158 research outputs found
The Etiology of Science Performance: Decreasing Heritability and Increasing Importance of the Shared Environment From 9 to 12 Years of Age
During childhood and adolescence, increases in heritability and decreases in shared environmental influences have typically been found for cognitive abilities. A sample of more than 2,500 pairs of twins from the Twins Early Development Study was used to investigate whether a similar pattern would be found for science performance from 9 to 12 years. Science performance was based on teacher-assessed U.K. National Curriculum standards. Science at 9 years showed high heritability (64%) and modest shared environmental (16%) estimates. In contrast to the expected developmental pattern, heritability was significantly lower at 12 years (47%) and shared environmental influences were significantly higher (32%). Understanding what these increasingly important shared environmental influences are could lead to interventions that encourage engagement in science throughout the lifespan
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Designing digital texts for beginner readers: performance, practice and process
This illustrated chapter describes the role of research in typography and graphic communication and in information design, that is relevant to the design and use of materials for childrenâs reading. By âdesignâ in this context we mean âtypographyâ (which is the visual organisation of type and pictures on paper or screen), and âprocessâ (the ways in which design is developed in order to make sure that what is designed works for its intended reader group). We summarise issues that designers consider when they are producing reading materials for beginning and emerging readers, including the constraints imposed by technology. We suggest ways of engaging with users of e-books so that their needs can be considered. We conclude by summarising the typographic parameters that are likely to benefit childrenâs reading
Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
77th Meeting (1907
Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
95th Meeting (1927
Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
92nd Meeting (1924
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