Epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose no Estado de Goiás. O Estado foi estratificado em três circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito foram amostradas aleatoriamente 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas, foi escolhido de forma aleatória um número pré-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 10.744 animais, provenientes de 900 propriedades. Em cada propriedade visitada aplicou-se um questionário epidemiológico para verificar o tipo de exploração e as práticas de criação e sanitárias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infecção pela doença. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e a confirmação dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo quando pelo menos um animal foi reagente às duas provas sorológicas. No estrato 1, a prevalência foi de 7,7% [4,7-10,7%] para propriedades, e de 1,4% [0,99-1,7%] para animais. No estrato 2, foi de 19,5% [15,0-24,0%] para propriedades e de 2,6% [2,0-3,1%] para animais. No estrato 3, foi de 21,4% [16,7-26,1] para propriedades e 4,3% [3,7-5,0%] para animais. A prevalência obtida para o Estado foi de 17,5% [14,9-20,2%] para propriedades e de 3,0% [2,7-3,3%] para animais. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco, segundo a análise multivariada, foram: compra de reprodutores a comerciantes de gado (OR = 2,06 [1,12-3,52]), ocorrência de abortos nos últimos 12 meses (OR = 5,83 [3,86-8,8]) e prática de vacinação contra brucelose (OR = 2,07 [1,38-3,09]). Tanto a ocorrência de aborto quanto a vacinação são, neste caso, consequência da presença de brucelose no rebanho. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTA study to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis in the State of Goiás was carried out. The State was divided in three regions. Three hundred herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals was sampled in each of these herds. A total of 10,744 serum samples from 900 herds were collected. In each herd, it was applied an epidemiological questionnaire focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were re-tested by the 2-Mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. For region 1, the herd prevalence was 7.7% [4.7-10.7%] and the animal prevalence was 1.4% [0.99-1.7%]. For region 2, the herd prevalence was 19.5% [15.0-24.0%] and the animal prevalence was 2.6% [2.0-3.1%]. For region 3, the herd prevalence was 21.4% [16.8-26.1%] and the animal prevalence was 4.3% [3.7-5.0%]. For the whole state, the herd prevalence was 17.5% [14.9-20.2%] and the animal prevalence was 3.0% [2.7-3.3%]. The multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with positive herds: purchase of breeding stock from cattle traders (OR = 2.06 [1.12-3.52]), occurrence of abortions over the last 12 months (OR = 5.83 [3.86-8.8]), and vaccination against brucellosis (OR = 2.07 [1.38-3.09]). Both the abortions and the vaccination are, in this case, a consequence of the herd being infected with brucellosis

Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a signifi cant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus’ biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoHV infections that deserve investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 would play a signifi cant role in cases of neurological disease where rabies was the presumptive clinical diagnosis. In addition, associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoHV infections were searched for. The approach adopted for conducting such investigations was based on the search for viral nucleic acids as well as classical virus isolation on tissues of cattle submitted to rabies diagnosis over a two-year Materials, Methods & Results: Brain tissue samples of 101 cattle originally submitted to rabies diagnosis were collected over a two year period (2009-2010) from various municipalities within the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty nine of these samples had the diagnosis of rabies confi rmed by standard laboratory diagnostic methods. Aliquots of tissues were submitted to DNA extraction and examined in search for genomes of bovine herpesviruses (BoHV) types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) by as well as for infectious virus. Bovine herpesvirus genomes were detected in 78/101 (77.2%) samples, in which BoHV-1 genomes were detected in 26/78 (25.7%), BoHV-5 genomes in 22/78 (21.8%) and mixed BoHV infections (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 genomes) were detected in 30/101 (29.7%) samples. In the 39 samples with confi rmed rabies diagnosis, BoHV-1 DNA was detected in 9/39 (23%), BoHV-5 DNA in 6/39 (15.4%) and mixed infections with both BoHV types in 16/39 (41%) samples. However, no infectious herpesvirus was recovered from any of the specimens examined. Discussion: The high prevalence of BoHV1 and BoHV-5 infections was evidenced in the sampled population, but the absence of infectious BoHVs indicate that these were not associated to the occurrence of the cases of encephalitis where rabies was the primary suspicion. In addition, no association was detected between occurrence of rabies and detection of BoHVs, since the frequency of detection of herpesvirus genomes did not signifi cantly differ between rabies-positive and rabies-negative samples. The detection of BoHV DNA in scattered areas of the brain with no infectious virus suggests that latency may take place in different regions of the brain

Detection of calicivirus from fecal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis in the West Central region of Brazil

The objective of this study was to describe the circulation of caliciviruses in the West Central region of Brazil and its correlation with children's gender and age, as well as with the year and months of the sample collection. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the human calicivirus genome in 1006 fecal samples that were collected in Goiânia (n = 696) and Brasília (n = 310). Viral RNA was detected in 8.6% of the samples. No significant difference in viral prevalence was found regarding gender, age or year of the sample. However, it was observed that in Goiânia, there is a higher incidence of caliciviruses from September to March. The analysis employing three primer pairs demonstrated that the Ni/E3 or JV12/13 primer pairs, which detect norovirus (NoV), detected 41 positive samples while the 289/290 primer pair, which detects NoV or sapovirus, detected the remaining 46 samples. Calicivirus circulates in the West Central region of Brazil and for better detection of this virus it is important to use more than one primer pair. Also, we conclude that the seasonality presented by this virus is related to higher humidity in the period

Molecular characterization of the NSP4 gene of human group A rotavirus samples from the West Central region of Brazil

Nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4), encoded by group A rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. The NSP4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes A-E. NSP4 genotypes A, B, and C have been detected in humans. In this study, the NSP4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different G and P genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of West Central region of Brazil was characterized. NSP4 gene of 153 rotavirus-positive fecal samples was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. For phylogenetic analysis, NSP4 nucleotide sequences of these samples were compared to nucleotide sequences of reference strains available in GenBank. Two distinct NSP4 genotypes could be identified: 141 (92.2%) sequences clustered with NSP4 genotype B, and 12 sequences (7.8%) clustered with NSP4 genotype A. These results reinforce that further investigations are needed to assess the validity of NSP4 as a suitable target for epidemiologic surveillance of rotavirus infections and vaccine development

Aspectos zoo-sanitários em caprinos de diferentes formas de exploração no sul de Goiás e Distrito Federal

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T13:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _disserta__o: 781474 bytes, checksum: 52f75481a2f00bd3f889f56596405fb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29Este trabalho visou conhecer alguns aspectos das infecções causadas por Leptospiras, Brucela, vírus da Leucose Enzoótica e da Febre Aftosa em 347 caprinos do sul de Goiás e Distrito Federal criados em diferentes formas de exploração. Foram pesquisados animais de ambos os sexos, estratificados em três faixas etárias (cria, recria e adultos). Para leptospirose verificou-se que 7,8% dos animais pesquisados apresentavam aglutininas frente e 15 sorotipos pesquisados pelo teste de aglutinação microscópica rápida. Foi encontrado maior número de reagentes no grupo de subsistência e/ou complementação (12,8%) seguindo-se o grupo de corte (7,8%) e o grupo leiteiro (3,3%). Ocorreram mais reagentes entre animais adultos (13,3%) que entre animais de recria (3,8%), e de cria (0,0%). L. autumnalis foi a mais freqüente (35,7%) seguida dos sorotipos ballum (21,4%), grippotyphose (17,9%), hardjo (14,3%), sejroe (7,1%) e pyrogenes (3,7%). Para brucelose, a soroaglutinação lenta mostrou apenas duas (0,5%) reações com título 1:25, suspeito, pertinentes ao grupo de corte. Não foram encontrados reagentes ao vírus de leucose enzoótica pela pela imunodifusão em gel-agar. Quanto à febre aftosa, verificou-se que 2,3% das amostras testadas pela imunodifusão em gel-agar apresentavam anticorpos anti-VIA, ocorrendo com maior freqüência no grupo de corte (3,5%) que no de subsistência (2,8%) ou no leiteiro (0,8%). Todos os animais (100,0%) reagentes estavam incluídos entre os animais adultos

ARTRITE ENCEFALITE CAPRINA: IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ANIMAIS SOROPOSITIVOS NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

Soros sangüíneos de 29 caprinos do plantel de animais da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Goiás foram colhidos para análise quanto à presença de anticorpos para o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina (CAE), após ser realizada necropsia de uma fêmea que veio a óbito três meses após o parto demonstrando sinais clínicos e achados macroscópicos compatíveis com a infecção pelo CAEV. Dos animais colhidos, oito apresentavam aumento de volume articular ao exame clínico, sete machos reprodutores e o restante de fêmeas em idade adulta. O soro obtido foi submetido à pesquisa de anticorpos anti-gp135 e anti-gp28 pelo teste de imunodifusão em gel ágar. Dez animais (34,5%) foram positivos para CAE e outros dez considerados suspeitos. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a presença da infecção no plantel e destacam a necessidade de testes sorológicos dos caprinos do Estado de Goiás para uma avaliação da situação desta enfermidade no Estado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: CAE, CAEV, caprinos, IDGA

Identificação e pesquisa de Rickettsia spp. em carrapatos colhidos em cães e equinos em Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brasil

Objetivando verificar a presença de carrapatos vetores em um soposto foco de febre maculosa em Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brasil, colheu-se carrapatos em 14 propriedades rurais e em cães da área urbana da cidade. Os carrapatos foram colhidos por todo corpo dos animais, identificados e submetidos ao PCR para detecção da presença de DNA de Rickettsia sp. Das propriedades rurais foram colhidos 675 exemplares de carrapatos (seis larvas, 79 ninfas e 587 adultos) parasitando eqüinos no meio rural de Quirinópolis, entre fevereiro e março de 2007. Os carrapatos adultos foram caracterizados como de três espécies: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (55 fêmeas e 17 machos), Dermacentor nitens (274 fêmeas e 235 machos) e Amblyomma cajennense (cinco fêmeas e um macho). Este último foi observado em uma (7,1%) propriedade. Observou-se 1% de A. cajennense em relação ao total de carrapatos adultos, considerando 292 eqüinos. Os 89 carrapatos adultos (17 machos e 72 fêmeas) colhidos em 24 cães errantes urbanos foram caracterizados como pertencentes à espécie Rhipicephalus sanguineus, igualmente aos 20 carrapatos adultos (4 machos e 16 fêmeas) colhidos em dois cães na residência de um suspeito caso de FM ocorrido em Quirinópolis. A presença de DNA riquetsial não foi observada ao PCR em nenhum dos carrapatos colhidos. O principal vetor de FM foi identificado na região alvo do estudo. Sugere-se que futuros estudos devem abranger também ectoparasitos de vida livre, maior número de amostras, melhor distribuição das amostras no território de Goiás e que abranja também o ambiente silvestre, a fim de se constatar a real ausência de vetores infectados com Rickettsia sp