatiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s et analysĂ©s. La hausse des tempĂ©ratures maximales, le dĂ©marrage tardif de la saison des pluies, la variabilitĂ© des dates de dĂ©marrage de la saison des pluies, les faux dĂ©parts de la saison des pluies, le  raccourcissement de la saison des pluies, la baisse du cumul pluviomĂ©trique saisonnier, les sĂ©cheresses saisonnières et les dĂ©ficits hydriques constituent les risques climatiques majeurs pour la culture du riz pluvial. Au regard de la nature des risques climatiques identifiĂ©s, la sĂ©lection de variĂ©tĂ©s de riz pluvial plus rĂ©sistantes au stress hydrique ainsi que la dĂ©termination de pĂ©riodes optimales de semis pourraient constituer des mesures efficaces d’attĂ©nuation ou d’adaptation Ă  ces risques. Mots clĂ©s : risques climatiques, riz pluvial, adaptation, attĂ©nuation, CĂ´te d’Ivoire.   English Title: Identification of climatic risks affecting rainfed rice cultivation in central Cote d’Ivoire This study aims to identify the major climatic risks affecting rainfed rice cultivation in central CĂ´te d’Ivoire. Based on meteorological data collected over thirty-seven years and analyzed with Instat+ version 3.036 and Xlstat version 2018 softwares, several climate indices and agro-climatic events  have been determined and analyzed. Increase in maximum temperatures, late start of the rainy season, variability in rainy season start dates, false starts of the rainy season, shortening of the rainy season, decrease in cumulated seasonal rainfall, seasonal droughts and water deficits are the  major climate risks for rainfed rice. Considering the nature of the identified climatic risks, the selection of rainfed rice varieties that are more resistant to water stress and the determination of optimal sowing periods could represent effective mitigation or adaptation measures. Keywords : climatic hazards, rainfed rice, adaptation, mitigation, CĂ´te d’Ivoire

    Assessment of Wells Water Quality and their Suitability for Drinking in M'Bahiakro City (CĂ´te d'Ivoire)

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    The present study was carried out to assess the quality and the suitability of the well waters for drinking in M’bahiakro city (centre-east of Côte d’Ivoire). The work was performed on 71 wells in February 2012 (dry season) and June 2012 (rainy season). Groundwater levels and physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, redox potential (Eh), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Salinity) were measured to assess the water table fluctuation and the groundwater quality. Standardized Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) was calculated to group the well waters and to evaluate their suitability for drinking according to different classes. Water table varies between 125 and 135 m during the dry season and between 127 and 136 m during the rainy season with a West-Est flow direction. The recharge values ranged between 0.57 m and 5.57 m. Wells waters are generally acidic (pH<6.5), high mineralized with conductivities and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) respectively above 600 µS/cm and 300 mg/l. Well water salinity values ranged between 0.30 and 0.5%. The Standardized Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) allowed distinguishing three important groups of water within M’bahiakro area: the first group of wells with high mineralized water, the second group of wells with high potential redox (Eh) and the third group of wells with pH closer to neutral. The first and second groups are not very suitable for drinking because they are suspected of being contaminated by anthropogenic sources such as septic tanks and wild dump. Waters of these wells need to be treated before any domestic use

    Caractéristiques biochimiques et microbiologiques de moutardes africaines produites à base de graines fermentées de Parkia biglobosa et de Glycine max, vendues en Côte d’Ivoire

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    Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer les compositions biochimiques et microbiologiques de moutardes africaines (soumbara) à base de graines de néré et de soja vendues sur les marchés locaux. Pour la composition chimique, les teneurs moyennes en eau se situent entre 15,35±3,28 et 29,53±2,33%, les teneurs moyennes en cendres entre 2,81±0,06 et 4,93±0,08%, les teneurs moyennes en protéines brutes entre 28,47±3,1 et 30,90±2,16% et les teneurs moyennes en lipides entre 18,42±0,86 et 37,13±2,69%. Il a été noté que les soumbara des différentes villes diffèrent significativement par leurs teneurs en eau, en cendres et en lipides. La charge microbiologique et la composition chimique des soumbara ont été déterminées par les méthodes classiques. Pour les caractéristiques microbiologiques, la qualité évaluée selon la directive 2005/2073/CE relatives aux critères microbiologiques applicables aux denrées alimentaires a été jugée acceptable. En outre, ces travaux ont montré que la microflore associée à la fermentation des graines de Parkia biglobosa et de Glycine max, était essentiellement constituée de Bacillus, de Staphyloccocus, de streptocoques du groupe D et C, ainsi que de levures et de moisissures. Trois Bacillus ont été impliquées dans la production du soumbara à base des graines fermentées de Parkia biglobosa. Deux Bacillus ont été impliquées dans la production du soumbara à base de graines de Glycine max. La présente étude constitue une première pour l’élaboration des normes de conformités applicables aux moutardes africaines en vue d’une standardisation de leurs caractéristiques de qualité.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Parkia biglobosa, Glycine max, valeur nutritive, fermentation, microflore, protéines, Côte d’IvoireEnglish Title:  Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of African mustards produced from fermented Parkia biglobosa seeds and fermented Glycine max, sold in Côte d’IvoireEnglish AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate "the African mustard» produced from fermented Parkia biglobosa seeds and fermented Glycine max, in order to determine their nutritional and microbial qualities. Overall composition of these local condiments was determined. Results indicted that the water content ranged from 15.35 ± 3.28 to 29.53 ± 2.33%, ash content ranged from 2.81 ± 0.06 to 4.93 ± 0 08%, protein content ranged from 28 47 ± 3.1 to 30.90 ± 2.16% and lipid content were 18.42 ± 0.86 to 37.13 ± 2.69%. It should be noted that mustards sampling in different cities were significantly different in their water, ash and fat content. For microbial, bacterial and fungal counts were observed. Food security and quality were assessed according to EC 2005/2073 recommendation. This observation indicated microbiological safety to all samples of mustards. Study shown that, fermentative bacteria of Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max seed were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus C and D, as well as yeasts and molds. Three Bacillus are commonly involved in Nere mustard fermentation. Two Bacillus are involved in soy mustard fermentation.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, Glycine max, nutritive value, fermentation, proteins, Côte d’Ivoir

    Assessment of Serum Calcium, Serum Iron and Nutritional Status among Under-Five Children in Six Municipalities of Abidjan District, Côte d’Ivoire

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    Malnutrition occurs in various forms in the world, especially in African countries. It affects two-thirds of the children in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to the protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), micronutrient deficiencies also affect many children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, serum iron and serum calcium among under-five children. This study was conducted on a cohort from 480 children in six municipalities of Abidjan: Abobo, Cocody, Koumassi, Marcory, Treichville and Yopougon. A blood sample and anthropometric measurements (weight, height) were performed to determine the hematological profile and nutritional status of children. The results showed that stunting was the most widespread form of malnutrition among children surveyed. Depending on age, children from 0 to 6 months have a low prevalence of PEM than those from 7 to 59 months: wasting (1.2% vs 3.5%), stunting (8.6% vs 25.2%) and underweight (3.4% vs 10.7%). Also, the results reveal a lowest serum iron (µmol/l) among children from low households income (9.77 ± 2.4), illiterate mothers (8.92 ± 1.3) compared to those from mothers with a high level of education (21.75 ± 4.1) and high living standard (21.28 ± 2.1). There was no notable difference (p&gt;0.05) between serum calcium whatever socio-demographic parameters considered. The parameters under study such as nutritional status, serum calcium and serum iron have shown a variation of malnutrition in Abidjan
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