Rotational spectrum of cis–cis HOONO

The pure rotational spectrum of cis-cis peroxynitrous acid, HOONO, has been observed. Over 220 transitions, sampling states up to J(')=67 and K-a(')=31, have been fitted with an rms uncertainty of 48.4 kHz. The experimentally determined rotational constants agree well with ab initio values for the cis-cis conformer, a five-membered ring formed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The small, positive inertial defect Delta=0.075667(60) amu A(2) and lack of any observable torsional splittings in the spectrum indicate that cis-cis HOONO exists in a well-defined planar structure at room temperature

The Right to Participate, the Right to Know, and Electronic Voting in Montana

Electronic Votin

A partnership-based, whole-watershed approach to climate adaptation in Acadia National Park

Changes in climate and associated changes in seasonality, invasive plants and insects, and visitation are stressing ecosystems and infrastructure in Acadia National Park. Over the past five years, park staff and partners have begun taking an interdisciplinary, partnership-based approach to assessing baseline conditions, identifying stresses, developing climate change scenarios, and restoring the ecological and cultural integrity and resilience of whole watersheds. The approach contrasts with past resource management in which managers frequently tackled problems with minimal coordination between disciplines (e.g., water, wildlife, cultural resources, and maintenance) and locations. The result has been a series of projects that have begun to measurably improve the health of one of the park’s most visited and iconic watersheds: the Cromwell Brook watershed, which includes Sieur de Monts (Acadia began in 1916 as Sieur de Monts National Monument) and the Great Meadow, and whose namesake waterway flows through the gateway town of Bar Harbor. Projects (inside and out of the park) have included rehabilitating a historic spring pool, replacing undersized culverts with open-bottom bridges, removing a poorly sited septic system, removing invasive plants, restoring native wetland, establishing monitoring to assess changes in watershed health, and working with the town and other stakeholders to plan future projects that would further improve the health of Great Meadow and downstream areas in Bar Harbor. The combination of planning; monitoring; restoring healthy, functioning ecological communities; and minimizing stresses from human infrastructure and visitation offer the best chance of main- taining Acadia National Park for the enjoyment of future generations

Rotational spectroscopy and dipole moment of cis-cis HOONO and DOONO

The rotational spectrum of cis-cis HOONO has been studied over a broad range of frequencies, 13–840 GHz, using pulsed beam Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy and room-temperature flow cell submillimeter spectroscopy. The rotational spectrum of the deuterated isotopomer, cis-cis DOONO, has been studied over a subset of this range, 84–640 GHz. Improved spectroscopic constants have been determined for HOONO, and the DOONO spectrum is analyzed for the first time. Weak-field Stark effect measurements in the region of 84–110 GHz have been employed to determine the molecular dipole moments of cis-cis HOONO [µa=0.542(8) D,µb=0.918(15) D,µ=1.07(2) D] and DOONO [µa=0.517(9) D,µb=0.930(15) D,µ=1.06(2) D]. The quadrupole coupling tensor in the principal inertial axis system for the 14N nucleus has been determined to be chiaa=1.4907(25) MHz,chibb=–4.5990(59) MHz,chiab=3.17(147) MHz, and chicc=3.1082(59) MHz. Coordinates of the H atom in the center-of-mass frame have been determined with use of the Kraitchman equations, |aH|=0.516 Å and |bH|=1.171 Å. The inertial defects of HOONO and DOONO are consistent with a planar equilibrium structure with significant out-of-plane H atom torsional motion. Comparisons of the present results are made to ab initio calculations

Hoosier Farmland Wildlife Notes: Windbreaks for Farms and Wildlife

A home or farmstead windbreak is a strip of vegetation, generally consisting of multiple rows of trees and/or shrubs that shelters a residence and related structures from the negative effects of wind. While windbreaks can provide excellent food and cover for a variety of wildlife species, their primary function is to reduce wind velocity on the leeward side of the windbreak. The degree of protection depends upon the density and height of the windbreak. However, windbreaks will typically protect an area on their leeward side of 10 times the height of the windbreak (Figure 1). Benefits of windbreaks may even extend to a distance of 20-30 times the height of the windbreak

A New Era in Building : African American Educational Activism in Goochland County, Virginia, 1911-32

An examination of African American educational activism in the early twentieth century in Goochland County, Virginia, including the Rosenwald school building program

What Large-Scale, Survey Research Tells Us About Teacher Effects on Student Achievement: Insights From the Prospectus Study of Elementary Schools

This report is about conceptual and methodological issues that arise when educational researchers use data from large-scale, survey research studies to investigate teacher effects on student achievement. In the report, we illustrate these issues by reporting on a series of analyses we conducted using data from Prospects: The Congressionally Mandated Study of Educational Opportunity. This large-scale, survey research effort gathered a rich store of data on instructional processes and student achievement in a large sample of U.S. elementary schools during the early 1990s as part of the federal government\u27s evaluation of the Title I program. We use data from Prospects to estimate the overall size of teacher effects on student achievement and to test some specific hypotheses about why such effects occur. On the basis of these analyses, we draw some substantive conclusions about the magnitude and sources of teacher effects on student achievement and suggest some ways that survey-based research on teaching can be improved