The nurse in the management of materials in teaching hospitals

OBJECTIVETo present the nurse's integration within materials management of six teaching hospitals of Paraná - Brazil, and to describe the activities performed by nurses within this process.METHODA study of a qualitative approach and descriptive nature, conducted in teaching hospitals in Paraná, between June and August of 2013. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight nurses who worked in materials management; data were analyzed using content analysis.RESULTSThese showed that nurses perform ten categories of activities, distributed into four of the five steps of the materials management process.CONCLUSIONThe nurse, in performing of these activities, in addition to favoring the development of participative management, contributes to the organization, planning, and the standardization of the hospital supply process, giving greater credibility to the work with professionals who use the materials, and to the suppliers

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity

Tendências e perspectivas da administração em enfermagem: Um estudo na Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte-MG Tendencias y perspectivas de la administración en enfermería un estudio en la Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>MG Trends and perspectives of nursing administration: a study in the "Santa Casa" Hospital of Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil

A Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte implantou um novo Sistema de Gestão que a caracterizou como uma organização flexível. Partindo desse contexto, delineamos como objetivos deste estudo: analisar a forma da administração em enfermagem, considerando a implantação do SIGESC; descrever como a equipe de enfermagem percebe a comunicação, o processo decisório e as relações interpessoais; identificar possíveis tendências e perspectivas presentes na prática administrativa desenvolvida. Evidenciamos um momento de transição da administração em enfermagem que apresenta traços da gerência clássica e da gerência contemporânea. Entretanto, sinalizamos tendências e perspectivas que poderão contribuir para a reorganização do processo de trabalho da enfermagem na área hospitalar.<br>La Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, implantó un nuevo Sistema de Gestión, caracterizándose como una organización flexible. Partiendo de este contexto, delimitamos como objetivos: analizar la forma de administración en enfermería, considerando la implementación del SIGESC; describir como el equipo de enfermería percibe la comunicación, el proceso de toma de decisiones y las relaciones interpersonales; identificar posibles tendencias y perspectivas presentes en la práctica administrativa desarrollada. Evidenciamos un momento de transición de la administración en enfermería que presenta trazos de la gerencia clásica y de la gerencia contemporánea. Por ahora, señalamos tendencias y perspectivas que podrán contribuir para la reorganización del proceso de trabajo de enfermería en el área hospitalaria.<br>The "Santa Casa" Hospital of Belo Horizonte has implemented a new management system that has characterized it as a flexible organization. Based on this context, the authors of this research defined the following objectives: to analyze nursing administration by considering the implementation of the Management System (SIGESC), to describe how the nursing team perceives communication, the decision-making process and interpersonal relationships, to identify possible trends and perspectives present in the administrative practice developed. A time of transition in nursing administration that presents characteristics of classical management and contemporaneous management was shown as well as trends and perspectives that will contribute to the reorganization of nursing work in hospitals

Aspectos culturais das práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde em áreas rurais

O cotidiano dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) é permeado de ações educativas direcionadas para os cuidados preventivos e promoção da saúde. O universo sociocultural deles pode influenciar a dinâmica da prática com a comunidade, especificamente nas áreas rurais, onde evidencia-se a expectativa da população em obter resposta aos processos relativos à doença por meio dos ritos culturais. A partir de um estudo de caso, buscou-se analisar a influência das práticas culturais dos agentes de uma área rural do interior de Minas Gerais. A análise revelou a presença de forte ligação da cultura em suas atividades. Crenças religiosas, saberes constituídos da fusão de conhecimentos biomédicos e valores baseados nas tradições familiares sobre o processo saúde-doença influenciam diretamente em suas práticas. Ressalta-se sua importância como facilitador do trabalho na saúde, sendo positiva a semelhança da experiência de vida e culturas herdadas com as dos usuários, dessa forma, torna-se possível o desenvolvimento de suas atividades