108 research outputs found
Effect of nonhydrostatic pressure on the superconducting kagome metal CsVSb
High-pressure single-crystal x-ray diffraction experiments reveal that the
superconducting kagome metal CsVSb transforms from hexagonal ()
to monoclinic () symmetry above 10 GPa if nonhydrostatic pressure
conditions are created in a diamond anvil cell with silicon oil as
pressure-transmitting medium. This is contrary to the behavior of CsVSb
under quasi-hydrostatic conditions in neon, with the hexagonal symmetry
retained up to at least 20 GPa. Monoclinic distortion leaves the kagome planes
almost unchanged but deforms honeycomb nets of the Sb atoms. Using ab initio
density-functional calculations, we show that this distortion facilitates the
pressure-induced shift of van Hove singularities away from the Fermi level and
assists in the Fermi surface reconstruction caused by the formation of
interlayer Sb-Sb bonds, thus adding a structural transition component to the
reentrant behavior of CsVSb.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Single-Photon Single-Flux Coupled Detectors
In this work, we present a novel device that is a combination of a
superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and a superconducting
multi-level memory. We show that these devices can be used to count the number
of detections through single-photon to single-flux conversion. Electrical
characterization of the memory properties demonstrates single-flux quantum
(SFQ) separated states. Optical measurements using attenuated laser pulses with
different mean photon number, pulse energies and repetition rates are shown to
differentiate single-photon detection from other possible phenomena, such as
multi-photon detection and thermal activation. Finally, different geometries
and material stacks to improve device performance, as well as arraying methods
are discussed
Role of Sb in the superconducting kagome metal CsV$3Sb5 revealed by its anisotropic compression
Pressure evolution of the superconducting kagome metal CsVSb is
studied with single-crystal x-ray diffraction and density-functional
band-structure calculations. A highly anisotropic compression observed up to 5
GPa is ascribed to the fast shrinkage of the Cs-Sb distances and suppression of
Cs rattling motion. This prevents Sb displacements required to stabilize the
three-dimensional charge-density-wave (CDW) order and elucidates the
disappearance of the CDW already at 2 GPa despite only minor changes in the
electronic structure of the normal state. At higher pressures, vanadium bands
still change only marginally, whereas antimony bands undergo a major
reconstruction caused by the gradual formation of the interlayer Sb-Sb bonds.
Our results exclude pressure tuning of vanadium kagome bands as the main
mechanism for the non-trivial evolution of superconductivity in real-world
kagome metals. Concurrently, we establish the central role of Sb atoms in the
stabilization of a three-dimensional CDW and Fermi surface reconstruction.Comment: published versio
The Effects of Acute Rauwolscine (α-Yohimbine) Ingestion on Repeated Wingate Sprint Performance in Healthy Males
Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 1, 2023. Background: Rauwolscine (RW), also known as α-Yohimbine, is an α-2-adrenergic receptor antagonist which possesses sympathomimetic properties. RW is commercially sold in pre-workout and energy supplements. However, the ergogenic potential of RW has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute RW supplementation on repeated sprint performance. Methods: Healthy male participants (n=12) completed 3 × 15-second Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnT) separated by 2 minutes of active recovery. Blood lactate (La) was collected before exercise (Pre) and immediately following exercise (Post). Mean power, peak power, fatigue index, heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken immediately after each WAnT. Point of application #1: Acute RW supplementation does not result in the enhancement of repeated anaerobic sprint performance. Point of application #2: HR and RPE are not altered during repeated sprints with RW ingestion. Point of application #3: RW ingestion results in higher La levels post-exercise despite no changes in fatigue index
Pressure evolution of electron dynamics in the superconducting kagome metal CsVSb
The coexistence of the charge-density wave (CDW) and superconducting phases
and their tunability under external pressure remains one of the key points in
understanding the electronic structure of VSb ( = K, Rb, Cs)
kagome metals. Here, we employ synchrotron-based infrared spectroscopy assisted
by density-functional calculations to study the pressure evolution of the
electronic structure at room temperature up to 17 GPa experimentally. The
optical spectrum of CsVSb is characterized by the presence of localized
carriers seen as a broad peak at finite frequencies in addition to the
conventional metallic Drude response. The pressure dependence of this
low-energy peak reflects the re-entrant behavior of superconductivity and may
be interpreted in terms of electron-phonon coupling, varying with the growth
and shrinkage of the Fermi surface. Moreover, drastic modifications in the
low-energy interband absorptions are observed upon the suppression of CDW.
These changes are related to the upward shift of the Sb2 band that
eliminates part of the Fermi surface around the -point, whereas band saddle
points do not move significantly. These observations shed new light on the
mixed electronic and lattice origin of the CDW in CsVSb
Reaction norm analysis reveals rapid shifts toward delayed maturation in harvested Lake Erie yellow perch (Perca flavescens )
Harvested marine fish stocks often show a rapid and substantial decline in the age and size at maturation. Such changes can arise from multiple processes including fisheries‐induced evolution, phenotypic plasticity, and responses to environmental factors other than harvest. The relative importance of these processes could differ systematically between marine and freshwater systems. We tested for temporal shifts in the mean and within‐cohort variability of age‐ and size‐based maturation probabilities of female yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) from four management units (MUs) in Lake Erie. Lake Erie yellow perch have been commercially harvested for more than a century, and age and size at maturation have varied since sampling began in the 1980s. Our analysis compared probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) for cohorts when abundance was lower and harvest higher (1993–1998) to cohorts when abundance was higher and harvest lower (2005–2010). PMRNs have been used in previous studies to detect signs of evolutionary change in response to harvest. Maturation size threshold increased between the early and late cohorts, and the increases were statistically significant for the youngest age in the western MU1 and for older ages in the eastern MU3. Maturation envelope widths, a measure of the variability in maturation among individuals in a cohort, also increased between early and late cohorts in the western MUs where harvest was highest. The highest rates of change in size at maturation for a given age were as large or larger than rates reported for harvested marine fishes where declines in age and size at maturation have been observed. Contrary to the general observation of earlier maturation evolving in harvested stocks, female yellow perch in Lake Erie may be rapidly evolving delayed maturation since harvest was relaxed in the late 1990s, providing a rare example of possible evolutionary recovery
Revisiting spin ice physics in the ferromagnetic Ising pyrochlore PrSnO
Pyrochlore materials are characterized by their hallmark network of
corner-sharing rare-earth tetrahedra, which can produce a wide array of complex
magnetic ground states. Ferromagnetic Ising pyrochlores often obey the
"two-in-two-out" spin ice rules, which can lead to a highly-degenerate spin
structure. Large moment systems, such as HoTiO and
DyTiO, tend to host a classical spin ice state with low-temperature
spin freezing and emergent magnetic monopoles. Systems with smaller effective
moments, such as Pr-based pyrochlores, have been proposed as excellent
candidates for hosting a "quantum spin ice" characterized by entanglement and a
slew of exotic quasiparticle excitations. However, experimental evidence for a
quantum spin ice state has remained elusive. Here, we show that the
low-temperature magnetic properties of PrSnO satisfy several
important criteria for continued consideration as a quantum spin ice. We find
that PrSnO exhibits a partially spin-frozen ground state with a
large volume fraction of dynamic magnetism. Our comprehensive bulk
characterization and neutron scattering measurements enable us to map out the
magnetic field-temperature phase diagram, producing results consistent with
expectations for a ferromagnetic Ising pyrochlore. We identify key hallmarks of
spin ice physics, and show that the application of small magnetic fields
(0.75T) suppresses the spin ice state and induces a long-range
ordered magnetic structure. Together, our work clarifies the current state of
PrSnO and encourages future studies aimed at exploring the
potential for a quantum spin ice ground state in this system
Predicting Future Changes in Muskegon River Watershed Game Fish Distributions under Future Land Cover Alteration and Climate Change Scenarios
Future alterations in land cover and climate are likely to cause substantial changes in the ranges of fish species. Predictive distribution models are an important tool for assessing the probability that these changes will cause increases or decreases in or the extirpation of species. Classification tree models that predict the probability of game fish presence were applied to the streams of the Muskegon River watershed, Michigan. The models were used to study three potential future scenarios: (1) land cover change only, (2) land cover change and a 3°C increase in air temperature by 2100, and (3) land cover change and a 5°C increase in air temperature by 2100. The analysis indicated that the expected change in air temperature and subsequent change in water temperatures would result in the decline of coldwater fish in the Muskegon watershed by the end of the 21st century while cool‐ and warmwater species would significantly increase their ranges. The greatest decline detected was a 90% reduction in the probability that brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis would occur in Bigelow Creek. The greatest increase was a 276% increase in the probability that northern pike Esox lucius would occur in the Middle Branch River. Changes in land cover are expected to cause large changes in a few fish species, such as walleye Sander vitreus and Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, but not to drive major changes in species composition. Managers can alter stream environmental conditions to maximize the probability that species will reside in particular stream reaches through application of the classification tree models. Such models represent a good way to predict future changes, as they give quantitative estimates of the n‐dimensional niches for particular species.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141570/1/tafs0396.pd
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