A review and comparison of methodologies

Funding Information: This work received national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the Research units CENSE “Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research”, (PTDC/CTA-AMB/6587/2020) and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/ 50006/2020). FCT is also acknowledged for J. Brinco (UI/BD/150867/2021) fellowship, and P. Guedes Contract established under Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/01969/2020). This research is anchored at RESOLUTION LAB, an infrastructure at NOVA School of Science and Technology. Funding Information: This work received national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the Research units CENSE “Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research”, (PTDC/CTA-AMB/6587/2020) and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/ 50006/2020). FCT is also acknowledged for J. Brinco (UI/BD/150867/2021) fellowship, and P. Guedes Contract established under Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/01969/2020). This research is anchored at RESOLUTION LAB, an infrastructure at NOVA School of Science and Technology. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)This work reviews recently developed methodologies for multiclass pesticide residue analysis in soil and evaluates them under the focus of Green Analytical Chemistry principles, cost and time. Different extraction, clean-up and determination techniques are highlighted. QuEChERS was found to be the dominant form of extraction reported, although extractions using pressurized fluid, ultrasound and simple solid–liquid partitioning are still widely employed. GC–MS and LC-MS remain the standard analytical techniques, with the latter becoming more prevalent due to its greater versatility in analysing different chemical classes of pesticide residues, namely poorly volatile compounds. A selection of twelve representative methods was compared using the analytical eco-scale and AGREE metrics, as well as in terms of instrumental and operational cost, and time. The analysis shows that the choice of reagents and other operational parameters are more important towards the greenness of a method than the extraction and determination techniques used, but cost and time are more dependent on the techniques themselves.publishersversionpublishe

Chemical and Functional Characterization of Extracts from Leaves and Twigs of Acacia dealbata

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DCMC as a promising alternative to bentonite in white wine stabilization. Impact on protein stability and wine aromatic fraction

Protein haze in white wine is one of the most common non-microbial defects of commercial wines, with bentonite being the main solution utilized by the winemaking industry to tackle this problem. Bentonite presents some serious disadvantages, and several alternatives have been proposed. Here, an alternative based on a new cellulose derivative (dicarboxymethyl cellulose, DCMC) is proposed. To determine the efficiency of DCMC as a bentonite alternative, three monovarietal wines were characterized, and their protein instability and content determined by a heat stability test (HST) and the Bradford method, respectively. The wines were treated with DCMC to achieve stable wines, as shown by the HST, and the efficacy of the treatments was assessed by determining, before and after treatment, the wine content in protein, phenolic compounds, sodium, calcium, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the wine pH. DCMC applied at dosages such as those commonly employed for bentonite was able to reduce the protein content in all tested wines and to stabilize all but the Moscatel de Setúbal varietal wine. In general, DCMC was shown to induce lower changes in the wine pH and phenolic content than bentonite, reducing the wine calcium content. Regarding which VOCs are concerned, DCMC produced a general impact similar to that of bentonite, with differences depending on wine variety. The results obtained suggest that DCMC can be a sustainable alternative to bentonite in protein white wine stabilizationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dcmc as a promising alternative to bentonite in white wine stabilization. Impact on protein stability and wine aromatic fraction

Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry—LAQV, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES [UID/QUI/50006/2020] and the project [UIDB/05183/2020], CENSE (Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research), which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/AMB/04085/2020), and LEAF, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (LEAF UID/AGR/04129/2020). This research was also anchored by the RESOLUTION LAB, an infrastructure at NOVA School of Science and Technology. DG was financed by a PhD grant: DFA/BD/5529/2020.Protein haze in white wine is one of the most common non-microbial defects of commercial wines, with bentonite being the main solution utilized by the winemaking industry to tackle this problem. Bentonite presents some serious disadvantages, and several alternatives have been pro-posed. Here, an alternative based on a new cellulose derivative (dicarboxymethyl cellulose, DCMC) is proposed. To determine the efficiency of DCMC as a bentonite alternative, three monovarietal wines were characterized, and their protein instability and content determined by a heat stability test (HST) and the Bradford method, respectively. The wines were treated with DCMC to achieve stable wines, as shown by the HST, and the efficacy of the treatments was assessed by determining, before and after treatment, the wine content in protein, phenolic compounds, sodium, calcium, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the wine pH. DCMC applied at dosages such as those commonly employed for bentonite was able to reduce the protein content in all tested wines and to stabilize all but the Moscatel de Setúbal varietal wine. In general, DCMC was shown to induce lower changes in the wine pH and phenolic content than bentonite, reducing the wine calcium content. Regarding which VOCs are concerned, DCMC produced a general impact similar to that of bentonite, with differences depending on wine variety. The results obtained suggest that DCMC can be a sustainable alternative to bentonite in protein white wine stabilization.publishersversionpublishe

DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA DE CIRIGUELA DO NORTE DO ESPÍRITO SANTO

Os frutos da ciriguela (Spondias purpurea L.) são muito apreciados devido à excelente qualidade organoléptica, gerando contínuo aumento do consumo do fruto in natura ou processado na forma de diversos produtos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a divergência genética entre plantas de ciriguela do Norte do Espírito Santo, com bases em caracteres físicos e químicos. Foram selecionados 10 frutos (cor vermelha predominante) de 17 plantas das cidades de São Mateus, Linhares, Sooretama e Montanha. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância inteiramente ao acaso (ANOVA) para investigar a variabilidade entre as plantas. Com os resultados, observou-se que existe divergência genética entre as plantas para todos caracteres avaliados, e a mais divergente é a Planta 1. O método hierárquico UPGMA e o método de otimização Tocher foram parcialmente concordantes na formação dos grupos heteróticos das plantas. Os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram MP (39,65%), e MF (31,67%)

Correlations between the physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of fruit of the red mombin=Correlações entre características físicas, químicas e físicoquímicas de frutos de cirigueleira

The red mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) is a tropical plant of the Anacardiaceae family, which produces drupe-type fruit and which, due to its organoleptic quality, is highly appreciated in various regions of Brazil, especially in the Northeast. Although the species shows potential, research aimed at generating technologies that would enable optimisation of commercial crops is rare, so that studies related to the selection of productive mother plants, whose fruits have desirable characteristics, are important. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of fruit of the red mombin, through estimates of phenotypic, genotypic and canonical correlations. In March of 2015, ripe fruit was collected from 17 mombin trees located in the north of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Ten fruits were selected per plant, all in a similar satisfactory condition of physiological maturity, being assessed individually. The characteristics under evaluation were fruit length and diameter; length to diameter ratio; weight of the stone, pulp and fruit; pulp yield, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and ratio (SS/ TA). The data were submitted to analysis of variance, followed by analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between the evaluated characteristics, as well as the canonical correlation between the physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics. The results indicate that improvements in pulp yield can be obtained through the selection of fruits of a larger size, with better tasting fruits being more easily selected based on the titratable acidity.= A cirigueleira (Spondias purpurea L.) é uma fruteira tropical pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, que produz fruto do tipo drupa e, devido a sua qualidade organoléptica, é muito apreciado em várias regiões do Brasil, sobretudo no Nordeste. Embora a espécie apresente potencial, pesquisas visando à geração de tecnologias que permitam a otimização de cultivos comerciais são escassas, tornando-se importante os estudos relacionados à seleção de plantas matrizes produtivas, cujos frutos apresentem características desejáveis. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a relação entre as características físicas, químicas e físico-químicas de frutos de cirigueleira, por meio de estimativas de correlações fenotípicas e genotípicas, bem como correlações canônicas. Em março de 2015, frutos maduros foram coletados em 17 cirigueleiras localizadas na região Norte do Espírito Santo. Para isso, foram selecionados 10 frutos por planta, todos em condições similares e satisfatórias de maturação fisiológica, sendo avaliados individualmente. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento e diâmetro do fruto, relação comprimento/diâmetro, massa do caroço, da polpa e do fruto, rendimento de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e ratio (SS/AT). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, em seguida, efetuaram-se as análises de correlação fenotípica e genotípica entre todas as características avaliadas, bem como as correlações canônicas entre características físicas, químicas e físico-químicas. Os resultados permitem afirmar que melhoras no rendimento de polpa podem ser obtidas por meio da seleção de frutos de maior tamanho; e frutos de melhor sabor serão mais facilmente selecionados com base na acidez titulável

Increased Production of Pathogenic, Airborne Fungal Spores upon Exposure of a Soil Mycobiota to Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollutants

ABSTRACT Organic pollutants are omnipresent and can penetrate all environmental niches. We evaluated the hypothesis that short-term (acute) exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants could increase the potential for fungal virulence. Specifically, we analyzed whether pentachlorophenol and triclosan pollution results in the production of airborne fungal spores with greater virulence than those derived from an unpolluted (Control) condition. Each pollutant altered the composition of the community of airborne spores compared to the control, favoring an increase in strains with in vivo infection capacity (the wax moth Galleria mellonella was used as an infection model). Fungi subsisting inside larvae at 72 h postinjection with airborne spore inocula collected in polluted and unpolluted conditions exhibited comparable diversity (mainly within Aspergillus fumigatus). Several virulent Aspergillus strains were isolated from larvae infected with the airborne spores produced in a polluted environment. Meanwhile, strains isolated from larvae injected with spores from the control, including one A. fumigatus strain, showed no virulence. Potential pathogenicity increased when two Aspergillus virulent strains were assembled, suggesting the existence of synergisms that impact pathogenicity. None of the observed taxonomic or functional traits could separate the virulent from the avirulent strains. Our study emphasizes pollution stress as a possible driver of phenotypic adaptations that increase Aspergillus pathogenicity, as well as the need to better understand the interplay between pollution and fungal virulence. IMPORTANCE Fungi colonizing soil and organic pollutants often meet. The consequences of this encounter constitute an outstanding question. We scrutinized the potential for virulence of airborne fungal spores produced under unpolluted and polluted scenarios. The airborne spores showed increased diversity of strains with higher infection capacity in Galleria mellonella whenever pollution is present. Inside the larvae injected with either airborne spore community, the surviving fungi demonstrated a similar diversity, mainly within Aspergillus fumigatus. However, the isolated Aspergillus strains greatly differ since virulence was only observed for those associated with a polluted environment. The interplay between pollution and fungal virulence still hides many unresolved questions, but the encounter is costly: pollution stress promotes phenotypic adaptations that may increase Aspergillus pathogenicity