"Getting back to normality seems as big of a step as going into lockdown": The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Early-Middle Stage Dementia.

People with dementia can experience a shrinkage of their social worlds, leading to a loss of independence, control, and reduced wellbeing. We used "the shrinking world" theory to examine how the COVID 19 pandemic has impacted the lives of people with early-middle stage dementia and what longer-term impacts may result. Interviews were conducted with 19 people with dementia and a thematic analysis generated five themes: The forgotten person with dementia; Confusion over government guidance; Deterioration of cognitive function; Loss of meaning and social isolation; Safety of the lockdown bubble. The findings suggest that the pandemic has accelerated the "shrinking world" effect and created a tension in how people with dementia perceive the outside world. Participants felt safe and secure in lockdown but also missed the social interaction, cognitive stimulation, and meaningful activities that took place outdoors. As time in lockdown continued, these individuals experienced a loss of confidence and were anxious about their ability to re-engage in the everyday practices that allow them to participate in society. We recommend ways in which the government, communities, and organisations might counteract some of the harms posed by this shrinking world

Analysis of complement C4 loci in Caucasoids and Japanese with idiopathic membranous nephropathy

Analysis of complement C4 loci in Caucasoids and Japanese with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Deletion of the HLA class III complement gene, C4A, has been linked with susceptibility to a number of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we show a strong positive association between C4A gene deletion and development of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in European Caucasoids [patients, 17/27 (63%); healthy controls, 13/65 (20%); RR 6.8; P = 0.003]. To clarify whether C4A deletion is an independent risk factor for IMN or is increased secondarily to the Caucasoid HLA A1, B8, DR3 extended haplotype, we examined the frequency of C4A deletion in Japanese patients, in whom the disease is associated with another HLA haplotype (DR2-DQw1). Analysis of 31 Japanese patients and 46 healthy controls showed that C4A deletion was present in only one patient (3%) and one control (2%). In addition, examination of the C4B locus in Japanese patients showed that there was no significant increase in the estimated frequency of C4B deletion in patients against controls (31 vs. 27%) and no difference in the frequency of the C4B long gene (73 vs. 87%) or C4B short gene (77 vs. 78%). We conclude that although C4A deletion confers significant risk of IMN in Caucasoids, there is no significant association between C4 polymorphism, as detected here, and risk of IMN in Japanese. This suggests that either C4A deletion is irrelevant to the pathogenesis of IMN or that more than one genetic mechanism is involved

The Digital Lives of Student Mothers: A Consideration of Technologies That Support or Erode the Student/Parent Boundary

A growing body of work explores the well-being of students. However, little work has addressed the experiences of student mothers, who must juggle the demands of study and childcare simultaneously. The rise of the student mother is taking place at a time when student learning and engagement as well as childcare has become highly digitised. Existing literature on work/life balance suggests a key issue for student mothers is management of the work-family border, such that they can choose to segregate or blend roles as appropriate. In this study, we used work-family border theory to examine the role that technology plays in supporting both the segregation and blending of student and parent roles, making recommendations for the ways that boundary maintenance might be more explicitly considered in digital systems design

The Management of LGBTQ+ Identities on Social Media: A Student Perspective

Social media can be used to both enhance and diminish students’ experiences of university and its influence is strong for LGBTQ+ people facing stigma and discrimination. Students may feel exposed when identifying as LGBTQ+, particularly whilst transitioning to university life. In this study, we used theories of performance and digital personhood to explore how LGBTQ+ students use social media for identity management. We report a thematic analysis of 16 interviews. Four themes were generated from the data, showing that students use social media to explore, conceal, protect, and express their identities. We found that different social media provide stages where LGBTQ+ identities are constrained by different and distinctive social factors. Thus, LGBTQ+ students’ online identities are multiple, situated, and bound to specific platforms, with some alternatives to Facebook offering a space where students may feel more comfortable performing their authentic selves

'Reluctant pioneer':A qualitative study of doctors' experiences as patients with long COVID

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has had far‐reaching effects upon lives, healthcare systems and society. Some who had an apparently 'mild' COVID‐19 infection continue to suffer from persistent symptoms, including chest pain, breathlessness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, paraesthesia, muscle and joint pains. This has been labelled 'long COVID'. This paper reports the experiences of doctors with long COVID. Methods: A qualitative study; interviews with doctors experiencing persistent symptoms were conducted by telephone or video call. Interviews were transcribed and analysis conducted using an inductive and thematic approach. Results: Thirteen doctors participated. The following themes are reported: making sense of symptoms, feeling let down, using medical knowledge and connections, wanting to help and be helped, combining patient and professional identity. Experiencing long COVID can be transformative: many expressed hope that good would come of their experiences. Distress related to feelings of being ‘let down’ and the hard work of trying to access care. Participants highlighted that they felt better able to care for, and empathize with, patients with chronic conditions, particularly where symptoms are unexplained. Conclusions: The study adds to the literature on the experiences of doctors as patients, in particular where evidence is emerging and the patient has to take the lead in finding solutions to their problems and accessing their own care. Patient and Public contribution: The study was developed with experts by experience (including co‐authors HA and TAB) who contributed to the protocol and ethics application, and commented on analysis and implications. All participants were given the opportunity to comment on findings

Differences in Ultrasonic Vocalizations between Wild and Laboratory California Mice (Peromyscus californicus)

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by muroid rodents, including laboratory mice and rats, are used as phenotypic markers in behavioral assays and biomedical research. Interpretation of these USVs depends on understanding the significance of USV production by rodents in the wild. However, there has never been a study of muroid rodent ultrasound function in the wild and comparisons of USVs produced by wild and laboratory rodents are lacking to date. Here, we report the first comparison of wild and captive rodent USVs recorded from the same species, Peromyscus californicus. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used standard ultrasound recording techniques to measure USVs from California mice in the laboratory (Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, SC, USA) and the wild (Hastings Natural History Reserve, CA, USA). To determine which California mouse in the wild was vocalizing, we used a remote sensing method that used a 12-microphone acoustic localization array coupled with automated radio telemetry of all resident Peromyscus californicus in the area of the acoustic localization array. California mice in the laboratory and the wild produced the same types of USV motifs. However, wild California mice produced USVs that were 2-8 kHz higher in median frequency and significantly more variable in frequency than laboratory California mice. SIGNIFICANCE: The similarity in overall form of USVs from wild and laboratory California mice demonstrates that production of USVs by captive Peromyscus is not an artifact of captivity. Our study validates the widespread use of USVs in laboratory rodents as behavioral indicators but highlights that particular characteristics of laboratory USVs may not reflect natural conditions