Intra-operative pressure sores

As the extent of the pressure sore problem within hospitalized populations has been realized, their costs estimated and changes in the management of the NHS occurred, interest in pressure sores has increased and focused toward prevention. Research has served to underline the complexities of the issues involved and it is now acknowledged that the development of a pressure sore is dependent upon a complicated interplay of many variables, including the intensity and duration of pressure and the tolerance of the skin. The focus of this study was to generate data relating to the research question 'what is the extent of intra-operative pressure damage to the skin within a UK hospital setting?'. However, also pertinent was literature relating to the use of risk assessment tools - their predictive validity and value as descriptors of research patient populations. A quantitative descriptive study design was developed to determine post-operative incidence of pressure sore development and the reliability and predictive validity of the Braden Scale. Patients were recruited to the study according to age (=>55 years), surgery type (elective major general and vascular) and intra-operative position (supine and lithotomy). Descriptive data relating to risk, skin and peri-operative time intervals were recorded. Skin assessments amongst a sample of 26 patients identified a pre-operative prevalence of 36% - an unexpected finding, a post-operative incidence of 12.5% consistent with results from North American research and a period prevalence of 56%. The Braden Scale demonstrated good reliability and the most sensitive and specific Braden Score was determined as 19 not at risk/<19 at risk. A discussion of results identified limitations relating to the methodology adopted and issues, such as, inclusion and exclusion criteria of blanching and non blanching reactive hyperaemia and the application of the definition of incidence which lacked clarity within the literature

A Critical Investigation of Mediated Representations of Sport-Related Pain and Injury

Academic literature has consistently demonstrated that athletes are socialized to accept a culture of risk, which is thought to be inherent within sport. In accepting this culture of risk, sport-related pain and injuries are normalized. This normalization is reinforced by the media through the glorification of (primarily) male athletes who play through their pain in (largely) contact sports. The purpose of this study was to investigate how CBC Sports Weekend constructed sport-related pain and injury across a variety of sports. Twenty broadcasts that aired from August – December 2019 were selected and subjected to thematic analysis. The results indicated a paradoxical representation of sport-related pain and injury. CBC Sports Weekend reinforced a culture of risk and rewarded athletes for taking (successful) risks and toughing it out through injuries, across a wide range of sports. At the same time, broadcasters showed concern for athletes’ health and well-being following a fall, crash or injury. Importantly, these paradoxical narratives demonstrated an improvement in how sport-related pain and injury is portrayed, augmenting more recent academic literature that suggests sport-related pain and injury media narratives are shifting towards prioritizing health

À propos de l’idée d’« école de Lausanne »

Souvent opposée à l’Ecole de Cambridge et à l’Ecole autrichienne, l’Ecole de Lausanne recouvre plus une réalité « géographique » qu’une véritable communauté scientifique. Organisée autour de la théorie de l’équilibre économique général concurrentiel conçue par Léon Walras (1834-1910), premier occupant de la chaire d’économie politique de l’Université de Lausanne, cette approche théorique est perfectionnée par son successeur Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923). Ce courant analytique est à l’origine de..

L’amphithéâtre d’Avenches. Originalité de quelques aspects architecturaux et fonctionnels

Revenant sur un monument qu’il a récemment publié1, l’auteur présente quelques particularités de son dispositif architectural, en tentant de leur trouver une interprétation fonctionnelle. La restitution proposée pour les deux états de l’édifice atteste une constance certaine dans l’organisation des circulations autour de l’arène comme dans la cavea. Elle révèle cependant une évolution notable de l’aspect des façades et des accès. Partant d’une simplicité purement fonctionnelle, on aboutit à une monumentalisation qui recourt aux ordres d’applique ou évoque les arcs de triomphe. Couronnant la capitale des Helvètes, l’amphithéâtre s’affirme comme le lieu par excellence des manifestations publiques et populaires en l’honneur de l’empereur.1 Ph. Bridel, L’amphithéâtre d’Avenches

L’Homo oeconomicus aurait-il peur de l’Homo sapiens ?

« ‘tis not, therefore reason which is the guide of life, but custom »Hume Introduction Dans une contribution antérieure aux discussions du Groupe Raison et Rationalités (1999), je m’interrogeais sur l’utilisation de la notion d’homo oeconomicus comme instrument de connaissance en théorie économique. J’arrivais à la conclusion peu originale que la fonction opératoire de la rationalité axiomatique, « substantive », de cet agent caricatural n’était peut-être pas vraiment le processus optimum pou..

Signa in templo. Où situer le nouveau groupe statuaire de la famille impériale dans le sanctuaire de la Grange des Dîmes (Avenches, Suisse) ?

La découverte de fragments de statues en marbre de la famille impériale du 2e quart du Ier s. a relancé la question du culte dynastique dans le sanctuaire de la Grange des Dîmes, où ils ont été retrouvés. La comparaison avec le groupe julio-claudien du forum de la ville, daté du milieu du règne de Tibère a révélé une grande similitude des deux groupes. Le cycle dynastique du forum avait été restitué par hypothèse sur le podium du temple attribué au culte civique de Rome et Auguste. Le lieu et la forme des honneurs rendus à la maison impériale restent cependant conjecturaux.Le cycle de la Grange des Dîmes serait à situer sur une base multiple érigée au deuxième tiers du Ier s. dans la cour du sanctuaire, qui compte alors deux autres édifices, l’un de caractère héroïco-funéraire probablement, l’autre étant un petit temple dédié sans doute à Mercure. Le contexte de sa découverte atteste cependant qu’il a été intégré au programme architectural du temple de plan gallo-romain édifié à la fin du Ier s. On s’interroge enfin sur le statut des divers lieux où semble attesté le culte impérial : forum, sanctuaires de la Grange des Dîmes et du Cigognier.The discovery of fragments of marble statues of the imperial family of the 2nd quarter of the Ist century has raised the question of dynastic cult in the sanctuary of the Cigognier (Avenches), where they were found. The comparison with the Julio-Claudian group forum in the city, dated from the middle of the reign of Tiberius, revealed high similarity of the two groups.The dynastic cycle found on the forum had been restored by hypothesis on the podium of the temple attributed to the civic cult of Roma and Augustus. However, the location and shape of the honors paid to the imperial house remain conjectural.The cycle of the sanctuary of "Grange des Dîmes" would be located on a multiple basis erected in the second period of the first century, in the courtyard of the shrine, which then has two other buildings: one seems to have an heroic-funerary function, the other is a small temple dedicated probably Mercury. However, the context of its discovery certifies that it has been integrated into the architectural program of the temple of the Gallo-Roman plan built at the end of the first century. It also questions the status of the various locations where the imperial cult seems attested: forum, sanctuaries of "Grange des Dîmes" and of "Cigognier"