The dramatic works of the right honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan

440 p

Mass spectrometry of substituuted-amino five membered heterocycles.

The electron impact mass spectral behaviour of 2-[acyl(alkyl)amino]oxazoles has been investigated. When the acyl group is aliphatic, the major fragment ions arise either from cleavage of the substituent or fragmentation of the nucleus with simultaneous elimination of a hydroxyl radical. The elimination of a heterocyclic atom in this way is diagnostic, but does not occur from the molecular ion. Analysis with compounds containing a deuterium label has confirmed that the hydrogen lost in the elimination originates from both a site on the N-alkyl chain and a position adjacent to the carbonyl group. A mechanism accounting for the 1 : 1 participation of these hydrogen atoms is suggested. For alpha,o-bis [N-acyl-N-(4-methyloxazol-2-yl) amino] -alkanes the elimination of a hydroxyl radical depends on the length of the methylene bridge and for 2--dialkylamino-oxazoles the elimination occurs also from the molecular ion. Although the presence of 5-alkyl substituents does not affect the fragmentation of 2-[acyl(alkyl)amino]-oxazoles, introduction of oxygen into the 5-substituent effects significant changes in mass spectral behaviour; these are detailed for various groupings. N-Butyl-N-(4-methyloxazol-2-yl)benzamides only lose a hydroxyl radical following extrusion of carbon monoxide. A correlation between the ratio of the relative abundance of the molecular ion to that of the acylium ion, and the substituent o constants of groups in the aromatic ring is observed for these molecules at an ionising voltage of 10 eV. The electron impact mass spectral behaviour of further five-membered heterocycles containing an acyl-(alkyl)amino-substituent has also been investigated. Minimal ring scission is observed for compounds with one heteroatom in the ring. 2-[Acyl(alkyl)amino] thiazoles show elimination of an [SH] radical, whilst isothiazoles only show the elimination when the acylamino-substituent is adjacent to the sulphur atom. Thiazoles and oxadiazoles show the loss of methyl cyanide from the ring in addition to the loss of either [SH] or [OH] radicals. Elimination of nitrogen is only observed for a tetrazole compound. Some one hundred and twenty mass spectra are discussed, and representative examples of one quarter of these are appended (as low resolution spectra) for reference

The Rivals: A Comedy

The Rivals is a comedy of manners by Richard Brinsley Sheridan in five acts which was first performed at Covent Garden Theatre on 17 January 1775. Translated and adapted by John Bellomo from the Larpent Manuscript

The rivals, a comedy. As it is acted at the Theatre-Royal in Covent-Garden

x, 100 p. ; 22 cm. First edition. The epilogue follows the prologue, where it seems to belong, though the last page has the catch word "Epi--". Signatures: AÄ, aÄ, B-NÄ, OÂ. For description of the 1st and following editions. cf. Prof. J. Q. Adams' edition of The Rivals. 1910, p. xxii-xxvi, and his article in Modern language notes, v.25, p. 171. Pages 50 & 51 very faded

Trends in Well-Being Among Youth in Australia, 2017-2022

Importance: Little is known about temporal trends in children's well-being and how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the well-being of young Australians. Certain demographic groups may be more vulnerable to experiencing declines in well-being. Objective: To examine well-being trends over 6 consecutive years among South Australian students and explore the influence of sociodemographic characteristics. Design, setting, and participants: Longitudinal analyses of annual (2017 to 2022) cross-sectional data of students in grades 4 through 9 (n = 40 392 to 56 897 per year) attending South Australian government schools from the Well-being and Engagement Collection (WEC) census. Exposures: Calendar year (2017-2022) and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, school grade, parental education, language spoken at home, residential region) from school enrollment records. Main outcomes and measures: Students self-reported life satisfaction, optimism, happiness, cognitive engagement, emotional regulation, perseverance, worry, and sadness. Results: Over 6 years (2017 to 2022), a total of 119 033 students (mean [SD] age, 12.1 y; 51.4% male) participated in this study. Most well-being measures declined over time, with consistent worsening of well-being from 2020 onward. For example, compared with 2017, sadness was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.25-0.27) points higher in 2020 (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.27) and remained elevated by more than 0.26 points (SMD, 0.27) in 2021 and 2022. At almost every time point, greatest well-being was reported by students of male sex (except cognitive engagement and perseverance), in earlier school grades, with highest parental education, speaking a language other than English at home, and residing in outer regional and remote settings (for satisfaction, optimism, and emotional regulation). Sociodemographic differences in well-being were generally consistent over time; however, sex differences widened from 2020 for all indicators except cognitive engagement and perseverance. For example, between 2017 and 2022, sadness increased by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.25-0.29) more points among females than males (SMD, 0.28). Conclusions and relevance: In this longitudinal analysis of annual census data, there were downward trends in students' well-being, especially since 2020. The largest sociodemographic disparities were observed for students of female sex, those in later school grades, and those with lowest parental education. Urgent and equitable support for the well-being of all young people, particularly those facing disparity, is imperative.Dorothea Dumuid, Ben Singh, Jacinta Brinsley, Rosa Virgara, Rachel G. Curtis, Sally Brinkman, Carol A. Mahe

Infectious disease management in primary care: perceptions of GPs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is important to keep the level of antibiotic prescribing low to contain the development of resistant bacteria. This study was conducted to reveal new knowledge about how GPs think in relation to the prescribing of antibiotics - knowledge that could be used in efforts toward rational treatment of infectious diseases in primary care. The aim was to explore and describe the variations in GPs' perceptions of infectious disease management, with special reference to antibiotic prescribing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty GPs working at primary care centres in a county in south-west Sweden were purposively selected based on the strategy of including GPs with different kinds of experience. The GPs were interviewed and perceptions among GPs were analysed by a phenomenographic approach.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Five qualitatively different perceptions of infectious disease management were identified. They were: (A) the GP must help the patient to achieve health and well-being; (B) the management must meet the GP's perceived personal, professional and organisational demands; (C) restrictive antibiotic prescribing is time-consuming; (D) restrictive antibiotic prescribing can protect the effectiveness of antibiotics; and (E) patients benefit personally from restrictive antibiotic prescribing.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Restrictive antibiotic prescribing was considered important in two perceptions, was not an issue as such in two others, and was considered in one perception although the actual prescribing was greatly influenced by the interaction between patient and GP. Accordingly, to encourage restrictive antibiotic prescribing several aspects must be addressed. Furthermore, different GPs need various kinds of support. Infectious disease management in primary care is complex and time-consuming, which must be acknowledged in healthcare organisation and planning.</p

Knowledge systems, health care teams, and clinical practice: a study of successful change

Clinical teams are of growing importance to healthcare delivery, but little is known about how teams learn and change their clinical practice. We examined how teams in three US hospitals succeeded in making significant practice improvements in the area of antimicrobial resistance. This was a qualitative cross-case study employing Soft Knowledge Systems as a conceptual framework. The purpose was to describe how teams produced, obtained, and used knowledge and information to bring about successful change. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to maximize variation between cases. Data were collected through interviews, archival document review, and direct observation. Individual case data were analyzed through a two-phase coding process followed by the cross-case analysis. Project teams varied in size and were multidisciplinary. Each project had more than one champion, only some of whom were physicians. Team members obtained relevant knowledge and information from multiple sources including the scientific literature, experts, external organizations, and their own experience. The success of these projects hinged on the teams' ability to blend scientific evidence, practical knowledge, and clinical data. Practice change was a longitudinal, iterative learning process during which teams continued to acquire, produce, and synthesize relevant knowledge and information and test different strategies until they found a workable solution to their problem. This study adds to our understanding of how teams learn and change, showing that innovation can take the form of an iterative, ongoing process in which bits of K&I are assembled from multiple sources into potential solutions that are then tested. It suggests that existing approaches to assessing the impact of continuing education activities may overlook significant contributions and more attention should be given to the role that practical knowledge plays in the change process in addition to scientific knowledge