Real-ationships an educational philosophy advocating for an increased effort towards authentic teacher-student relationships

The impact an educator has on a student\u27s life far exceeds the academic content being learned. The development of positive relationships between the teacher and student fosters the student\u27s feelings of connectedness to their education. A strengthened connection leads to an increase in motivation, effort, and achievement. Unfortunately, positive teacher-student relationships are not the primary focus of today\u27s educational systems. An educational philosophy advocating for real-ationships emphasizes the need for positive teacher-student relationships. The real-ationship\u27s characteristics and implementation are described in detail, while real-life examples depict the positive experiences I have had as an educator within real-tionships. It is a philosophy that can be adopted by any teacher, any grade, at any type of school: it offers a \u27way of being\u27 that cultivates healthy, positive encounters, interactions, and connections with one\u27s students

Mortality in England and Wales attributable to current alcohol consumption.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the number of deaths attributable to current alcohol consumption levels in England and Wales by age and sex. DESIGN: Epidemiological approach using published relative risks and population data. SETTING: England and Wales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of deaths by age and sex and years of life lost for alcohol related conditions. RESULTS: Because of the cardioprotective properties of alcohol, it is estimated that there are approximately 2% fewer deaths annually in England and Wales than would be expected in a non-drinking population. This proportion varies greatly by age and sex and only among men aged over 55 years and women aged over 65 years is there likely to be found a net favourable mortality balance. It is also estimated that there were approximately 75 000 premature years of life lost in England and Wales in 1996 attributable to alcohol consumption. The main causes of alcohol attributable mortality among the young include road traffic fatalities, suicide and alcoholic liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: At a population level, current alcohol consumption in England and Wales may marginally reduce mortality. However, the benefit is disproportionately found among the elderly. Estimating alcohol attributable mortality by age and sex may be a useful indicator for developing alcohol strategies. More research into the possible effect modifications of pattern of consumption, beverage type, age and gender will enable these estimates to be improved

Development of an analytical method to predict helicopter main rotor performance in icing conditions

Historically, certification of a helicopter for flight into known icing conditions was a problem. This is because of the current emphasis on flight testing for verification of system performance. Flight testing in icing conditions is difficult because, in addition to being dangerous and expensive, many times conditions which are sought after cannot be readily found in nature. The problem is compounded for helicopters because of their small range in comparison to many fixed wing aircraft. Thus, helicopters are forced to wait for conditions to occur in a certain region rather than seeking them out. These and other drawbacks to flight testing prompted extreme interest in developing validated alternatives to flight testing. One such alternative is theoretical prediction. It is desirable to have the ability to predict how a helicopter will perform when subjected to icing conditions. Herein, calculations are restricted to the main rotor, and are illustrated. The computational tool used to obtain performance is the lifting line analysis of B65. B65 incorporates experimental data into data banks in order to determine the section lift, drag, and moment characteristics of various airfoils at different Mach numbers and angles of attack. The local flow angle is calculated at user specified radial locations. This flow angle, along with the local Mach number is then cross referenced with the airfoil tables to obtain the local section characteristics. The local characteristics are then integrated together to obtain the entire rotor attributes. Once the clean performance is known, characterization of the type and shape of ice which accretes on the rotor blades is obtained using the analysis of LEWICE. The Interactive Boundary Layer (IBL) method then calculates the 2-D characteristics of the iced airfoil for input into the airfoil data bank of B65. Calculations are restricted to natural ice shedding and it is assumed that no de-icing takes place. Once the new lift, drag, and moment characteristics are known for the entire blade radius, this information is fed into B65, where the iced performance is then calculated

Ongoing development of a computer jobstream to predict helicopter main rotor performance in icing conditions

Work is currently underway at the NASA Lewis Research Center to develop an analytical method for predicting the performance degradation of a helicopter operating in icing conditions. A brief survey is performed of possibilities available to perform such a calculation along with the reasons for choosing the present approach. A complete description of the proposed jobstream is given as well as a discussion of the present state of the development

Electrolyte management in porous battery components. Static measurements

The interaction between the porous hydrogen and nickel electrodes and microporous separator with respect to electrolyte management in nickel/hydrogen cells has been investigated. The distribution of electrolyte among the components has been measured and correlated with the pore size distributions, total void volume, and resistance of a variety of electrodes and separators. Calculations are used to show the effects of systematically varying these properties

Pore size engineering applied to the design of separators for nickel-hydrogen cells and batteries

Pore size engineering in starved alkaline multiplate cells involves adopting techniques to widen the volume tolerance of individual cells. Separators with appropriate pore size distributions and wettability characteristics (capillary pressure considerations) to have wider volume tolerances and an ability to resist dimensional changes in the electrodes were designed. The separators studied for potential use in nickel-hydrogen cells consist of polymeric membranes as well as inorganic microporous mats. In addition to standard measurements, the resistance and distribution of electrolyte as a function of total cell electrolyte content were determined. New composite separators consisting of fibers, particles and/or binders deposited on Zircar cloth were developed in order to engineer the proper capillary pressure characteristics in the separator. These asymmetric separators were prepared from a variety of fibers, particles and binders

An overview of shed ice impact in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel

One of the areas of active research in commercial and military rotorcraft is directed toward developing the capability of sustained flight in icing conditions. The emphasis to date has been on the accretion and subsequent shedding of ice in an icing environment, where the shedding may be natural or induced. Historically, shed-ice particles have been a problem for aircraft, particularly rotorcraft. Because of the high particle velocities involved, damage to a fuselage or other airframe component from a shed-ice impact can be significant. Design rules for damage tolerance from shed-ice impact are not well developed because of a lack of experimental data. Thus, NASA Lewis (LeRC) has begun an effort to develop a database of impact force and energy resulting from shed ice. This effort consisted of a test of NASA LeRC's Model Rotor Test Rig (MRTR) in the Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). Both natural shedding and forced shedding were investigated. Forced shedding was achieved by fitting the rotor blades with Small Tube Pneumatic (STP) deicer boots manufactured by BF Goodrich. A detailed description of the test is given as well as the design of a new impact sensor which measures the force-time history of an impacting ice fragment. A brief discussion of the procedure to infer impact energy from a force-time trace are required for the impact-energy calculations. Recommendations and future plans for this research area are also provided

Discrimination Between Mediated Facilitation and Mediated Inhibition Items

In a class of mediation paradigms investigated intensively by Schulz (1972), data suggested that subjects were capable of discriminating rapidly and accurately between mediated facilitation and mediated inhibition items. An experiment was conducted in which this discrimination was tested directly. Results showed the discrimination occurred