45 research outputs found

    High activity of an indium alkoxide complex toward ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters

    Full text link
    An indium complex supported by a ferrocene-derived Schiff base ligand has an unprecedented high activity toward ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, and β-butyrolactone. l-Lactide, d,l-lactide, and trimethylene carbonate polymerizations also showed moderate to high activity

    Nucleophilicity of Neutral versus Cationic Magnesium Silyl Compounds

    Get PDF
    Charge and ancillary ligands affect the reactivity of monomeric tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl magnesium compounds. Diamine-coordinated (tmeda)Mg{Si(SiMe3)3}Me (tmeda = tetramethylethylenediamine; 2-tmeda) and (dpe)Mg{Si(SiMe3)3}Me (dpe =1,2-N,N-dipyrrolidenylethane; 2-dpe) are synthesized by salt elimination reactions of L2MgMeBr and KSi(SiMe3)3. Compounds 2-tmeda or 2-dpe react with MeI or MeOTf to give MeSi(SiMe3)3 as the product of Si–C bond formation. In contrast, 2-tmeda and 2-dpe undergo exclusively reaction at the magnesium methyl group with electrophiles such as Me3SiI, B(C6F5)3, HB(C6F5)2, and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. These reactions provide a series of neutral, zwitterionic, and cationic magnesium silyl compounds, and from this series we have found that silyl group transfer is less effective with cationic magnesium compounds than neutral complexes

    ROP duale : un concept innovant pour la polymérisation de carbonates biosourcés à partir de complexes métalliques originaux

    No full text
    Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université de Rennes 1Jury : S. Dagorne, F. Peruch, D. Bourissou, L. Maron, J.-F. Carpentier, S. Guillaum

    Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la FAAH potentiellement utilisables dans le traitement du cancer de la prostate

    No full text
    Le cancer de la prostate est le cancer en incidence le plus fréquent chez l'homme : en effet, plus de 40 000 nouveaux cas sont diagnostiqués chaque année en France, soit 25 % de l'ensemble des nouveaux cas de cancers masculins. Avec près de 10 000 décès par an, il représente la deuxième cause de décès par cancer chez l'homme après le cancer du poumon et son incidence clinique est en nette progression dans les pays industrialisés, puisque la mortalité liée au cancer prostatique a augmenté de plus de 23 % au cours des vingt dernières années. Il résulte d'une prolifération anarchique de cellules anormales au sein du tissu prostatique. Ces cellules dérivent toutes d'un même clone, cellule initiatrice du cancer qui a acquis certaines caractéristiques lui permettant d'ignorer les signaux régulateurs de croissance et de croître de manière incontrôlée. Les traitements actuels, basés sur l'utilisation d'anticancéreux classiques, présentent de nombreux effets secondaires, tels qu'un manque de sélectivité et une toxicité importante. De plus, ils se révèlent totalement inefficaces au stade hormono-indépendant de la maladie (échappement au traitement). Une des voies de recherche envisagées pour traiter le cancer de la prostate à ce stade repose sur l'obtention de nouvelles molécules capables d'amener progressivement les cellules cancéreuses prostatiques vers une mort programmée et de cibler plus particulièrement les cellules tumorales devenues androgéno-indépendantes. Le système endocannabinoïde représente une cible thérapeutique originale pour l'élaboration de tels composés. La pharmacologie moderne des cannabinoïdes a débuté en 1964 avec la découverte du principal constituant psychoactif du cannabis, le delta-9-tétrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC). L'étude des cannabinoïdes exogènes a ensuite révélé l'existence de récepteurs spécifiques aux cannabinoïdes : le récepteur CB1, majoritairement exprimé au niveau du système nerveux central, et le récepteur CB2, exprimé au niveau périphérique. Cette découverte a conduit à la recherche puis à l'identification de substances endogènes, appelées endocannabinoïdes, produites naturellement par l'organisme et agissant sélectivement au niveau de ces récepteurs. Le principal représentant des endocannabinoïdes, l'anandamide, semble jouer un rôle important dans le contrôle de la prolifération des cellules tumorales prostatiques. Il active, via les récepteurs CB1 et CB2, des voies de transduction permettant la régulation de la croissance cellulaire, participe au contrôle de la prolifération des cellules tumorales et conduit à leur apoptose. Ce composé possède en outre des propriétés antiémétiques et antinociceptives, dont la synergie avec des effets antiprolifératifs pourrait se révéler extrêmement intéressante dans la lutte anticancéreuse. Toutefois, l'activité pharmacologique de l'anandamide est de courte durée car régulée par une enzyme, la fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Dans le cadre de nos recherches, nous avons donc envisagé de synthétiser des inhibiteurs de la FAAH, afin de renforcer et de prolonger l'activité anti-proliférative et/ou pro-apoptotique de l'anandamide vis-à-vis de lignées cancéreuses prostatiques humaines. Nos travaux se sont appuyés sur des études de cristallisation et de modélisation moléculaire mettant en évidence une analogie conformationnelle entre la chaîne grasse de l'anandamide et des motifs aromatiques convenablement substitués. Ainsi, nous avons développé plusieurs séries de composés possédant une structure biphényle substituée par des hétérocycles de type imidazole et imidazoline, ou encore par une fonction carboxamide ou urée (pipéridinique, aminocyclohexylanique ou morpholinique). Lors des tests pharmacologiques, ces composés ont révélé de bonnes activités inhibitrices sur la FAAH, que nous avons tenté d'améliorer par l'introduction d'un groupement fonctionnel supplémentaire sur l'un des cycles de l'ensemble biphényle. Parallèlement à ces travaux de synthèse, nous avons étudié la possibilité de déterminer l'activité inhibitrice de ces composés par HPLC. Le potentiel antiprolifératif de ces inhibiteurs de la FAAH a ensuite été évalué sur différentes lignées de cellules cancéreuses prostatiques.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    ROP duale (un concept innovant pour la polymérisation de carbonates biosourcés à partir de complexes métalliques originaux)

    No full text
    Face à l'appauvrissement des matières premières fossiles et afin de répondre aux préoccupations environnementales actuelles, une attention particulière est accordée de nos jours aux matériaux polymères synthétisés à partir de monomères issus de ressources naturelles renouvelables (biomasse). Les polyesters/polycarbonates sont des polymères présentant de bonnes propriétés thermiques, mécaniques et physiques, qui en font de bons candidats pour des applications biomédicales (par exemple, régénération tissulaire, libération de principes actifs), mais aussi comme substituts aux plastiques de commodité (emballage, films...). Ce projet de recherche consiste en la conception et la synthèse de nouveaux monomères cycliques à sept chaînons méthylés issus de la biomasse. Différents systèmes catalytiques organiques et métallo-organiques ont été étudiés en polymérisation par ouverture de cycle (ROP) de ces monomères. La régiosélectivité d'ouverture du système catalytique {BDI}ZnN(SiMe3)2/BnOH a été mise en évidence en relation avec la position du substituant sur le carbonate. De nouveaux systèmes métalliques cationiques originaux pour la ROP d'esters cycliques ont été développés et appliqués à un nouveau concept de ROP duale organique/organométallique. Des complexes diaminophénolates de zinc et de magnésium neutres et cationiques se sont avérés efficaces en ROP du lactide (LA) et du carbonate de triméthylène (TMC). Leur utilisation en ROP duale organique/organométallique a permis de valider cette nouvelle approche pouvant être étendue à d'autres esters cycliques/carbonates.In light of the depletion of fossil feedstocks and to help address the global environment concerns, increasing attention should nowadays be paid to polymeric materials such as polyesters synthesized from monomers derived from readily renewable natural resources (biomass) within green and sustainable chemistry. Synthetic polyesters/polycarbonates are versatile polymers exhibiting good thermo-mechanical and physical properties, which make them leading candidates for, in particular, biomedical applications (e.g., tissue repair and regeneration, controlled and sustained drug or gene delivery vehicles) but also as recyclable substitutes to plastic commodities (e.g., packaging, films, ). We have thus designed and synthetized a new class of methylated seven-membered cyclic carbonates derived from the biomass. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of these monomers was studied using various organic and metal-organic catalytic systems. The regioselectivity of the {BDI}ZnN(SiMe3)2/BnOH catalytic system has been demonstrated in relation to the position of the substituent on the carbonate. Original metallic systems have been developed for the ROP of cyclic esters and applied to a new concept of dual organic/organometallic ROP concept. Both neutral and cationic diaminophenolates zinc and magnesium complexes were shown to be effective in ROP of lactide (LA) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC). Their successful use in the dual organic/organometallic ROP process has validated this new approach that can be extended to other cyclic esters/carbonates.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Metal- and Organo-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Methyl-Trimethylene Carbonate: Insights into the Microstructure of the Polycarbonate

    No full text
    International audience"Immortal" ring-opening polymerization (iROP) of rac-4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one (α-methyl trimethylene carbonate, α-MeTMC) has been carried out using various catalysts combined with an alcohol acting as a co-initiator and a chain transfer agent. The Lewis acid Al(OTf)3, the metallo-organic β-diiminate [(BDI)Zn(N(SiMe3)2)] (BDIiPr = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imino)-2-pentene) complex, or the organic bases, 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3dimethylperhydro-1,3,2diazaphosphorine (BEMP), 1.5.7-triazabicyclo-[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) and 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), successfully afforded the corresponding poly(α-MeTMC)s with quite good control and activities. In comparison, at 110 °C, these same catalytic systems were more active toward the iROP of native TMC, whereas the iROP of the seven-membered analogue α-Me7CC generally featured a poorer control. The dissymmetry of α-MeTMC raises the question of catalyst selectivity in the ROP process. Detailed microstructural analyses of the poly(α-MeTMC)s using 1H and 13C NMR revealed (1) the preferential ring-opening at the most hindered oxygen-acyl O-C(O)O bond, i.e., closest to the α-Me substituent of the zinc-based system, in the iROP of α-MeTMC, possibly as a result of the favorable steric hindrance; (2) the absence of regioselectivity of the aluminum or guanidine catalyst systems. In addition, MALDI-ToF-MS analyses confirmed the expected α-hydroxy,ω-alkoxyester chain-ends in these polymers. DSC analyses revealed a glass transition temperature of the poly(α-MeTMC)s (Tg ≈ −17 °C) similar to that of poly(TMC)s

    Discrete cationic zinc and magnesium complexes for dual organic/organometallic-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate.

    No full text
    International audienceWe describe herein an original approach for the efficient immortal ring-opening polymerization (iROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) under mild conditions using dual-catalyst systems combining a discrete cationic metal complex with a tertiary amine. A series of new zinc and magnesium cationic complexes of the type [{NNO}M](+) [anion](-) ({NNO}(-) = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenolate; M = Zn, [anion](-) = [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (2), [H(2)N-{B(C(6)F(5))(3)}(2)](-) (3), and [EtB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (4); M = Mg, [anion](-) = [H(2)N{B(C(6)F(5))(3)}(2)](-) (7)) have been prepared from the corresponding neutral compounds [{NNO}ZnEt] (1) and [{NNO}-Mg(nBu)] (6). Compounds 2-4 and 7 exist as free ion pairs, as revealed by (1)H, (13)C, (19)F, and (11) B NMR spectroscopy in THF solution, and an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the bis(THF) adduct of compound 7, 7⋅(THF)(2). The neutral complexes 1 and 6, in combination with one equivalent or an excess of benzyl alcohol (BnOH), initiate the rapid iROP of TMC, in bulk or in toluene solution, at 45-60 °C (turnover frequency, TOF, up to 25-30,000 mol(TMC)⋅mol(Zn)⋅h(-1) for 1 and 220-240,000 mol(TMC)⋅mol(Mg)⋅h(-1) for 6), to afford H-PTMC-OBn with controlled macromolecular features. ROP reactions mediated by the cationic systems 2/BnOH and 7/BnOH proceeded much more slowly (TOF up to 500 and 3000 mol(TMC)⋅mol(Zn or Mg)⋅h(-1) at 110 °C) than those based on the parent neutral compounds 1/BnOH and 6/BnOH, respectively. Use of original dual organic/organometallic catalyst systems, obtained by adding 0.2-5 equiv of a tertiary amine such as NEt(3) to zinc cationic complexes [{NNO}Zn](+) [anion](-) (2-4), promoted high activities (TOF up to 18,300 mol(TMC)⋅mol(Zn)⋅h(-1) at 45 °C) giving H-PTMC-OBn with good control over the M(n) and M(w)/M(n) values. Variation of the nature of the anion in 2-4 did not significantly affect the performance of these catalyst systems. On the other hand, the dual magnesium-based catalyst system 7/NEt(3) proved to be poorly effective

    Pyridyldithiafulvenes as precursors of coordination-driven self-assembled redox active macrocycle.

    No full text
    International audienceA novel redox active macrocycle including two vinylogous tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFVs) and two molybdenum tetracarbonyl fragments has been synthezised thanks to the coordination-driven self-assembly of complementary angular derivatives. Pyridyl vinylogous TTFVs have been deliberately elaborated for that purpose, using the oxidative coupling of pyridyldithiafulvenes (DTF). Cyclic voltammetry, IR and NMR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography of the target molecules have been investigated

    Polycarbonates derived from green acids: immortal ring-opening polymerization of seven-membered cyclic carbonates

    No full text
    International audienceMethyl substituted seven-membered ring carbonates (7CCs), namely, 4-methyl- and 5-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-2-one (α-Me7CC and β-Me7CC), have been synthesized in high yields (up to 70%) upon cyclization of the corresponding α,ω-diols issued from green renewable acids. ("Immortal") ring-opening polymerization of these monomers has been carried out using various catalysts combined with an alcohol acting as a co-initiator and a chain transfer agent. The Lewis acid Al(OTf)3, the organometallic complexes [(BDIiPr)Zn(N(SiMe3)2)] ((BDIiPr) = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imino)-2-pentene] and [(ONOOrBu)Y(N(SiHMe2)2)(THF)] (ONOOtBu = amino-alkoxy-bis(phenolate)) or the organic 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1.5.7-triazabicyclo-[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) or 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine (BEMP) successfully afforded the corresponding poly(α- and β-Me7CC)s with quite good control and activities. The dissymmetry of the monomers raises the question ofcatalyst selectivity in the ring-opening of the 7CCs. Detailed microstructural analyses of the poly(7CC)s using 1H and 13C NMR and MALDI-ToF-MS techniques revealed (1) the higher regioselectivity with preferential ring-opening at the most hindered oxygen-acyl O-C(O)O bond, that is, closest to the α-Me substituent-- of the zinc-based system followed by the yttrium, as compared to the lack ofselectivity of the aluminum one, in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-Me7CC; (2) the absence of regioselectivity in the ROP of β-Me7CC, whichever the catalyst system used, most likely as a result of the OC(O)O further remote substitution site; (3) the expected α-hydroxy, ω-alkoxyester chain ends. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of these polymers underlined the influence of the position of the methyl substituent on the glass transition temperature. Noteworthy, this study represents the first synthesis of the β-Me7CC monomer and of the resulting polycarbonates

    DFT investigations on the ring-opening polymerization of substituted cyclic carbonates catalyzed by zinc-{β-diketiminate} complexes

    No full text
    International audienceThe ring-opening polymerizations of γ-methyl substituted six- and seven-membered ring cyclic carbonates, namely trimethylene carbonate (TMC-γMe) and the one-carbon larger homologue tetramethylene carbonate (7CC-γMe), using [(BDIiPr)Zn(N(SiMe3)2)] (BDIiPr = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imino)-2-pentene) as a catalyst precursor in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This computational study highlights the very active nature of the zinc-alkoxide catalyst obtained via alcoholysis of the Zn–N bond of [(BDIiPr)Zn(N(SiMe3)2)] by HOBn, leading to the replacement of N(SiMe3)2 by an –OBn alkoxide with concomitant release of HN(SiMe3)2. For both TMC-γMe and 7CC-γMe, the initiation and the propagation steps occur according to a three-step process: first, a nucleophilic attack of the alkoxide group followed by the ring-opening of the tetrahedral intermediate and finally the decoordination of the carbonate arm. In the methyl-substituted monomers, the presence of a stereogenic center and, more importantly, the dissymmetry of the monomers raise issues of the stereo- and regio-selectivity during the ROP process. In agreement with experimental results, for both carbonates, the relative Gibbs-free energies of the intermediates and the activation barriers involved in the ROP of both enantiomers (R and S) are very close, which is consistent with the formation of atactic polymers. In the same way, due to the presence of the γ-methyl substituent, two different products can be obtained upon cleavage of the acyl–oxygen bonds during the initiation step, and four different products during the propagation step. For both 7CC-γMe and TMC-γMe, computations indicate a preferential ring-opening at the most hindered oxygen–acyl O1–C(O)O bond, i.e. the one closest to the Me substituent, in agreement with the regioselectivities experimentally observed. The relaxation of the steric constraints inside the growing polymer chain appears to be an important feature. From a thermodynamic point of view, the overall polymerization process is exergonic (7CC-γMe) or almost athermic (TMC-γMe), in agreement with the easier polymerizability of seven- vs. six-membered carbonate rings, as also observed with unsubstituted carbonates
    corecore