PERFIL DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS ANTINEOPLÁSICOS DO SERVIÇO DE ONCOLOGIA DO HOSPITAL ESCOLA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS

Ações judicias envolvendo medicamentos oncológicos são uma realidade crescente no Brasil, gerando grandes impactos orçamentários sobre a gestão pública. Devido ao alto valor empregado nesses medicamentos, bem como à alta complexidade que envolve o tratamento, é necessária uma análise técnica criteriosa para que se garanta a eficácia do tratamento, associada a um emprego justificado do dinheiro público. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o perfil das demandas judiciais atendidas no setor de oncologia do HE-UFPel, bem como o impacto financeiro que estas representaram aos cofres públicos. De janeiro de 2017 à agosto de 2019, o setor de oncologia atendeu a 146 decisões judiciais, representando um gasto total de aproximadamente de R$ 11.439.544,00 aos cofres públicos. Os medicamentos mais demandados judicialmente, por ordem decrescente, foram: bortezomibe, abiraterona, bevacizumabe, trastuzumabe, rituximabe e pazopanibe; sendo mieloma múltiplo, câncer de próstata, câncer colorretal, câncer de mama e renal os acometimentos mais prevalentes. Evidencia-se que, para a gestão pública, os efeitos são negativos uma vez que geram desajustes orçamentários e financeiros. O presente trabalho aponta problemas envolvidos no processo, bem como estratégias possíveis de serem aplicadas, a curto e longo prazo, pelos entes federativos, judiciários e assistenciais; de forma a minimizar as consequências negativas da judicialização ao mesmo tempo em que buscam garantir ao cidadão todos seus direitos previstos em lei

Intraperitoneal exposure to nano/microparticles of fullerene (C60) increases acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in adult zebrafish (danio rerio) brain

Even though technologies involving nano/microparticles have great potential, it is crucial to determine possible toxicity of these technological products before extensive use. Fullerenes C60 are nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and biological properties that are important for the development of many technological applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of nonphotoexcited fullerene C60 exposure in brain acetylcholinesterase expression and activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage using adult zebrafish as an animal model. None of the doses tested (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) altered AChE activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage when zebrafish were exposed to nonphotoexcited C60 nano/microparticles during 6 and 12 hours. However, adult zebrafish exposed to the 30 mg/kg dose for 24 hours have shown enhanced AChE activity and augmented lipid peroxidation (TBARS assays) in brain. In addition, the up-regulation of brain AChE activity was neither related to the transcriptional control (RT-qPCR analysis) nor to the direct action of nonphotoexcited C60 nano/microparticles on the protein (in vitro results) but probably involved a posttranscriptional or posttranslational modulation of this enzymatic activity. Taken together these findings provided further evidence of toxic effects on brain after C60 exposure

Biochemical responses and physiological status in the crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus ((Crustacea, Varunidae) from high anthropogenically-impacted estuary (Lenga, south-central Chile)

Estuarine environmental assessment by sub-individual responses is important in order to understand contaminant effects and to find suitable estuarine biomonitor species. Our study aimed to analyze oxidative stress responses, including glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) and lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) in estuarine crabs Hemigrapsus crenulatus from a high anthropogenically-impacted estuary (Lenga) compared to low and non-polluted estuaries (Tubul and Raqui), in a seasonal scale (winter–summer), tissue specific (hepatopancreas and gills) and sex related responses. Results showed that hepatopancreas in male crabs better reflected inter-estuary differences. Morpho-condition traits as Cephalothorax hepatopancreas index (CHI) could be used as an indicator of physiological status of estuarine crabs. Discriminant analysis also showed that GST and TBARS levels in summer are more suitable endpoints for establishing differences between polluted and non-polluted sites. These results suggest the importance of seasonality, target tissue, sex and physiological status of brachyuran crabs for estuarine biomonitoring assessment.Fil: Diaz Jaramillo, Mauricio Javier. Universidad de Concepción; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Química Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Socoowski Britto, Roberta. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BrasilFil: Pardo, Luis Miguel. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Monserrat, José María. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barra, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Química Ambiental; Argentin

The effects of co-exposure of graphene oxide and copper under different pH conditions in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Carbon nanomaterials (CNM), such as graphene oxide (GO), have been the focus of study in several areas of science mostly due to their physical-chemical properties. However, data concerning the potential toxic effects of these CNM in bivalves are still scarce. When present in the aquatic systems, the combination with other contaminants, as well as pH environmental variations, can influence the behavior of these nanomaterials and, consequently, their toxicity. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure of clam Ruditapes philippinarum to GO when acting alone and in the combination with copper (Cu), under two pH levels (control 7.8 and 7.3). A 28-day exposure was performed and metabolism and oxidative stress-related parameters were evaluated. The effects caused by GO and Cu exposures, either isolated or co-exposed, showed a direct and dependent relationship with the pH in which the organisms were exposed. In clams maintained at control pH (7.8), Cu and GO + Cu treatments showed lower lipid peroxidation (LPO) and lower electron transport system (ETS) activity, respectively. In clams maintained at low pH, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activities were increased in Cu and Cu + GO treatments, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were increased in Cu treatment and ETS activity was higher in GO + Cu. Thus, it can be observed that clams responses to Cu and GO were strongly modulated by pH in terms of their defense system and energy production, although this does not result into higher LPO levels.publishe