Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil Oil Using Nizn /Al2o3 Catalyst As Biomass Alternative Energy

Fossil energy is a limited source of primary energy, various efforts have been made to find alternative fuels that are renewable. Vegetable oil is one of the plants that can be a source of energy, but must be converted into other forms, namely alkyl esters (biodiesel). Biodiesel is a diesel fuel substitute that can be used as a raw material for making or mixing in transportation fuels. In this study, biodiesel will be produced using an esterification-transesterification process with NiZn/Al2O3catalyst. Process variables include:temperaturesof90,120,150and180oC.theratiooffeedmethanol:palmoilata ratio of 1: 15. The concentration of NiZn/Al2o3 catalyst was varied at 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%. NiZn/Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized using wet impregnation method with loading of nickel and Zink at 5% wt. The catalyst will be analyzed using XRD and SEM analysis. Nickel and Zink metals in the NiZn/Al2O3catalyst catalyst have been dispersed on the surface of Al2O3. Al2O3 calcination before the impregnation process produced NiZn /Al2O3 catalyst with a crystallinity of 62,99%. The results of this study concluded that the biodiesel produced increased with increasing catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction in the esterification-transesterification process where at a temperature of 90oC and catalyst concentration 0.015 g catalyst / gr feed and reaction time of 1.5 hours obtained biodiesel yield of 35.8%, at temperature of 90oC and at a temperature of 180oC and catalyst concentration of 0.01 g catalyst/gr feed obtained biodiesel yield of 48.3%. Biodiesel was analyzed by GCMS to measure the composition of methyl esters and test the properties of biodiesel according to ASTM standards.     Keywords: Biodiesel, Palm Oil, Esterification-Transesterification, NiZn/Al2O

Optimization On Subcritical Fluid Extraction Of Zingiberene

The establishment of subcritical fluid application for zingiberene extraction was studied by employing water as a green solvent. The zingiberene content was observed by using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry and regarding to the independent variable of temperature, extraction time, ginger-solvent ratio and aging time. By applying subcritical water, the critical value of zingiberene content obtained was 0.036%.  This value was approached by the surface modeling of alpha for rotatability design which performed at 125 C, 20 min of extraction time, 0.08 of ginger to solvent ratio and 9 min of aging time of extraction parameters. The surface modeling was validated by plotting the observed and predicted value of zingiberene content and evidenced by the value of R-square at 0.76

PRODUKSI SURFAKTAN GLUKOSA ESTER DARI BERAS DAN BERBAGAI ASAM LEMAK :KAJIAN PANJANG RANTAI CARBON TERHADAP KESTABILAN EMULSI

Beras merupakan makanan pokok bangsa Indonesia yang dihasilkan dari hasil penggilingan gabah kering. Pecahan butiran beras hasil penggilingan, beras reject, beras untuk raskin dan beras jenis C4 kualitas rendah jarang dikonsumsi, sehingga timbul pemikiran untuk mengolah beras tersebut menjadi surfaktan. Langkah awal dilakukan proses penepungan beras kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses fermentasi. Fermentasi menggunakan variabel tetap : tekanan = 1 atm, kecepatan pengadukan = 400 rpm, ratio tepung beras 125 gram per 1 liter larutan dan variabel berubah : suhu, waktu dan penambahan enzim. Enzim yang digunakan alfa dan beta amilase. Fermentasi menghasilkan glukosa dengan kadar 29,30 % pada kondisi fermentasi terbaik, suhu 70oC, waktu 19 jam, penambahan enzim alfa dan beta amilase = 2,0 ml. Selanjutnya glukosa di esterifikasi pada suhu 80oC selama 90 menit dengan menggunakan asam stearat, asam palmitat, asam laurat dan katalisator asam sulfat. Esterfikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan variabel tetap : tekanan = 1 atm, kecepatan pengadukan = 400 rpm, perbandingan massa glukosa : asam lemak jenuh = 1 : 1, pemakaian katalisator = 5 % dari massa glukosa dan variabel berubah : suhu, waktu. Esterifikasi menghasilkan surfaktan glukosa mono stearat (21,52 %), glukosa mono palmitat (21,30 %) dan glukosa mono laurat (21,02 %). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa panjang rantai Carbon dan BM dari asam lemak yang digunakan (asam stearat : C17H35COOH, BM = 284, asam palmitat : C15H31COOH, BM = 256, asam laurat : C11H23COOH, BM = 200) berpengaruh pada yield glukosa mono ester. Uji stabilitas emulsi dari glukosa mono stearat, glukosa mono palmitat dan glukosa mono laurat, menunjukkan panjang rantai karbon pada asam lemak jenuh pada emulsifier glukosa mono ester berpengaruh pada stabilitas emulsi

Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil Oil Using Nizn /Al2o3 Catalyst As Biomass Alternative Energy

Fossil energy is a limited source of primary energy, various efforts have been made to find alternative fuels that are renewable. Vegetable oil is one of the plants that can be a source of energy, but must be converted into other forms, namely alkyl esters (biodiesel). Biodiesel is a diesel fuel substitute that can be used as a raw material for making or mixing in transportation fuels. In this study, biodiesel will be produced using an esterification-transesterification process with NiZn/Al2O3catalyst. Process variables include:temperaturesof90,120,150and180oC.theratiooffeedmethanol:palmoilata ratio of 1: 15. The concentration of NiZn/Al2o3 catalyst was varied at 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%. NiZn/Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized using wet impregnation method with loading of nickel and Zink at 5% wt. The catalyst will be analyzed using XRD and SEM analysis. Nickel and Zink metals in the NiZn/Al2O3catalyst catalyst have been dispersed on the surface of Al2O3. Al2O3 calcination before the impregnation process produced NiZn /Al2O3 catalyst with a crystallinity of 62,99%. The results of this study concluded that the biodiesel produced increased with increasing catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction in the esterification-transesterification process where at a temperature of 90oC and catalyst concentration 0.015 g catalyst / gr feed and reaction time of 1.5 hours obtained biodiesel yield of 35.8%, at temperature of 90oC and at a temperature of 180oC and catalyst concentration of 0.01 g catalyst/gr feed obtained biodiesel yield of 48.3%. Biodiesel was analyzed by GCMS to measure the composition of methyl esters and test the properties of biodiesel according to ASTM standards.</jats:p

INOVASI PEMBUATAN ABON IKAN SEBAGAI SALAH SATU TEKNOLOGI PENGAWETAN IKAN

Heny Kusumayanti, Widi Astuti, RTD. Wisnu Broto, in this paper explain that fish is one of the food-stuff which liked many and consumed by societies besides as commodity of export. In general fish quickly experience of the process of obsolence if compared to other food-stuff is so that required by  technology processing of fish to length then energy keep him, one of them is processing of fish become shredded fish. Region sub-district of Mangunharjo have big potency in fishery area, by halves societies work as farmer of fishpond. With existence of training to society about expected by society have adequate knowledge so that can exploit the area potency of to improve his life level. Activity method which used in this devotion is method deliver a lecture, method’s practice of concerning way making of shredded fish, and question and answer method. The result show that very enthusiastic society to making process  of shredded fish. Require to be done  by creativity and innovation in course of processing of shredded fish so that yielded product can certifiable and better. Keyword : Fish, Processing of fish, Shredded fish.</jats:p

UJI EFIKASI FORMULASI RODENTISIDA CAIR DENGAN BAHAN AKTIF PERMENTRIN DAN MALATHION PADA TIKUS SAWAH, TIKUS RUMAH DAN TIKUS POHON DALAM MENCEGAH PENYAKIT LEPTOSPIROSIS

Mice are the main reservoir in transmitting leptospirosis, which is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic leptospira bacteria, so it needs to be controlled effectively. Mice control has been using traps or rodenticides. One of the pesticides available is permethrin and malathion, which has been used as an insecticide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of insecticide formulas as rodenticides in killing field mice, house mice, and tree mice. In the research of liquid rodenticide formula, the concentration is 0.025; 0.050 and 0.075% of the active ingredients were tested for efficacy against mice. Data analysis in the form of descriptive. The results showed that the absence of mice that died from these three types of mice, which showed a dose of 0.075%, was too small for mice so that they only experienced seizures. So that further testing is needed to make the killing power more effective on mice.</jats:p

Optimization On Subcritical Fluid Extraction Of Zingiberene

The establishment of subcritical fluid application for zingiberene extraction was studied by employing water as a green solvent. The zingiberene content was observed by using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry and regarding to the independent variable of temperature, extraction time, ginger-solvent ratio and aging time. By applying subcritical water, the critical value of zingiberene content obtained was 0.036%.  This value was approached by the surface modeling of alpha for rotatability design which performed at 125  C, 20 min of extraction time, 0.08 of ginger to solvent ratio and 9 min of aging time of extraction parameters. The surface modeling was validated by plotting the observed and predicted value of zingiberene content and evidenced by the value of R-square at 0.76.</jats:p

Kinetics Of The Enzymatic Transesterification Of Tuna Oil Catalyzed By Immobilized

Structured lipid containing Medium Chain of Fatty Acid (MCFA) at outer position and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) at sn-2 position has nutritional value and excellent absorption. In this research, structured lipids was synthesized directly through enzymatic acidolysis between fish oil and lauric acid and catalyzed by specific lipase from immobilized 1.3 Candida rugose. The kinetics of enzymatic transesterification reactions catalyzed by immobilized Candida rugose was studied. To obtain the optimal condition, the factor substrate ratio of fish oil : lauric acid and reaction time were investigated. Simple mathematical model for DAG synthesis through transesterification mechanisms have been developed. The results showed that the parameters obtained had a good sensitivity. It was found that the kinetic model well describes the behavior of the reaction as the influence of the initial ratio of reactants