28 research outputs found

    Effects of alpha-linolenic acid vs. docosahexaenoic acid supply on the distribution of fatty acids among the rat cardiac subcellular membranes after a short- or long-term dietary exposure

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    Previous work showed that the functional cardiac effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in rats requires a long feeding period (6 months), although a docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid-supply affects cardiac adrenergic response after 2 months. However, the total cardiac membrane n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition remained unchanged after 2 months. This delay could be due to a specific reorganization of the different subcellular membrane PUFA profiles. This study was designed to investigate the evolution between 2 and 6 months of diet duration of the fatty acid profile in sarcolemmal (SL), mitochondrial (MI), nuclear (NU) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane fractions. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 dietary groups (n = 10/diet/period), either n-3 PUFA-free diet (CTL), or ALA or DHA-rich diets. After 2 or 6 months, the subcellular cardiac membrane fractions were separated by differential centrifugations and sucrose gradients. Each membrane profile was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) after lipid extraction. As expected the n-3 PUFA-rich diets incorporated n-3 PUFA instead of n-6 PUFA in all the subcellular fractions, which also exhibited individual specificities. The diet duration increased SFA and decreased PUFA in SL, whereas NU remained constant. The SR and MI enriched in n-3 PUFA exhibited a decreased DHA level with ageing in the DHA and CTL groups. Conversely, the n-3 PUFA level remained unchanged in the ALA group, due to a significant increase in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). N-3 PUFA rich diets lead to a better PUFA profile in all the fractions and significantly prevent the profile modifications induced by ageing. With the ALA diet the n-3 PUFA content, particularly in SR and SL kept increasing between 2 and 6 months, which may partly account for the delay to achieve the modification of adrenergic response

    Camu-Camu Reduces Obesity and Improves Diabetic Profiles of Obese and Diabetic Mice : A Dose-Ranging Study

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    Overweight, obesity, and their comorbidities are currently considered a major public health concern. Today considerable efforts are still needed to develop efficient strategies able to attenuate the burden of these diseases. Nutritional interventions, some with plant extracts, present promising health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the action of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia), an Amazonian fruit rich in polyphenols and vitamin C, on the prevention of obesity and associated disorders in mice and the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in both cecum and feces. Methods: We investigated the dose-response effects of Camu-Camu extract (CCE) in the context of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After 5 weeks of supplementation, we demonstrated that the two doses of CCE differently improved glucose and lipid homeostasis. The lowest CCE dose (62.5 mg/kg) preferentially decreased non-HDL cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA) and increased the abundance of A. muciniphila without affecting liver metabolism, while only the highest dose of CCE (200 mg/kg) prevented excessive body weight gain, fat mass gain, and hepatic steatosis. Both doses decreased fasting hyperglycemia induced by HFD. In conclusion, the use of plant extracts, and particularly CCE, may represent an additional option in the support of weight management strategies and glucose homeostasis alteration by mechanisms likely independent from the modulation of A. muciniphila abundance.Peer reviewe

    Impact de la longueur de chaßne des acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 alimentaires sur les récepteurs adrénergiques et les récepteurs à la ryanodine cardiaques

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    National audienceDans un prĂ©cĂ©dent travail, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que pour avoir les mĂȘmes effets sur la rĂ©gulation de la frĂ©quence cardiaque (FC) avec un rĂ©gime enrichi en acide alpha-linolĂ©nique (ALA) il fallait attendre 6 mois de rĂ©gime alors qu’avec un rĂ©gime enrichi en acide docosahexaĂ©noĂŻque (DHA) ces effets sont observĂ©s dĂšs 2 mois de rĂ©gime. Nous avons Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que le retard des effets fonctionnels observĂ©s avec l’ALA serait liĂ© Ă  une modification de paramĂštres impliquĂ©s dans le couplage excitation-contraction. Nous avons analysĂ©, aprĂšs 2 et 6 mois de rĂ©gime, la densitĂ© et l’affinitĂ© des rĂ©cepteurs beta-adrĂ©nergiques (ÎČ-AR) et des rĂ©cepteurs Ă  la ryanodine (RyR), ainsi que la capacitĂ© des cardiomyocytes isolĂ©s adultes Ă  produire de l’AMPc en rĂ©ponse Ă  des doses croissantes d’isoprotĂ©rĂ©nol. Des rats mĂąles Wistar ont Ă©tĂ© alimentĂ©s pendant 2 ou 6 mois avec 3 rĂ©gimes (CTL sans n-3, enrichi en ALA ou en DHA) (n=10). Deux sĂ©ries de rats ont Ă©tĂ© sacrifiĂ©es et le cƓur prĂ©levĂ©, l’une pour analyse des rĂ©cepteurs, l’autre pour isoler les cardiomyocytes pour Ă©valuer l’effet-dose de l’isoprotĂ©rĂ©nol sur la production d’AMPc. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une diminution de l’affinitĂ© des ÎČ-AR (ligand CGP) pour les groupes n-3 par rapport au CTL Ă  2 et 6 mois, avec une meilleure rĂ©ponse adrĂ©nergique (dĂšs 2 mois pour le groupe DHA et Ă  6 mois pour le groupe ALA) mise en Ă©vidence par la diminution de l’EC50 de l’isoprotĂ©rĂ©nol dans la production d’AMPc. L’affinitĂ© des RyR a Ă©tĂ© augmentĂ©e notamment dans le groupe ALA Ă  6 mois. La densitĂ© des 2 types de rĂ©cepteurs a augmentĂ© dans les deux groupes n-3 Ă  2 mois. Mais cette augmentation est transitoire dans le groupe ALA alors qu’elle se maintient dans le groupe DHA. En conclusion, ces rĂ©sultats montrent une meilleure rĂ©ponse bĂȘta-adrĂ©nergique pour les groupes n-3 par rapport au CTL dĂšs 2 mois pour le DHA et aprĂšs 6 mois pour le groupe ALA. Les effets sur la FC, prĂ©cĂ©demment observĂ©s, passeraient donc par une modification de la capacitĂ© des ÎČ-AR Ă  produire l’AMPc en rĂ©ponse Ă  l’isoprotĂ©rĂ©nol

    Long term effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid or docosahexaenoic acid on heart function <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> in healthy adult rats

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    International audienceThe objective of this study was to evaluate if an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet may affect heart rate or adrenergic response and ryanodine receptors (RyR) binding as compared to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)- free diet (CTL diet). Hemodynamic parameters were investigated in vivo (heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure (LVP), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure). Beta-adrenergic receptors (1-AR) and RyR were investigated on membrane preparations and cAMP production on isolated adult cardiomyocytes, after 2 and 6 months in male rats randomly assigned to one of the three experimental diets (n=8). In the DHA group 1-AR Kd significantly decreased whereas the Bmax increased. Moreover, this group showed a significant decrease of the isoproterenol EC50 for cAMP production as compared to the CTL group. In the ALA group, the RyR Kd was strongly decreased as compared to DHA and CTL groups. Both n-3 groups exhibited an improved positive chronotropic response to isoproterenol injection in vivo after 2 months of diet as compared to CTL group, without significant effect on the blood pressure decrease. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the DHA effect could be attributable to a direct effect on the first steps occurring in the adrenergic response while the ALA effect could be linked to the consecutive events of the response at the reticulum sarcoplasmic location

    AltĂ©rations cardiaques et musculaires dans l’hypertrophie cardiaque et prĂ©vention par supplĂ©mentation alimentaire en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s n-3

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    National audienceL’hypertrophie cardiaque (HC) induit une augmentation de la masse membranaire et donc une demande accrue en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI) qui reprĂ©sentent plus de 50% des membranes. Ce travail a eu pour objectif d’étudier dans l’HC la fonction cardiaque in vivo par tĂ©lĂ©mĂ©trie implantĂ©e et d’évaluer le devenir de l’homĂ©ostasie lipidique des membranes du cƓur et du muscle squelettique (MS). Cette Ă©tude a aussi Ă©tĂ© conduite pour apprĂ©cier les capacitĂ©s prĂ©ventives d’un rĂ©-Ă©quilibrage lipidique du rĂ©gime permettant d’étudier le rĂŽle fonctionnel des AGPI n-3, en particulier l’acide docosahexaĂ©noĂŻque (DHA), et du rapport AGPI/ SaturĂ©s. Des rats mĂąles Wistar HC ayant subi une stĂ©nose de l’aorte abdominale et leurs sham ont Ă©tĂ© maintenus 2 mois sur un rĂ©gime occidental (WD) ou optimisĂ© (OD). A court terme les rats HC ont montrĂ© une baisse de FrĂ©quence (Fc) et une hypotension artĂ©rielle systĂ©mique systolique (-10 mmHg). Les niveaux de Fc et de pression (PA) des rats HC Ă©taient plus bas et moins variables sous OD. Stable sous OD, la PA a augmentĂ© dans le temps sous WD. Les membranes biologiques se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es trĂšs sensibles aux modulations des AGPI alimentaires. Sous WD, le DHA cardiaque atteint 5% des AG, sous OD il passe Ă  18%, provoquant une baisse du ratio n-6/n-3. Quel que soit le rĂ©gime, l’HC s’est accompagnĂ©e d’une diminution de 18:2 n-6, dĂ©crite dans les pathologies cardiaques. Les mĂȘmes modulations ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans le MS. Toutefois les rats HC sous WD ont perdu des AGPI au profit d’AGS, le 18:2 n-6 a augmentĂ© tandis que le 20:4 n-6 et le DHA ont diminuĂ©. Sous WD, l’HC a induit une baisse du ratio n-6/n-3, alors que ce rapport n’était pas altĂ©rĂ© sous OD. Le bilan de ces analyses fait apparaĂźtre que des relations Ă©troites existent entre le dĂ©veloppement d’une pathologie cardiaque chronique et l’altĂ©ration de l’homĂ©ostasie des membranes. Un apport alimentaire spĂ©cifique de DHA est nĂ©cessaire au cƓur et au MS pour prĂ©venir les altĂ©rations induites par l’HC

    Long term effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid or docosahexaenoic acid on heart function <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> in healthy adult rats

    No full text
    International audienceThe objective of this study was to evaluate if an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet may affect heart rate or adrenergic response and ryanodine receptors (RyR) binding as compared to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)- free diet (CTL diet). Hemodynamic parameters were investigated in vivo (heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure (LVP), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure). Beta-adrenergic receptors (1-AR) and RyR were investigated on membrane preparations and cAMP production on isolated adult cardiomyocytes, after 2 and 6 months in male rats randomly assigned to one of the three experimental diets (n=8). In the DHA group 1-AR Kd significantly decreased whereas the Bmax increased. Moreover, this group showed a significant decrease of the isoproterenol EC50 for cAMP production as compared to the CTL group. In the ALA group, the RyR Kd was strongly decreased as compared to DHA and CTL groups. Both n-3 groups exhibited an improved positive chronotropic response to isoproterenol injection in vivo after 2 months of diet as compared to CTL group, without significant effect on the blood pressure decrease. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the DHA effect could be attributable to a direct effect on the first steps occurring in the adrenergic response while the ALA effect could be linked to the consecutive events of the response at the reticulum sarcoplasmic location

    AltĂ©rations cardiaques et musculaires dans l’hypertrophie cardiaque et prĂ©vention par supplĂ©mentation alimentaire en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s n-3

    No full text
    National audienceL’hypertrophie cardiaque (HC) induit une augmentation de la masse membranaire et donc une demande accrue en acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI) qui reprĂ©sentent plus de 50% des membranes. Ce travail a eu pour objectif d’étudier dans l’HC la fonction cardiaque in vivo par tĂ©lĂ©mĂ©trie implantĂ©e et d’évaluer le devenir de l’homĂ©ostasie lipidique des membranes du cƓur et du muscle squelettique (MS). Cette Ă©tude a aussi Ă©tĂ© conduite pour apprĂ©cier les capacitĂ©s prĂ©ventives d’un rĂ©-Ă©quilibrage lipidique du rĂ©gime permettant d’étudier le rĂŽle fonctionnel des AGPI n-3, en particulier l’acide docosahexaĂ©noĂŻque (DHA), et du rapport AGPI/ SaturĂ©s. Des rats mĂąles Wistar HC ayant subi une stĂ©nose de l’aorte abdominale et leurs sham ont Ă©tĂ© maintenus 2 mois sur un rĂ©gime occidental (WD) ou optimisĂ© (OD). A court terme les rats HC ont montrĂ© une baisse de FrĂ©quence (Fc) et une hypotension artĂ©rielle systĂ©mique systolique (-10 mmHg). Les niveaux de Fc et de pression (PA) des rats HC Ă©taient plus bas et moins variables sous OD. Stable sous OD, la PA a augmentĂ© dans le temps sous WD. Les membranes biologiques se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es trĂšs sensibles aux modulations des AGPI alimentaires. Sous WD, le DHA cardiaque atteint 5% des AG, sous OD il passe Ă  18%, provoquant une baisse du ratio n-6/n-3. Quel que soit le rĂ©gime, l’HC s’est accompagnĂ©e d’une diminution de 18:2 n-6, dĂ©crite dans les pathologies cardiaques. Les mĂȘmes modulations ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans le MS. Toutefois les rats HC sous WD ont perdu des AGPI au profit d’AGS, le 18:2 n-6 a augmentĂ© tandis que le 20:4 n-6 et le DHA ont diminuĂ©. Sous WD, l’HC a induit une baisse du ratio n-6/n-3, alors que ce rapport n’était pas altĂ©rĂ© sous OD. Le bilan de ces analyses fait apparaĂźtre que des relations Ă©troites existent entre le dĂ©veloppement d’une pathologie cardiaque chronique et l’altĂ©ration de l’homĂ©ostasie des membranes. Un apport alimentaire spĂ©cifique de DHA est nĂ©cessaire au cƓur et au MS pour prĂ©venir les altĂ©rations induites par l’HC

    A Two‐Week Treatment with Plant Extracts Changes Gut Microbiota, Caecum Metabolome, and Markers of Lipid Metabolism in ob/ob Mice

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    International audienceSCOPE: Targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis by prebiotics is effective, though side-effects such as abdominal bloating and flatulence may arise following high prebiotic consumption over weeks. Our aim was therefore to optimize the current protocol for prebiotic use. METHODS AND RESULTS: To examine the prebiotic properties of plant extracts, we conducted two independent studies in ob/ob mice, over two weeks. In the first study, we evaluated Porphyra umbilicalis and Melissa officinalis L. extracts; in the second study, we assessed a high- vs. low-dose of an Emblica officinalis Gaertn extract. These plant extracts affected gut microbiota, caecum metabolome and induced a significant lower plasma triacylglycerols (TG) following the treatment with P. umbilicalis and significant higher plasma free fatty acids (FFA) following treatment with the low-dose of E. officinalis Gaertn. Glucose- and insulin-tolerance were not affected but white adipose tissue and liver gene expression were modified. In the first study, IL-6 hepatic gene expression was significantly (adjusted P = 0.0015) and positively (r = 0.80) correlated with the bacterial order Clostridiales in all mice. CONCLUSION: Our data show that a 2-week treatment with plant extracts affects the dysbiotic gut microbiota and changes both caecum metabolome and markers of lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice

    Quantification of trans-resveratrol and its metabolites in human plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry

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    International audienceTrans-resveratrol is a stilbene polyphenol with a large spectrum of biological activities. This is why it is widely studied in terms of activities, bioavailability and quantitation in different foods, beverages and biological matrices. Different analytical methods are employed for its quantitation. In this study a quadrupole-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometer coupled to a reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography is applied to a quantitation of trans-resveratrol and its metabolites trans-resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, trans-resveratrol-4'-O-beta-D-glucuronide, trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, a,b-dihydroresveratrol, a,b-dihydroresveratrol-glucuronide, a,b-dihydroresveratrol-glucuronide-sulfate, a,b-dihydroresveratrol-sulfate, trans-resveratrol-3,5-O-beta-D-diglucuronide, trans-resveratrol-3,4'-O-D-beta-diglucuronide, trans-resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide-sulfate and trans-resveratrol-4'-O-beta-D-glucuronide-sulfate in human plasma. MS/MS experiments coupled to a high resolving power and accurate mass measurements as well as the use of labeled internal standards enabled the achievement of linear calibration curves across the four orders of magnitude concentration ranges. The method was validated in terms of specificity and selectivity, accuracy and precision, sensitivity and matrix effect and can be now applied to pharmacokinetic studies or routine analysis. In addition, the application of quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer to the quantitation of trans-resveratrol and its metabolites provides acquisition of full collision induced dissociation spectra of analyzed compounds giving place to the structural characterization and sensitivity and linear concentration ranges respecting the accuracy and precision, specificity and selectivity requirements
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