Brain amyloid in preclinical Alzheimer\u27s disease is associated with increased driving risk

INTRODUCTION: Postmortem studies suggest that fibrillar brain amyloid places people at higher risk for hazardous driving in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: We administered driving questionnaires to 104 older drivers (19 AD, 24 mild cognitive impairment, and 61 cognitive normal) who had a recent (18)F-florbetapir positron emission tomography scan. We examined associations of amyloid standardized uptake value ratios with driving behaviors: traffic violations or accidents in the past 3 years. RESULTS: The frequency of violations or accidents was curvilinear with respect to standardized uptake value ratios, peaking around a value of 1.1 (model r(2) = 0.10, P = .002); moreover, this relationship was evident for the cognitively normal participants. DISCUSSION: We found that driving risk is strongly related to accumulating amyloid on positron emission tomography, and that this trend is evident in the preclinical stage of AD. Brain amyloid burden may in part explain the increased crash risk reported in older adults

Heritage Matters- January 2007

INSIDE THIS ISSUE Conferences upcoming, p. 10 Grant applications, p. 11 Internships, p. 3 National Register listings, p. 5 Tribal Preservation Officer list, p. 9 CONTENTS NPS ACTIVITIES, pages 2-4 Inupiaq Heritage in Northwestern Alaska, p. 2 Cultural Resources Diversity Internship Program, p. 3 Historic Trees, the National Park Service, and History, p. 3 STATE INITIATIVES, pages 5-8 National Register Nominations, p. 5 • Ridge Trail Historic District, Walsh and Pembina Counties, North Dakota • Emery Hall, Wilberforce University, Green County, Ohio • Ponca Agency, Boyd County, Nebraska • Ohio Theatre, Toledo, Ohio • Hydaburg Totem Park, Hydaburg, Alaska • Sunrise Mine Historic District, eastern Wyoming • Pilsen Historic District, Chicago, Illinois TRIBAL INITIATIVES, pages 8-9 NAGPRA Develops New Outreach Initiatives, p. 8 Current THPO Listings, p. 9 CONFERENCES, ANNOUNCEMENTS, AND EVENTS, pages 10-11 Conferences, p. 10 Vernacular Architectural Forum Annual Meeting in Savannah, p. 10 Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, p. 10 US/ICOMOS International Symposium on Heritage Tourism in San Francisco, p. 10 Arkansas Historical Association Conference in Little Rock, p. 10 American Association of Museums Annual Meeting in Chicago, p. 11 National Trust for Historic Preservation National Preservation Conference in St. Paul, p. 11 Announcements, p. 11 Preserve America Grant Applications, p. 11 Save America’s Treasures Grant Applications, p. 11 Events, p. 11 Preservation-related Commemorations, p. 1

Heritage Matters- January 2007

INSIDE THIS ISSUE Conferences upcoming, p. 10 Grant applications, p. 11 Internships, p. 3 National Register listings, p. 5 Tribal Preservation Officer list, p. 9 CONTENTS NPS ACTIVITIES, pages 2-4 Inupiaq Heritage in Northwestern Alaska, p. 2 Cultural Resources Diversity Internship Program, p. 3 Historic Trees, the National Park Service, and History, p. 3 STATE INITIATIVES, pages 5-8 National Register Nominations, p. 5 • Ridge Trail Historic District, Walsh and Pembina Counties, North Dakota • Emery Hall, Wilberforce University, Green County, Ohio • Ponca Agency, Boyd County, Nebraska • Ohio Theatre, Toledo, Ohio • Hydaburg Totem Park, Hydaburg, Alaska • Sunrise Mine Historic District, eastern Wyoming • Pilsen Historic District, Chicago, Illinois TRIBAL INITIATIVES, pages 8-9 NAGPRA Develops New Outreach Initiatives, p. 8 Current THPO Listings, p. 9 CONFERENCES, ANNOUNCEMENTS, AND EVENTS, pages 10-11 Conferences, p. 10 Vernacular Architectural Forum Annual Meeting in Savannah, p. 10 Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, p. 10 US/ICOMOS International Symposium on Heritage Tourism in San Francisco, p. 10 Arkansas Historical Association Conference in Little Rock, p. 10 American Association of Museums Annual Meeting in Chicago, p. 11 National Trust for Historic Preservation National Preservation Conference in St. Paul, p. 11 Announcements, p. 11 Preserve America Grant Applications, p. 11 Save America’s Treasures Grant Applications, p. 11 Events, p. 11 Preservation-related Commemorations, p. 1

Heritage Matters- July 2005

INSIDE THIS ISSUE Conferences upcoming, p. 17 National Historic Landmark designations, p. 3 National Register nominations, p. 8 Publication of note, p. 18 CONTENTS NPS ACTIVITIES, pages 1–5 Cultures of a Country, p. 1 National Historic Landmarks designated, p. 3 Preserve and Play Conference, p. 4 PARTNERS’ ACTIVITIES, pages 6–7 Seminar, Public Meaning of Archeological Heritage, p. 6 AAM Annual Meeting 2005 report, p. 7 STATE ACTIVITIES, pages 8-15 National Register Nominations, p. 8 • Pascua Cultural Center, Tucson, Arizona • Town Doctor’s House and Site, Southold, New York • Louis J. Bailey Branch Library—Gary International Institute, Gary, Indiana • Our Savior’s Scandinavian Lutheran Church, Kenaston, North Dakota • B’nai Jacob Synagogue, Ottumna, Iowa • Whitepath and Fly Smith Gravesite, Hopkinsville, Kentucky • Winnemucca Hotel, Humboldt County, Nevada • Government Boarding School at Lac de Flambeau, Wisconsin • Ivey Delph Apartments, New York City • Edificio Patio Español, San Juan, Puerto Rico POINT OF VIEW, page 16 The Original Mason-Dixon Line, p. 16 CONFERENCES AND NOTICES, pages 17–19 Conferences, p. 17 • Multicultural Days: An International Perspective Conference, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada • 5th International Conference on Diversity in Organizations, Communities and Nations, Bejing, China • 2005 Pecos Conference, White Rock, New Mexico • Graduate Association for African-American History at the University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee • SACRPH Biennial Conference, Coral Gables, Florida • American Studies Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC • Call for Papers: Mid-Atlantic Popular/American Culture Association Annual Conference, New Brunswick, New Jersey • Call for Papers: Association for Museum History Annual Conference, Washington, DC Notices, p. 18 Asian Reflections on the American Landscape Available Assistance Needed for Untold Stories and Unsung Heroes in the Making of the National Park

Direct and mediated effects of a social-emotional and character development program on adolescent substance use

Mitigating and preventing substance use among adolescents requires approaches that address the multitude of factors that influence this behavior. Such approaches must be tested, not only for evidence of empirical effectiveness, but also to determine the mechanisms by which they are successful. The aims of the present study were twofold: 1) To determine the effectiveness of a school-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) program, Positive Action (PA), in reducing substance use (SU) among a sample of U.S. youth living in a low-income, urban environment, and 2) to test one mechanism by which the program achieves its success. We used longitudinal mediation analysis to test the hypotheses that: 1) students attending PA intervention schools engage in significantly less SU than students attending control schools, 2) students attending PA intervention schools show significantly better change in SECD than students attending control schools, and 3) the effect of the PA intervention on SU is mediated by the change in SECD. Analyses revealed program effects on both SECD and SU, a relationship between SECD and SU, and the effects of PA on SU were completely mediated by changes in SECD. Future research directions and implications for schoolbased social-emotional and character development efforts and substance use prevention are addressed.peer-reviewe

Expansion Thoracoplasty Affects Lung Growth and Morphology in a Rabbit Model: A Pilot Study

Background: Thoracic insufficiency syndrome represents a novel form of postnatal restrictive respiratory disease occurring in children with early-onset scoliosis and chest wall anomalies. Expansion thoracoplasty improves lung volumes in children with thoracic insufficiency syndrome; however, how it affects lung development is unknown. Questions/purposes: Using a rabbit model of thoracic insufficiency syndrome, we evaluated the effect of expansion thoracoplasty on the response of biologic mechanisms in the alveolar microstructure. Methods: Using archived material from a previous experiment, 10 4-week-old New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: normal (n = 3), disease (n = 3), and treated (n = 4). Left ribs four to eight were tethered in seven rabbits at age 5 weeks to induce hypoplasia of the left hemithorax (disease). At age 10 weeks, four of these rabbits were treated by expansion thoracoplasty (treated). At age 24 weeks, lungs were excised and processed. Alveolar density and parenchymal airspace were measured on histologic sections. Immunohistochemistry was performed for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (angiogenesis), KI-67 (cell proliferation), and RAM-11 (macrophages). Results: Alveolar walls were poorly perfused and airspace fraction was larger (emphysematous) in disease rabbits than normal or treated rabbits. Immunohistochemistry provided inconclusive evidence to support the concept that pulmonary hypoplasia is induced by thoracic insufficiency syndrome and controlled by expansion thoracoplasty. Conclusions: Treatment of thoracic insufficiency syndrome by expansion thoracoplasty may prevent emphysematous changes in the alveolar microstructure, thereby enhancing gas exchange

Viral Gene Delivery Selectively Restores Feeding and Prevents Lethality of Dopamine-Deficient Mice

AbstractDopamine-deficient mice (DA−/−), lacking tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in dopaminergic neurons, become hypoactive and aphagic and die by 4 weeks of age. They are rescued by daily treatment with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); each dose restores dopamine (DA) and feeding for less than 24 hr. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses expressing human TH or GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) were injected into the striatum of DA−/− mice. Bilateral coinjection of both viruses restored feeding behavior for several months. However, locomotor activity and coordination were partially improved. A virus expressing only TH was less effective, and one expressing GTPCH1 alone was ineffective. TH immunoreactivity and DA were detected in the ventral striatum and adjacent posterior regions of rescued mice, suggesting that these regions mediate a critical DA-dependent aspect of feeding behavior