How to organise return handling; an exploratory study with nine retailer warehouses

Already for a long time retailers take back products. In this paper we explore the factors contributing to the decision of combining vs. separating inbound and outbound flows during the return handling process. We do so through a comparative analysis of the operations in nine retailer warehouses, which can be divided in three groups: food retailers, department stores and mail order companies. We identify both aggravating factors and facilitating actions for return handling. Furthermore, we bring about recommendations for practice. At the end we put forward propositions that are useful in feeding studies on return handling efficiency. In particular, we conjecture over the impact that return volume and product diversity have on the decision for combining vs. separating the reverse and forward flows.Case studies;Retailing;Inbound and outbound flows;Product returns;Return handling

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the hepatic lesions experimentally induced by Entamoeba dispar

The sequence of hepatic necrotic-inflammatory events produced by Entamoeba dispar are originally described in this work. For the first time the experimental lesions produced by E. dispar were described in details, as well as the distribution of the trophozoites detected by the immunohistochemistry. Animals experimentally infected with E. dispar presented necrosis, thrombosis and chronic granulomatous inflammation. Immunoreactive products derived from trofozoites were observed close or associated with trophozoites, epithelioid cells, leucocytes and hepatocytes. Few are the articles on the literature about virulence of E. dispar, which is approximately 9 times more frequent than to Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica). Variation in the virulence is therefore expected and signalizing the need of the continuity of studies with E. dispar strains from different places in the world. Taking into account that E. dispar is a closely related species to E. histolytica, these studies could determine new elements involved with E. histolytica pathogenesis, helping us to better understand the disease

Assessing the Effect of Plant Biostimulants and Nutrient-Rich Foliar Sprays on Walnut Nucleolar Activity and Protein Content (Juglans regia L.)

The cultivation of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) has become increasingly popular worldwide due to the nutritional value of the nuts. Plant biostimulants (PBs) and nutrient-rich products have been increasingly used in agriculture to improve yield, quality, and abiotic stress tolerance. However, farmers need fast laboratory studies to determine the most suitable treatment per crop or ecosystem to take full advantage of these products. Evaluating nucleolar activity and protein content can provide clues about the most appropriate treatment. This study aimed to determine how five commercial products, four PBs based on seaweed extract and/or free amino acids and one boron-enriched fertiliser used as foliar sprays, affect walnut cv's nucleolar activity and protein content. "Franquette" from an orchard located in NE Portugal was compared to untreated (control) plants. All treatments brought a low leaf mitotic index. The control showed the smallest nucleolar area, highest protein content, and highest frequency of nucleolar irregularities. Fitoalgas Green (R), Sprint Plus (R), and Tradebor (R) showed the highest nucleolar area and lowest frequencies of nucleolar irregularities. The recruitment of proteins/enzymes for response against abiotic stresses may explain the high protein content in the control. Hence, the enhanced abiotic stress tolerance of the treated trees explains their lower protein content and frequency of nucleolar anomalies. Globally, the Fitoalgas Green (R), Sprint Plus (R), and Tradebor (R) seem better suited for "Franquette" walnut trees under the edaphoclimatic conditions where trials were conducted.This research was funded by national funds provided by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) to CITAB (UIDB/04033/2020) and CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). This research was integrated in the Operational Group EGIS: Estratégias para uma gestão integrada do solo e da água em espécies produtoras de frutos secos activities funded by Portugal 2020 and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). The author Ana Carvalho thanks the funding attributed by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) with the reference DL 57/2016/CP1378/CT0003 (doi10.54499/DL57/ 2016/CP1378/CT0003), which allowed her to be hired by UTAD as a doctorate researcher through the D.L. no. 57/2016 and Law no. 57/2017.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genomic Template Stability assessed in almond trees of cv. ‘Vairo’ treated with biostimulants and boron-based fertilizers

Almond is highly produced in the NE of Portugal, where late frosts during flowering, low precipitation, and high temperature in summer affect productivity and quality. In addition to late-flowering cultivars, plant biostimulants (PBs) and boron-based fertilizers have been used to improve cell division, vegetative growth, photoassimilates rate, and nutritional status of almond trees. Despite the wide use of PBs in multiple food crops, the scientific evaluation of their effects is scarce. Our team previously analyzed the effects of PBs and boron-based fertilizers in the mitotic cell cycle of almonds and verified the intensification of cell division without significant anomalies. This work focused on the molecular characterization of three-years-old almond trees of cv. ‘Vairo’ was treated with two PBs (based on seaweed extract and free amino acids) and two boron-based fertilizers (applied on soil and leaves) in a rainfed orchard (NE Portugal) using leaf samples collected through the summer of 2019 in treated trees. Three monthly applications of individual PBs based on seaweed extract (AN), amino acids (AA), and boron ethanolamine (BE) and a unique application of boron on the soil (BS) were made. The molecular stability was assayed by comparing with untreated trees using ISSR, RAPD, IRAP, REMAP, and iPBS markers. The molecular data achieved in ‘Vairo,’ under the edaphoclimatic conditions where it was studied, revealed that AA, BE, or BS treatments induced higher molecular stability, corroborating our previous cytogenetic results.This work was supported by National Funds by the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UIDB/04033/2020. Author AC thanks to the FCT and UTAD for her contract as a researcher under the scope of D.L. no. 57/2016 of 29 August and Law no. 57/2017 of 19 July.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of almond trees treated with plant biostimulants or boron-based fertilizers

Almond is highly produced in the NE of Portugal, where late frosts during flowering, low precipitation, and high tempera- ture in summer affect productivity and quality. Despite the use of late-flowering cultivars, plant biostimulants (PBs) and boron-based fertilizers can also be used to improve cell division, vegetative growth, photoassimilates rate, and nutritional status. PBs are widely used in some food crops, but the evaluation of their effects is still scarce. We treated three-year- old almond trees of cv. ‘Vairo,’ growing in a rainfed orchard in the NE of Portugal, with four individual treatments: two PBs (based on seaweed extract and free amino acids) and two boron-based fertilizers (applied on soil and leaves). Three monthly applications of seaweed extract (AN), free amino acids (AA), and boron ethanolamine (BE) were made. A single application of boron on the soil (BS) was made. Leaf samples were collected in treated and untreated (control) trees in cytogenetic and molecular analyses through the summer of 2019. The mitotic cell cycle analysis was performed to prepare mesophyll dividing cells stained with silver nitrate, and the molecular stability was assessed with five marker systems. This work aimed to extrapolate which individual treatment conferred higher mitotic cell cycle regularity and molecular stability. The cytogenetic and molecular data achieved in the cv. ‘Vairo,’ under the edaphoclimatic conditions studied, revealed that the individual treatments AA, BE, or BS induced higher leaf mitotic indexes, regular mitosis, and molecular stability, which might increase the photosynthetic area and production.This research was funded by national funds provided by the FCT/MCTES (“Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior”) to the research units CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and CITAB (UIDB/04033/2020). The research was integrated in the activities of the Operational Group “EGIS: Estratégias para uma gestão integrada do solo e da água em espécies produtoras de frutos secos”, funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acoustic Black Holes from Abelian Higgs Model with Lorentz Symmetry Breaking

In this paper we derive acoustic black hole metrics in the (3+1) and (2+1)-dimensional Abelian Higgs model with Lorentz symmetry breaking. In this set up the sound waves lose the Lorentz boost invariance and suffer a 'birefringence' effect. We have found acoustic black holes and respective Hawking temperatures depending on the Lorentz violating parameter. Furthermore, we obtain an acoustic Kerr-like black hole metric with the Lorentz violating term affecting its rate of loss of mass. We also have shown that for suitable values of the Lorentz violating parameter a wider spectrum of particle wave function can be scattered with increased amplitude by the acoustic black hole.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, no figures, version accepted to Phys. Lett.

Leguminous cover crop to adapt olive rainfed orchards to climate change

Leguminous cover crops have the potential to contribute to soil protection against erosion and improve carbon sequestration, soil and water quality and might help agricultura! systems become more resilient to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a cover crop of self-reseeding annuallegumes of short growing cycle on physiological and biochemical responses of twenty-six-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Cobrançosa) grown under rainfed conditions, when compared with conventional tillage. The results showed that the leguminous cover crop ameliorates the physiological and biochemical performance of olive tree during the drought season, judging by the rise of net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the concentration of total phenols and for total antioxidant activity in leaves. ln addition, it was observed an increase on yield, size and weight of olive fruits. These results indicate that the use of well-designed, locally-tailored cover crop mixtures, associated with an appropriate mowing time, is a very promising strategy to implement in olive orchards under water scarcity. Thus, cover cropping is a win-win strategy as it increases farm benefits and provides ecosystem services.This work was funded by the INTERACT project- "Jntcgrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology", no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its !ines of research entitled ISAC, co-tinanced by the European Regional Devclopment Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 20 14/2020). SM (PD/BD/135327/2017), EM (PD/BD/128274/2017) and CB (PD/BD/52543/2014) acknowledge the financ ial support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundatíon for Science and Technology, under the Doctoral Programme "Agricultura] Production Chains- from fork to farm" (PD/00122/2012).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Use of kaolin as a summer stress alleviating product in olive orchards under rainfed conditions

In a changing world, where is expected the temperatures rising and the reduction in precipitation in some semi-arid areas of the globe, the search for new agronomic practices that help crops to maintain and/or increase yields and quality is a continuous challenge. Kaolin (KL) exogenous application has been considered a short-term solution to alleviate the adverse effects of summer stress. The formed particle film increases the reflection of excess radiation reducing the risk of leaf damage from heat load accumulation and solar injury. Olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cultivated under rainfed conditions were sprayed with KL (5%) during two consecutive years in the beginning of the summer season. In general, relatively to the control group, KL-sprayed plants showed an enhancement in leaf water status, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity and a reduction in leaf sclerophylly. In the severest period analyzed, at the end of the second-year summer, KL has lost the effectiveness of keeping gas exchange above the control measurements. However, in both years, allowed a faster restauration of the physiological functions in early autumn and contributed to higher crop yield. Overall, the results of the present investigation revealed that KL were effective in preventing the adverse effects of summer stress on crop performance and yield.Doctoral fellowship under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012) provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology to C. Brito (PD/BD/52543/2014). Institution CITAB, for its financial support through the European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A fertilização mineral com alta dose de azoto aumentou a produção de azeitona em olival de sequeiro, mas reduziu a matéria orgânica do solo em comparação com o uso de três corretivos orgânicos

Resíduos orgânicos de atividades domésticas ou agroindustriais devem ser reciclados, sendo o seu uso como corretivo de solo uma possibilidade interessante. Neste estudo, avaliouse durante quatro anos o efeito da aplicação de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), estrume de curral (EC), cinzas de biomassa suplementadas com azoto (C+N), fertilização inorgânica comum na região (50 kg ha-1 de N, P20 S e K20) como testemunha (T) e T suplementada com 70 kg N ha- 1 (dose elevada de azoto, N+) em olival de sequeiro gerido com mobilização tradicional. O tratamento W aumentou a produtividade em comparação com os outros tratamentos (+ 165% do que RSU), tendo o N disponível mostrado ser a principal razão, em estreita associação com os incrementos da atividade fotossintética e da dimensão da superfície assimiladora a partir do terceiro ano do estudo. Por outro lado, em geral, as árvores tratadas com corretivos orgânicos apresentaram taxas fotossintéticas líquidas similares às plantas que receberam fertilização mineral convencional. As aplicações de RSU e EC aumentaram o teor de matéria orgânica no solo, os níveis de fósforo e a capacidade de troca catiónica, deixando boas indicações para o futuro, embora tenham fornecido pouco N às éÍrvores. O tratamento W reduziu significativamente o teor de matéria orgânica no solo (-63% do que RSU), resultado atribuído em parte ao sistema de gestão do solo por não permitir o desenvolvimento de vegetação herbácea, mas também a um efeito conhecido como interação do N adicionado, aspeto que compromete a sustentabilidade dessa estratégia de fertilização. Embora os RSU e as cinzas de biomassa possam estar associados a riscos de contaminação ambiental com metais pesados, neste estudo os níveis de metais no solo ou nos tecidos das plantas não foram preocupantes, pelo que a sua utilização nos olivais pode ser recomendada embora os seus efeitos devam continuar a ser monitorizados.Este trabalho foi financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, no âmbito do projeto UIDB/04033/2020" e pelo Grupo Operacional Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas (Iniciativa ID 278).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mycorrhizal fungi were more effective than zeolites in increasing the growth of non-irrigated young olive trees

Four soil treatments, consisting of two commercial mycorrhizal fungi, one zeolite and an untreated control, were arranged in a factorial design with two foliar fertilization treatments, a foliar spray and a control to study the effects of commercial mycorrhizal fungi and zeolites on the growth of young, rainfed olive trees planted in very acidic soil. The concentrations in the plant tissues of most of essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and boron (B), did not significantly change with the soil treatments, whereas leaf N and B concentrations significantly increased with foliar fertilization. Leaf calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels were found to be much lower than their respective sufficiency ranges and increased with soil amendments, also giving positive outcomes for plant water status, photosynthetic activity and assimilation area. Ultimately, the mycorrhizal fungi increased the growth of the young trees, whereas the effect of zeolites was much smaller and not significantly different to the control. Thus, it seems that in this very acidic soil and under rainfed conditions, the major benefits for plants from the application of mycorrhizal fungi and zeolites were the alleviation of drought stress and tissue Ca and Mg disorders.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio