18 research outputs found
An algebraic/numerical formalism for one-loop multi-leg amplitudes
We present a formalism for the calculation of multi-particle one-loop
amplitudes, valid for an arbitrary number N of external legs, and for massive
as well as massless particles. A new method for the tensor reduction is
suggested which naturally isolates infrared divergences by construction. We
prove that for N>4, higher dimensional integrals can be avoided. We derive many
useful relations which allow for algebraic simplifications of one-loop
amplitudes. We introduce a form factor representation of tensor integrals which
contains no inverse Gram determinants by choosing a convenient set of basis
integrals. For the evaluation of these basis integrals we propose two methods:
An evaluation based on the analytical representation, which is fast and
accurate away from exceptional kinematical configurations, and a robust
numerical one, based on multi-dimensional contour deformation. The formalism
can be implemented straightforwardly into a computer program to calculate
next-to-leading order corrections to multi-particle processes in a largely
automated way.Comment: 71 pages, 7 figures, formulas for rank 6 pentagons added in Appendix
What we don't know about time
String theory has transformed our understanding of geometry, topology and
spacetime. Thus, for this special issue of Foundations of Physics commemorating
"Forty Years of String Theory", it seems appropriate to step back and ask what
we do not understand. As I will discuss, time remains the least understood
concept in physical theory. While we have made significant progress in
understanding space, our understanding of time has not progressed much beyond
the level of a century ago when Einstein introduced the idea of space-time as a
combined entity. Thus, I will raise a series of open questions about time, and
will review some of the progress that has been made as a roadmap for the
future.Comment: 15 pages; Essay for a special issue of Foundations of Physics
commemorating "Forty years of string theory
The effects of introducing the Amazonian squirrel monkey on the behavior of the northeast marmoset
Peixes da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, bacias dos Rios Tocantins e São Francisco, com observações sobre as implicações biogeográficas das "águas emendadas" dos Rios Sapão e Galheiros
Species composition and similarities among anuran assemblages of forest sites in southeastern Brazil
Effects of antibiotics in soil on the population dynamics of transposon Tn5 carrying Pseudomonas fluorescens
Effects of antibiotics in soil on the population dynamics of transposon Tn5 carrying Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: Scientific Evidence Regarding Clinical Impact, Diagnosis, And Treatment [infecção Por Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Em Pacientes Com Fibrose Cística: Evidências Científicas Sobre O Impacto Clínico, Diagnóstico E Tratamento]
Evidence-based techniques have been increasingly used in the creation of clinical guidelines and the development of recommendations for medical practice. The use of levels of evidence allows the reader to identify the quality of scientific information that supports the recommendations made by experts. The objective of this review was to address current concepts related to the clinical impact, diagnosis, and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. For the preparation of this review, the authors defined a group of questions that would be answered in accordance with the principles of PICO-an acronym based on questions regarding the Patients of interest, Intervention being studied, Comparison of the intervention, and Outcome of interest. For each question, a structured review of the literature was performed using the Medline database in order to identify the studies with the methodological design most appropriate to answering the question. The questions were designed so that each of the authors could write a response. A first draft was prepared and discussed by the group. Recommendations were then made on the basis of the level of scientific evidence, in accordance with the classification system devised by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, as well as the level of agreement among the members of the group.394495512Ratjen, F., Döring, G., Cystic fibrosis (2003) Lancet, 361 (9358), pp. 681-689. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12567-6Flume, P.A., O'Sullivan, B.P., Robinson, K.A., Goss, C.H., Mogayzel Jr., P.J., Willey-Courand, D.B., Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines: Chronic medications for maintenance of lung health (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 176 (10), pp. 957-969. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200705-664OC, PMid:17761616Ratjen, F.A., Cystic fibrosis: Pathogenesis and future treatment strategies (2009) Respir Care, 54 (5), pp. 595-605. , http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/aarc0427, PMid:19393104Lommatzsch, S.T., Aris, R., Genetics of cystic fibrosis (2009) Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 30 (5), pp. 531-538. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1238911, PMid:19760540Ratjen, F., Diagnosing and managing infection in CF Paediatr Respir Rev. 2006;7 Suppl, 1, pp. 151-153. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2006.04.217, PMid:16798546Govan, J.R., Deretic, V., Microbial pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis: Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia (1996) Microbiol Rev, 60 (3), pp. 539-574. , PMid:8840786 PMCid:239456Li, Z., Kosorok, M.R., Farrell, P.M., Laxova, A., West, S.E., Green, C.G., Longitudinal development of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and lung disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis (2005) JAMA, 293 (5), pp. 581-588. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.5.581, PMid:15687313Gibson, R.L., Burns, J.L., Ramsey, B.W., Pathophysiology and management of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 168 (8), pp. 918-951. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200304-505SO, PMid:14555458Deschaght, P., van Daele, S., de Baets, F., Vaneechoutte, M., PCR and the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in respiratory samples of CF patients. A literature review (2011) J Cyst Fibros, 10 (5), pp. 293-297. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2011.05.004, PMid:21684819Nixon, G.M., Armstrong, D.S., Carzino, R., Carlin, J.B., Olinsky, A., Robertson, C.F., Clinical outcome after early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (2001) J Pediatr, 138 (5), pp. 699-704. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.112897, PMid:11343046Henry, R.L., Mellis, C.M., Petrovic, L., Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a marker of poor survival in cystic fibrosis (1992) Pediatr Pulmonol, 12 (3), pp. 158-161. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.1950120306, PMid:1641272Taccetti, G., Campana, S., Festini, F., Mascherini, M., Döring, G., Early eradication therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients (2005) Eur Respir J, 26 (3), pp. 458-461. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00009605, PMid:16135728The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence, , http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653, CEBM Centre For Evidence Based Medicine [homepage on the Internet]. Oxford: University of Oxford. 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Diagnostic and prognostic significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa precipitins determined by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (1977) Scand J Respir Dis, 58 (2), pp. 65-79. , PMid:404701Brett, M.M., Ghoneim, A.T., Littlewood, J.M., Prediction and diagnosis of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: A follow-up study (1988) J Clin Microbiol, 26 (8), pp. 1565-1570. , Erratum in: J Clin Microbiol 1989;27(1):230. PMid:3139707 PMCid:266661West, S.E., Zeng, L., Lee, B.L., Kosorok, M.R., Laxova, A., Rock, M.J., Respiratory infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis: Early detection by serology and assessment of risk factors (2002) JAMA, 287 (22), pp. 2958-2967. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.22.2958, PMid:12052125Kappler, M., Kraxner, A., Reinhardt, D., Ganster, B., Griese, M., Lang, T., Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (2006) Thorax, 61 (8), pp. 684-688. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2005.049536, PMid:16449259 PMCid:2104684Tramper-Stranders, G.A., van der Ent, C.K., Slieker, M.G., Terheggen-Lagro, S.W., Teding van Berkhout, F., Kimpen, J.L., Diagnostic value of serological tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a large cystic fibrosis population (2006) Thorax, 61 (8), pp. 689-693. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2005.054726, PMid:16601093 PMCid:2104678Ratjen, F., Walter, H., Haug, M., Meisner, C., Grasemann, H., Döring, G., Diagnostic value of serum antibodies in early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients (2007) Pediatr Pulmonol, 42 (3), pp. 249-255. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.20562, PMid:17243185Weisner, A.M., Chart, H., Bush, A., Davies, J.C., Pitt, T.L., Detection of antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in serum and oral fluid from patients with cystic fibrosis (2007) J Med Microbiol, 56 (PART 5), pp. 670-674. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46833-0, PMid:17446292Pressler, T., Karpati, F., Granström, M., Knudsen, P.K., Lindblad, A., Hjelte, L., Diagnostic significance of measurements of specific IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa by three different serological methods (2009) J Cyst Fibros, 8 (1), pp. 37-42. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2008.08.002, PMid:18835753Milagres, L.G., Castro, T.L., Garcia, D., Cruz, A.C., Higa, L., Folescu, T., Antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis (2009) Pediatr Pulmonol, 44 (4), pp. 392-401. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21022, PMid:19283764Hayes Jr., D., Farrell, P.M., Li, Z., West, S.E., Pseudomonas aeruginosa serological analysis in young children with cystic fibrosis diagnosed through newborn screening (2010) Pediatr Pulmonol, 45 (1), pp. 55-61. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21083, PMid:20025049 PMCid:2924665Douglas, T.A., Brennan, S., Berry, L., Winfield, K., Wainwright, C.E., Grimwood, K., Value of serology in predicting Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in young children with cystic fibrosis (2010) Thorax, 65 (11), pp. 985-990. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2009.132845, PMid:20889526Wainwright, C.E., Vidmar, S., Armstrong, D.S., Byrnes, C.A., Carlin, J.B., Cheney, J., Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage-directed therapy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and structural lung injury in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized trial (2011) JAMA, 306 (2), pp. 163-171. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.954, PMid:21750293Littlewood, J.M., Miller, M.G., Ghoneim, A.T., Ramsden, C.H., Nebulised colomycin for early pseudomonas colonisation in cystic fibrosis (1985) Lancet, 1 (8433), p. 865. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)92222-6Valerius, N.H., Koch, C., Høiby, N., Prevention of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation in cystic fibrosis by early treatment (1991) Lancet, 338 (8769), pp. 725-726. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91446-2Munck, A., Bonacorsi, S., Mariani-Kurkdjian, P., Lebourgeois, M., Gérardin, M., Brahimi, N., Genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis after initial and subsequent colonization (2001) Pediatr Pulmonol, 32 (4), pp. 288-292. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.1121, PMid:11568989Gibson, R.L., Emerson, J., McNamara, S., Burns, J.L., Rosenfeld, M., Yunker, A., Significant microbiological effect of inhaled tobramycin in young children with cystic fibrosis (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (6), pp. 841-849. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200208-855OC, PMid:12480612Davidson, A.G., Chilvers, M.A., Lillquist, Y.P., Effects of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication policy in a cystic fibrosis clinic (2012) Curr Opin Pulm Med, 18 (6), pp. 615-621. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0b013e328358f5a2, PMid:22990661Ratjen, F., Munck, A., Kho, P., Angyalosi, G., ELITE Study Group. Treatment of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: The ELITE trial (2010) Thorax, 65 (4), pp. 286-291. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2009.121657, PMid:19996339Treggiari, M.M., Retsch-Bogart, G., Mayer-Hamblett, N., Khan, U., Kulich, M., Kronmal, R., Comparative efficacy and safety of 4 randomized regimens to treat early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with cystic fibrosis (2011) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 165 (9), pp. 847-856. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.136, PMid:21893650Langton Hewer, S.C., Smyth, A.R., Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (4), pp. CD004197. , PMid:19821321Collaco, J.M., Green, D.M., Cutting, G.R., Naughton, K.M., Mogayzel Jr., P.J., Location and duration of treatment of cystic fibrosis respiratory exacerbations do not affect outcomes (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182 (9), pp. 1137-1143. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201001-0057OC, PMid:20581166 PMCid:3001256Fuchs, H.J., Borowitz, D.S., Christiansen, D.H., Morris, E.M., Nash, M.L., Ramsey, B.W., Effect of aerosolized recombinant human DNase on exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis. 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Absorção de nutrientes e crescimento do arroz com suprimento combinado de amônio e nitrato¹
O arroz é classificado como uma planta tolerante ao amônio (NH4+) devido à predominância desse íon nos solos alagados. Entretanto, nas regiões oxidadas do solo e da rizosfera do arroz pode haver a formação de nitrato (NO3-) e esta se tornar importante fonte de N para cultura. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes proporções entre os íons NH4+ e NO3- no desenvolvimento do arroz em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2008, em solução nutritiva com as seguintes proporções entre NH4+ e NO3-: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100 na concentração de 5,0 mmol L-1 de N. Foi cultivado o genótipo IRGA 417 e avaliado o rendimento de biomassa, os teores de N, K, Ca e Mg na biomassa e na seiva do xilema. Houve toxidez por NH4+ nas proporções de 100:0 e 75:25 e por NO3- nas proporções de 25:75 e 0:100. Na proporção de 50:50 as plantas se desenvolveram normalmente. O suprimento combinado de NH4+ e NO3- aumentou a produção de biomassa em relação ao NH4+ e ao NO3- supridos isoladamente. O NH 4+ na solução reduziu os teores de Ca e Mg na biomassa, porém não influenciou o teor de N e o de K. Já na seiva do xilema houve redução nos teores de K, Ca e Mg, indicando que o NH4+ influenciou na absorção desses cátions. A quantidade total absorvida de N, K, Mg e Ca foi maior com o suprimento combinado de NH4+ e NO3-, indicando que, além de promover melhor desenvolvimento das plantas de arroz, aumenta a eficiência de absorção de nutrientes em relação ao suprimento isolado das duas formas de N