1,459 research outputs found
Properties of the Quarter-Wave Bragg Reflection Waveguide: Theory
The Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW), or one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide, has recently been proposed for a wide spectrum of applications ranging from particle acceleration to nonlinear frequency conversion. Here, we conduct a thorough analytical investigation of the quarter-wave BRW, in which the layers of the resonant cladding have a thickness corresponding to one quarter of the transverse wavelength of a desired guided mode. An analytical solution to the mode dispersion equation is derived, and it is shown that the quarter-wave BRW is polarization degenerate, although the TE and TM mode profiles differ significantly as the external Brewster’s angle condition in the cladding is approached. Analytical expressions for waveguide properties such as the modal normalization constants, propagation loss, and overlap factors between the mode and each waveguide layer are derived, as are dispersion and tuning curves
Dispersion Tailoring of the Quarter-Wave Bragg Reflection Waveguide
We present analytical formulae for the polarization dependent first- and second-order dispersion of a quarter-wave Bragg reflection waveguide (QtW-BRW). Using these formulae, we develop several qualitative properties of the QtW-BRW. In particular, we show that the birefringence of these waveguides changes sign at the QtW wavelength. Regimes of total dispersion corresponding to predominantly materialdominated and waveguide-dominated dispersion are identified. Using this concept, it is shown that the QtW-BRW can be designed so as to provide anomalous group velocity dispersion of large magnitude, or very small GVD of either sign, simply by an appropriate chose of layer thicknesses. Implications on nonlinear optical devices in compound semiconductors are discussed
Observation of collapse of pseudospin order in bilayer quantum Hall ferromagnets
The Hartree-Fock paradigm of bilayer quantum Hall states with finite
tunneling at filling factor =1 has full pseudospin ferromagnetic order
with all the electrons in the lowest symmetric Landau level. Inelastic light
scattering measurements of low energy spin excitations reveal major departures
from the paradigm at relatively large tunneling gaps. The results indicate the
emergence of a novel correlated quantum Hall state at =1 characterized by
reduced pseudospin order. Marked anomalies occur in spin excitations when
pseudospin polarization collapses by application of in-plane magnetic fields.Comment: ReVTeX4, 4 pages, 3 EPS figure
Observation of soft magnetorotons in bilayer quantum Hall ferromagnets
Inelastic light scattering measurements of low-lying collective excitations
of electron double layers in the quantum Hall state at total filling nu_T=1
reveal a deep magnetoroton in the dispersion of charge-density excitations
across the tunneling gap. The roton softens and sharpens markedly when the
phase boundary for transitions to highly correlated compressible states is
approached. The findings are interpreted with Hartree-Fock evaluations that
link soft magnetorotons to enhanced excitonic Coulomb interactions and to
quantum phase transitions in the ferromagnetic bilayers.Comment: ReVTeX4, 4 pages, 4 EPS figure
Spectroscopy of soft modes and quantum phase transitions in coupled electron bilayers
Strongly-correlated two-dimensional electrons in coupled semiconductor
bilayers display remarkable broken symmetry many-body states under accessible
and controllable experimental conditions. In the cases of continuous quantum
phase transitions soft collective modes drive the transformations that link
distinct ground states of the electron double layers. In this paper we consider
results showing that resonant inelastic light scattering methods detect soft
collective modes of the double layers and probe their evolution with
temperature and magnetic field. The light scattering experiments offer venues
of research of fundamental interactions and continuous quantum phase
transitions in low-dimensional electron liquids.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Unsteady Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Shear Coaxial GO2/GH2 Rocket Injector with RANS and Hybrid-RAN-LES/DES Using Flamelet Models
Historically, the analysis and design of liquid rocket engines (LREs) has relied on fullscale testing and onedimensional empirical tools. The testing is extremely expensive and the onedimensional tools are not designed to capture the highly complex, and multidimensional features that are inherent to LREs. Recent advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools have made it possible to predict liquid rocket engine performance, stability, to assess the effect of complex flow features, and to evaluate injectordriven thermal environments, to mitigate the cost of testing. Extensive efforts to verify and validate these CFD tools have been conducted, to provide confidence for using them during the design cycle. Previous validation efforts have documented comparisons of predicted heat flux thermal environments with test data for a single element gaseous oxygen (GO2) and gaseous hydrogen (GH2) injector. The most notable validation effort was a comprehensive validation effort conducted by Tucker et al. [1], in which a number of different groups modeled a GO2/GH2 single element configuration by Pal et al [2]. The tools used for this validation comparison employed a range of algorithms, from both steady and unsteady Reynolds Averaged NavierStokes (U/RANS) calculations, largeeddy simulations (LES), detached eddy simulations (DES), and various combinations. A more recent effort by Thakur et al. [3] focused on using a stateoftheart CFD simulation tool, Loci/STREAM, on a twodimensional grid. Loci/STREAM was chosen because it has a unique, very efficient flamelet parameterization of combustion reactions that are too computationally expensive to simulate with conventional finiterate chemistry calculations. The current effort focuses on further advancement of validation efforts, again using the Loci/STREAM tool with the flamelet parameterization, but this time with a threedimensional grid. Comparisons to the Pal et al. heat flux data will be made for both RANS and Hybrid RANSLES/ Detached Eddy simulations (DES). Computation costs will be reported, along with comparison of accuracy and cost to much less expensive twodimensional RANS simulations of the same geometry
Evidence of correlation in spin excitations of few-electron quantum dots
We report inelastic light scattering measurements of spin and charge
excitations in nanofabricated AlGaAs/GaAs quantum dots with few electrons. A
narrow spin excitation peak is observed and assigned to the intershell
triplet-to-singlet monopole mode of dots with four electrons.
Configurationinteraction theory provides precise quantitative interpretations
that uncover large correlation effects that are comparable to exchange Coulomb
interactions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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