Perceived Health and Adaptation in Chronic Disease

International audienc

Competing risk of death and end-stage renal disease in incident chronic kidney disease (stages 3 to 5): the epiran community-based study

International audienceAlthough chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a growing number of people, epidemiologic data on incident CKD in the general population are scarce. Screening strategies to increase early CKD detection have been developed.From a community-based sample of 4,409 individuals residing in a well-defined geographical area, we determined the number of patients having a first serum creatinine value ≥1.7 mg/dL and present for at least 3 months that allowed us to calculate an annual incidence rate of CKD (stages 3 to 5). CKD (stages 3 to 5) was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2A total of 631 incident CKD patients (stages 3 to 5) were followed-up until the occurrence of death and dialysis initiation for more than 3 years. The annual incidence rate of CKD (stages 3 to 5) was estimated at 977.7 per million inhabitants. Analyses were performed on 514 patients with available medical data. During the study, 155 patients (30.2 %) were referred to a nephrologist, 193 (37.5 %) died and 58 (11.3 %) reached end-stage renal disease and initiated dialysis. A total of 139 patients (27.6 %) had a fast decline of their renal function, 92 (18.3 %) a moderate decline and the 272 remaining patients had a physiological decline (21.1 %) or a small improvement of their renal function (33.0 %). Predictors of death found in both Cox and Fine-Gray multivariable regression models included age at diagnosis, anemia, active neoplasia and chronic heart failure, but not a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Age at diagnosis, anemia and a low GFR were independently associated with dialysis initiation in Cox model, but anemia was not found to be a risk factor for dialysis initiation in Fine-Gray model.This large cohort study provided useful epidemiological data on incident CKD (stages 3 to 5) and stressed the need to improve the hands-on implementation of clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation and the management of CKD in primary care

« Perceived individual freedom and collectively provided care”

International audienceBeing a free person creates a number of expectations when it comes to evaluating the conduct of other people toward the person. However, the extent and modalities of the expected "respect" are under scrutiny and arguments in the field always involve the nature of freedom and the associated normative claims. The connections between the norms of collective care and individual perceptions of one's freedom of choice must be investigated with a view to characterizing this tension between basic objectives. In care-providing institutional settings-such as hospitals or medically equipped retirement houses, and in medically equipped prisons-organizational choices are dependent on information about functionings, abilities, and agency status. Subjective views of one's domain of freedom and subjective interpretations of prudential rules, provided they are not treated as absolute claims, should be harmonized somehow. Against the background of heightened attention paid to patients' rights and prerogatives, chronic diseases and functional impairments call for a second look at subjective perceptions of freedom status

Etude expérimentale des plateformes granulaires renforcées par géosynthétiques sur sol mou

International audienceEtude expérimentale des plateformes granulaires renforcées par géosynthétiques sur sol mo

Assemblages collés multimatériaux. Essais et modélisation de liaisons bois-composite pour application marine

National audienceLe groupe Beneteau (fabricant de bateaux de plaisance) utilise très largement la technologie de collage lors des phases d'assemblage. L'objectif du travail réalisé dans le cadre du projet MP32 est de montrer l'intérêt de la simulation numérique pour déterminer les tenues mécaniques de différentes configurations de liaisons collées avec, pour finalité, l'optimisation du choix des liaisons selon les zones du bateau concernées

Jonctions hybrides boulonnées-collées. Application aux cas des structures d'avions

National audienceL'assemblage des panneaux de fuselage d'avion est réalisé au moyen de fixations. Afin de garantir l'étanchéité des structures et de limiter les effets de fatigue par fretting, un mastic est interposé entre les tôles. Le remplacement de ce mastic par une colle pourrait permettre de réduire le nombre de fixations installées. Dans le cadre du projet MP32, une étude a été lancée pour rechercher des colles satisfaisant aux contraintes mécaniques et industrielles et comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu (calcul-simulation). Pour le cas panneaux de fuselage, les produits testés ne donnent pas totale satisfaction mais les travaux de calcul-simulation permettent d'envisager d'améliorer les points faibles. Pour le cas éclissage de cadres, des produits donnent satisfaction et des essais complémentaires peuvent être lancés (vieillissement)

Electrochemical aspects of display technology based on nanostructured titanium dioxide with attached viologen chromophores

Progress in recent years in the field of electrochromic displays based on viologen modified high-surface area TiO2 electrodes (Vio2+/TiO2) has moved the technol. towards commercialization. Viologen mols. (Vio2+), derivatized with phosphonic acid attachment groups can be chemisorbed on nanostructured TiO2 layers of thickness 2-10 μm. Characterization by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochem. and impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that colorless Vio2+/TiO2 is reversibly reduced to the strongly colored cation radical species Vio+•TiO2. This system can constitute the working electrode of an electrochromic display with a capacitive doped SnO2 electrode as counter electrode, the latter coated by an electrochem. inert white light-reflecting layer. Such a device is stable upon repeated coloration-bleaching cycles with a bleached-to-colored state contrast ratio exceeding 5. Multicolor displays can be achieved by patterning different electrochromophores onto different areas of one working electrode

L'informatique au lycee technique Saint-Louis

CNRS AR 13126 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on seven research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant AST 86-17172)U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-84-C-2082)U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-86-C-2114)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Contract NA84AA-D-O0001)SM Systems and Research, Inc.National Aeronatics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (Grant NAG 5-10)Center for Advanced Television StudiesBrazil, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoNational Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (Grant NAG 5-537)U.S. Army (Contract MDA 903-84-K-0297