Structure and dynamics in glass-formers: predictability at large length scales

Dynamic heterogeneity in glass-formers has been related to their static structure using the concept of dynamic propensity. We re-examine this relationship by analyzing dynamical fluctuations in two atomistic glass-formers and two theoretical models. We introduce quantitative statistical indicators which show that the dynamics of individual particles cannot be predicted on the basis of the propensity, nor by any structural indicator. However, the spatial structure of the propensity field does have predictive power for the spatial correlations associated with dynamic heterogeneity. Our results suggest that the quest for a connection between static and dynamic properties of glass-formers at the particle level is vain, but they demonstrate that such connection does exist on larger length scales.Comment: 7 pages; 4 figs - Extended, clarified versio

Collective modes in relativistic npe matter at finite temperature

Isospin and density waves in neutral neutron-proton-electron (npe) matter are studied within a relativistic mean-field hadron model at finite temperature with the inclusion of the electromagnetic field. The dispersion relation is calculated and the collective modes are obtained. The unstable modes are discussed and the spinodals, which separate the stable from the unstable regions, are shown for different values of the momentum transfer at various temperatures. The critical temperatures are compared with the ones obtained in a system without electrons. The largest critical temperature, 12.39 MeV, occurs for a proton fraction y_p=0.47. For y_p=0.3 we get $T_{cr}$ =5 MeV and for y_p>0.495 $T_cr\lesssim 8$ MeV. It is shown that at finite temperature the distillation effect in asymmetric matter is not so efficient and that electron effects are particularly important for small momentum transfers.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Light clusters and the pasta phase

The effects of including light clusters in nuclear matter at low densities are investigated within four different parametrizations of relativistic models at finite temperature. Both homogeneous and inhomogeneous matter (pasta phase) are described for neutral nuclear matter with fixed proton fractions. We discuss the effect of the density dependence of the symmetry energy, the temperature and the proton fraction on the non-homogeneous matter forming the inner crust of proto-neutron stars. It is shown that the number of nucleons in the clusters, the cluster proton fraction and the sizes of the Wigner Seitz cell and of the cluster are very sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures; Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Core excitation in Ozone localized to one of two symmetry-equivalent chemical bonds - molecular alignment through vibronic coupling

Core excitation from terminal oxygen O$_T$ in O$_3$ is shown to be an excitation from a localized core orbital to a localized valence orbital. The valence orbital is localized to one of the two equivalent chemical bonds. We experimentally demonstrate this with the Auger Doppler effect which is observable when O$_3$ is core-excited to the highly dissociative O$_{T}$1s$^{-1}$7a$_1^1$ state. Auger electrons emitted from the atomic oxygen fragment carry information about the molecular orientation relative to the electromagnetic field vector at the moment of excitation. The data together with analytical functions for the electron-peak profiles give clear evidence that the preferred molecular orientation for excitation only depends on the orientation of one bond, not on the total molecular orientation. The localization of the valence orbital "7a$_1$" is caused by mixing of the valence orbital "5b$_2$" through vibronic coupling of anti-symmetric stretching mode with b$_2$-symmetry. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first discussion of the localization of a core excitation of O$_3$. This result explains the success of the widely used assumption of localized core excitation in adsorbates and large molecules

Instabilities in asymmetric nuclear matter

The existence of phase transitions from liquid to gas phases in asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM) is related with the instability regions which are limited by the spinodals. In this work we investigate the instabilities in ANM described within relativistic mean field hadron models, both with constant and density dependent couplings at zero and finite temperatures. In calculating the proton and neutron chemical potentials we have used an expansion in terms of Bessel functions that is convenient at low densities. The role of the isovector scalar $\delta$-meson is also investigated in the framework of relativistic mean field models and density dependent hadronic models. It is shown that the main differences occur at finite temperature and large isospin asymmetry close to the boundary of the instability regions.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Eco-Innovation Influencers: Unveiling the Role of Lean Management Principles Adoption

This study analyzes the determinant factors of eco-innovation, considering business units with dierent levels of technological intensity (high technology versus low technology). It aims, in the first instance, to complement the approach on the determinants of eco-innovation in the existent literature by incorporating the novelty related to the analysis of the eects arising from the adoption of the lean management principles. Specifically, it aims to analyze the eects of the previously referred to determinant factors both on the economic performance and on the innovative performance of Portuguese industrial and service companies with dierent levels of technological intensity (high-tech versus low-tech). The conceptual model presented is of an innovative nature, since it includes four groups of determinant factors present in the literature, namely technology, market, public policies, and cooperation relationships, and adds a fifth group of determinant factors still to be explored empirically concerning the adoption of lean management principles. In the empirical approach, five research hypotheses arising from the literature review are tested, using secondary data collected from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS)\u2014CIS 2010 for a total sample of 334 companies, made up of 95 high-tech companies and 239 low-tech companies. The conceptual model is tested using a logistic regression method, which indicated a suitable accuracy and reliability for the purposes of empirical tests. The empirical evidence confirms that most of the groups of determinants previously identified in the literature have a significant influence on eco-innovation. In addition, the empirical evidence obtained here indicates a positive and significant eect of lean management principles on eco-innovation

Água de chuva para consumo humano e produção de alimentos.

Água no Brasil e no Semi-Árido; tecnologias para captação de água de chuva

Captação de água de chuva: sustentabilidade ambiental no semi-árido brasileiro.

Este curso trata de introduzir o conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental nos programas de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Informação (PD&I) que envolvem as tecnologias de Captação de Água de Chuva. O acervo tecnológico hoje existente de convivência com adversidade agroecológica do semi-árido brasileiro é uma realidade, especialmente no tocante a captação, armazenamento e uso das águas pluviais para o consumo doméstico, face ao êxito do Programa cisternas do Ministério de Desenvolvimento Social, em parceria com a "Articulação do Semi-Árido - ASA". Entretanto, acredita-se que os atores envolvidos no processo, necessitam oferecer um segundo passo, tendo como princípio básico quatro linhas de gestão das águas. A primeira que aborde água potável para cada família (já em execução), a segunda considere a água comunitária, a terceira se preocupe com a água utilizada na agricultura familiar e a quarta atenda estrategicamente a água emergencial, visando a segurança alimentar por meio do acesso e manejo sustentáveis da terra e das águas de usos múltiplos. Para formatar as quatro linhas de gestão das águas, este curso considera o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável no sentido de garantir para as gerações futuras os recursos naturais escassos do semi-árido brasileiro e a sua convivência, relevante para a região. Assim, disserta-se em um primeiro momento o acervo tecnológico hoje existente, seguido da base conceitual sobre indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental a qualquer bacia, sub-bacia e/ou micro-bacia hidrográfica de regiões áridas e semi-áridas, exemplificando-se, finalmente, as experiências práticas, já realizadas, utilizando-se a metodologia proposta para a convivência com o semi-árido brasileiro.1 CD-RO

Coeficiente de escoamento superficial em diferentes áreas de captação de água de chuva.

Técnicas de captação e armazenamento de água de chuva são alternativas estruturais eficientes que podem amenizar o problema de escassez ou falta de água no Semiárido brasileiro, seja para o consumo humano de famílias rurais dispersas ou para reduzir os riscos da instabilidade climática no segmento da produção agrícola. Entre essas técnicas, a cisterna calçadão é uma das mais utilizadas, principalmente, a partir de 2007, quando contou com incentivos do governo federal, por meio do Programa Uma Terra e Duas Águas (P1+2). Neste programa, considera-se para a cisterna uma capacidade de armazenamento de 52 m3 e uma área de captação de água de chuva de 200 m2, independendo das médias históricas de precipitação. Assim, este estudo objetivou determinar o coeficiente de escoamento superficial de diferentes coberturas utilizadas como áreas de captação de água de chuva, situadas em campo experimental da Embrapa Semiárido. Os tipos de áreas de captação analisados foram cimentada, cobertura de polietileno e solo nu. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2012, observando-se que a área com cobertura de lona de polietileno foi a mais eficiente quanto ao volume escoado; no entanto, sua durabilidade foi de apenas dois anos