Perancangan Tabung Vaksin Hewan Berbahan Dasar Polivinil Klorida (PVC) Dengan Mengunakan Elemen Peltier

The vaccine is one of the ways to prevent disease in livestock as an antibody. These vaccines are very vulnerable because it should not be exposed to direct sunlight and should not be frozen. For some types of vaccines should be stored at a temperature 2oC - 8oC. The toughest obstacle when should bring the vaccine to remote areas that are difficult to reach and have no major infrastructure such as adequate road. The cooling tubes planning has the dimensions of the tubes used are 3 inches and 4 inches. High tube 3 inches is 14.6 cm in size and high 4 inches is 19.8 cm made polyvinyl chloride. The planning results retrieved the tensile that occurs in the cooling tube sheath 38,144 kg/〖cm〗^2. Tensile on sheath insulating space 68,766 kg/〖cm〗^2. The shear stress of cooling space cover 0,00093 kg/〖cm〗^2. Shear stress on the cover tube 9,479 kg/〖cm〗^2. Press the voltage going to the metal welding 8,656 kg/〖cm〗^2. Voltage drop bolt permits 74 N/mm2. The shear stress permits 44,4 N/mm2. The diameter bolt required 0,278 m

Betel nut chewing, oral premalignant lesions, and the oral microbiome - Fig 4

<p><b>a.</b> Relative abundance of oral bacteria taxa: current betel nut chewers vs. former/never chewers (FDR-corrected p<0.05). <b>b.</b> Relative abundance of oral bacteria taxa: long-term betel nut chewers (≥10 yrs.) vs. never chewers (FDR-corrected p<0.05). <b>c.</b> Relative abundance of oral bacteria taxa: betel nut chewers with oral lesions vs. chewers/non-chewers without oral lesions (FDR-corrected p<0.05).</p

Relationship of oral premalignant lesions with betel nut chewing and other factors.

<p>Relationship of oral premalignant lesions with betel nut chewing and other factors.</p

Comparison of Oral Bacteria Within-Sample (Alpha) Diversity by Betel Nut Chewing History^a.

<p>Comparison of Oral Bacteria Within-Sample (Alpha) Diversity by Betel Nut Chewing History<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172196#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Characteristics of Study Subjects (n = 122).

<p>Characteristics of Study Subjects (n = 122).</p

Comparison of beta diversity based on Unifrac distances by betel nut chewing status^a,b.

<p>Comparison of beta diversity based on Unifrac distances by betel nut chewing status^a,b.</p

Comparison of genome-scale DNA methylation profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma by viral status

<p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence has steadily increased in the US over the past 30 years. Our understanding of epigenetic regulation in HCC is still limited, especially the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on aberrant DNA methylation. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in 33 fresh frozen tumor samples, including 10 HBV-HCC, 13 HCV-HCC, and 10 non-infected (NIV-HCC) using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Gene expression profiling was also performed using the Illumina whole-genome DASL HT Assay. Biological influences and gene networks of the differentially-methylated (DM) CpG loci were predicted using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified 7, 26, and 98 DM loci between HBV-HCC vs. HCV-HCC, HBV-HCC vs. NIV-HCC, and HCV-HCC vs. NIV-HCC, respectively, at <i>P</i> < 5 × 10⁻⁵ for each. Overall, the DM loci were highly enriched for enhancers (48%), promoters (37%), or CpG islands and surrounding regions (37%). Most DM loci were hypermethylated in HCV-HCC compared to HBV-HCC or NIV-HCC. The DM loci were associated with a variety of biological functions including Cell Morphology (HBV-HCC vs. NIV-HCC), Cell Death/ Survival (HBV-HCC vs. NIV-HCC), or Cellular Growth and Proliferation (HCV-HCC vs. NIV-HCC). A subset of the DM loci were correlated (either positively or negatively) with their gene expression or associated with alcohol consumption, BMI, cirrhosis, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Our findings of differential methylation by viral infection lend insights into the potential effects of viral infection on the epigenetic regulation and further the development and progression of HCC.</p

Characteristics and HPV status of invasive laryngeal cancer cases (n = 148).

<p>Characteristics and HPV status of invasive laryngeal cancer cases (n = 148).</p

Distribution of HPV genotypes in HPV positive tumors (male n = 22; female n = 9).

<p>Distribution of HPV genotypes in HPV positive tumors (male n = 22; female n = 9).</p

Overall 5-year survival in laryngeal cancer cases by HPV status (Log-rank <i>P</i>-value = 0.88; HPV+ n = 26; HPV− n = 100).

<p>Overall 5-year survival in laryngeal cancer cases by HPV status (Log-rank <i>P</i>-value = 0.88; HPV+ n = 26; HPV− n = 100).</p