Articaine in functional NLC show improved anesthesia and anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish

Indexación ScopusAnesthetic failure is common in dental inflammation processes, even when modern agents, such as articaine, are used. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are systems with the potential to improve anesthetic efficacy, in which active excipients can provide desirable properties, such as anti-inflammatory. Coupling factorial design (FD) for in vitro formulation development with in vivo zebrafish tests, six different NLC formulations, composed of synthetic (cetyl palmitate/triglycerides) or natural (avocado butter/olive oil/copaiba oil) lipids were evaluated for loading articaine. The formulations selected by FD were physicochemically characterized, tested for shelf stability and in vitro release kinetics and had their in vivo effect (anti-inflammatory and anesthetic effect) screened in zebrafish. The optimized NLC formulation composed of avocado butter, copaiba oil, Tween 80 and 2% articaine showed adequate physicochemical properties (size = 217.7 ± 0.8 nm, PDI = 0.174 ± 0.004, zeta potential = − 40.2 ± 1.1 mV, %EE = 70.6 ± 1.8) and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. The anesthetic effect on touch reaction and heart rate of zebrafish was improved to 100 and 60%, respectively, in comparison to free articaine. The combined FD/zebrafish approach was very effective to reveal the best articaine-in-NLC formulation, aiming the control of pain at inflamed tissues. © 2020, The Author(s).https://www-nature-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/articles/s41598-020-76751-

A pre formulation study of tetracaine loaded in optimized nanostructured lipid carriers

Tetracaine TTC is a local anesthetic broadly used for topical and spinal blockade, despite its systemic toxicity. Encapsulation in nanostructured lipid carriers NLC may prolong TTC delivery at the site of injection, reducing such toxicity. This work reports the development of NLC loading 4 TTC. Structural properties and encapsulation efficiency EE amp; 8201; gt; amp; 8201;63 guided the selection of three pre formulations of different lipid composition, through a 23 factorial design of experiments DOE . DLS and TEM analyses revealed average sizes 193 220 nm , polydispersity lt; amp; 8201;0.2 , zeta potential amp; 8722; amp; 8201;21.8 to amp; 8722; amp; 8201;30.1 mV and spherical shape of the nanoparticles, while FTIR ATR, NTA, DSC, XRD and SANS provided details on their structure and physicochemical stability over time. Interestingly, one optimized pre formulation CP TRANS TTC showed phase separation after 4 months, as predicted by Raman imaging that detected lack of miscibility between its solid cetyl palmitate and liquid Transcutol lipids. SANS analyses identified lamellar arrangements inside such nanoparticles, the thickness of the lamellae been decreased by TTC. As a result of this combined approach DOE and biophysical techniques two optimized pre formulations were rationally selected, both with great potential as drug delivery systems, extending the release of the anesthetic gt; amp; 8201;48 h and reducing TTC cytotoxicity against Balb c 3T3 cell

Development Of An Algorithm For Identification And Correction Of Spikes In Raman Imaging Spectroscopy [desenvolvimento De Um Algoritmo Para Identificação E Correção De Spikes Em Espectroscopia Raman De Imagem]

Raman imaging spectroscopy is a highly useful analytical tool that provides spatial and spectral information on a sample. However, CCD detectors used in dispersive instruments present the drawback of being sensitive to cosmic rays, giving rise to spikes in Raman spectra. Spikes infuence variance structures and must be removed prior to the use of multivariate techniques. A new algorithm for correction of spikes in Raman imaging was developed using an approach based on comparison of nearest neighbor pixels. The algorithm showed characteristics including simplicity, rapidity, selectivity and high quality in spike removal from hyperspectral images.353612615Treado, P.J., Matthew, P.N., (2001) Em Raman Spectroscopy: From the Research Laboratory to the Process Line;, , Lewis, I. R.Edwards H. G. M., eds.Marcel Decker: Nova York, cap. 5Zhang, L., Henson, M., (2007) J. Appl. Spectrosc., 61, p. 1015Zhang, D., Jallad, K.N., Ben-Amotz, D., (2001) Appl. Spectrosc., 55, p. 1523Zhang, D., Ben-Amotz, D., (2002) Appl. Spectrosc., 56, p. 91Katsumoto, Y., Ozaki, Y., (2003) Appl. Spectrosc., 57, p. 317Behrend, C.J., Tarnowski, C.P., Morris, M.D., (2002) Appl. Spectrosc., 56, p. 1458Ehrentreich, F., Summchen, L., (2001) Anal. Chem., 73, p. 4364Gordon, K.C., McGoverin, C.M., (2011) Int. J. Pharm., , doi:10.1016/j. ijpharm.2010.12.030Juan, A., Tauler, R., Dyson, R., Marcolli, C., Rault, M., Maeder, M., (2004) Trend. Anal. Chem., 23, p. 70Widjaja, E., Kanaujia, P., Lau, G., Ng, W.K., Garland, M., Saal, C., Hanefeld, A., Tan, R.B.H., (2011) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 42, p. 45Henson, M.J., Zhang, L., (2006) Appl. Spectrosc., 11, p. 124

A Didactic Chemometrics Experiment For Design Of Experiments (doe): Evaluation Of Experimental Conditions In The Spectrophotometric Determination Of Iron Ii With O-phenanthroline. A Tutorial, Part Iii [experimento Didático De Quimiometria Para Planejamento De Experimentos: Avaliação Das Condições Experimentais Na Determinação Espectrofotométrica De Ferro Ii Com O-fenantrolina. Um Tutorial, Parte Iii]

The objective of this manuscript is to describe a practical experiment that can be employed for teaching concepts related to design of experiments using Matlab or Octave computing environment to beginners, undergraduate and graduate students. The classical experiment for determination of Fe (II) using o-phenanthroline was selected because it is easy to understand, and all the required materials are readily available in most analytical laboratories. The approach used in this tutorial is divided in two steps: first, the students are introduced to the concept of multivariate effects, how to calculate and interpret them, and the construction and evaluation of a linear model to describe the experimental domain by using a 23 factorial design. Second, an extension of the factorial design by adding axial points is described, thereby, providing a central composite design. The quadratic model is then introduced and used to build the response surface.373564573Souza, A.M., Poppi, R.J., (2012) Quim. Nova, 35, p. 223Souza, A.M., Breitkreitz, M.C., Filgueiras, P.R., Rohwedder, J.J.R., Poppi, R.J., (2013) Quim. Nova, , no preloMehlig, J.P., Hulett, H.R., (1942) J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 14, p. 869Barros Neto, B., Scarminio, I.S., Bruns, R.E., (2007) Como Fazer Experimentos, , 3rd ed., Unicamp: CampinasBox, G.E.P., Hunter, W.G., Hunter, J.S., (2005) Statistics For Experimenteres: Design Innovation And Discovery, , 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons: New JerseyPlackett, R.L., Burman, J.P., (1946) Biometrika, 33, p. 305Ferreira, S.L.C., Dos Santos, W.N.L., Quintella, C.M., Barros Neto, B., Bosque-Sendra, J.M., (2004) Talanta, 63, p. 1061Myers, R., Montgomery, D.C., (2002) Response Surface Methodology Process And Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, , 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons: New YorkBox, G.E.P., Draper, N.R., (1987) Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces, , Wiley: New YorkLundstedt, T., Seifert, E., Abramo, L., Theilin, B., Nystrom, A., Pettersen, J., Bergman, R., (1998) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 42, p. 3Draper, N.R., Smith, R., (1998) Applied Regression Analysis, , 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons: New YorkChristensen, R., (2000) Analysis of Variance, Design and Regression -Applied Statistical Methods, , CRC: New YorkBouzidi, N., Gozzi, C., (2008) J. Chem. Educ., 85, p. 1544Ryswyk, H.V., Hecke, G.R.V., (1991) J. Chem. Educ., 68, p. 878Pereira-Filho, E.R., Pereira, F.M.V., Lemos, S.G., (2009) Chem. Educator, 14, p. 200Teófilo, R.F., Ferreira, M.M.C., (2006) Quim. Nova, 29, p. 338Teixeira, M.F.S., Fatibello-Filho, O., Ramos, L.A., (2005) Quim. Nova, 28, p. 81

Teaching Experiment Of Chemometrics For Multivariate Calibration In Determination Of Paracetamol In Commercial Tablets Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy: A Tutorial, Part Ii [experimento Didático De Quimiometria Para Calibração Multivariada Na Determinação De Paracetamol Em Comprimidos Comerciais Utilizando Espectroscopia No Infravermelho Próximo: Um Tutorial, Parte Ii]

The aim of this manuscript was to show the basic concepts and practical application of Partial Least Squares (PLS) as a tutorial, using the Matlab computing environment for beginners, undergraduate and graduate students. As a practical example, the determination of the drug paracetamol in commercial tablets using Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was shown, an experiment that has been successfully carried out at the Chemical Institute of Campinas State University for chemistry undergraduate course students to introduce the basic concepts of multivariate calibration in a practical way.36710571065Souza, A.M., Poppi, R.J., (2012) Quim. Nova, 35, p. 223Ciurczak, E.W., (2001) Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, , Burns, D. A.Ciurczak E. W., eds. Marcel Dekker, INC.: New York, chap 2Williams, P., Norris, K.H., (1987) Near Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries, , Amer. Assoc. of Cereal Chemists: St. PaulWorkman, J.J., Weyer, L., (2008) Practical Guide to Interpretative Near- Infrared Spectroscopy, , Taylor & Francis: Boca RatonMcClure, W.F., (1994) Anal. Chem, 66, pp. 43ABosco, G., (2010) TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem, 29, p. 197Pasquini, C., (2003) J. Braz. Chem. Soc, 14, p. 198Brereton, R.G., (2000) Analyst, 125, p. 2125Rinnan, A., Van Den Berg, F., Engelsen, S.B., (2009) TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem, 28, p. 1201Martens, H., Naes, T., (1993) Multivariate Calibration, , 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons: ChichesterBeebe, K.R., Pell, R.J., Seasholtz, M.B., (1998) Chemometrics: A Practical Guide, , John Wiley & Sons: New YorkGeladi, P., Kowalski, B.R., (1986) Anal. Chim. Acta, 185, p. 1Lorber, A., Wangen, L.E., Kowalski, B.R., (1987) J. Chemom, 1, p. 19Andersson, M., (2009) J. Chemom, 23, p. 518(2005) Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis, , ASTM - American Society For Testing And Materials ASTM E 1655Roggo, I., Chalus, P., Maurer, L., Lema-Martinez, C., Edmond, A., Jent, N., (2007) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal, 44, p. 683De Bleye, C., Chavez, P.F., Mantanus, J., Hubert, P., Rozet, E., Ziemons, E., (2012) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal, 69, p. 125Yappert, M.C., (1999) J. Chem. Educ, 76, p. 315Ferreira, M.M.C., Antunes, A.M., Melgo, M.S., Volpe, P.L.O., (1999) Quim. Nova, 22, p. 724http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotsite/cd_farmacopeia/pdf/volume2.pdf, acessado em Dezembro 201

Injectable in situ forming nanogel: a hybrid Alginate-NLC formulation extends bupivacaine anesthetic effect

Finding an ideal anesthetic agent for postoperative pain control, with long action and low side effects, is still a challenge. Local anesthetics have potential for such application if their time of action is improved. This work introduces a new hybrid formulation formed by the association of a nanostructured lipid carrier with a biopolymeric system to encapsulate bupivacaine (BVC). The hybrid formulation was physicochemical and structurally characterized by DLS, TEM, DSC, XRD and FTIR-ATR, and it remained stable for 12 months at room temperature. In vivo analgesia and imaging tests showed that the hybrid system was able to modulate the release, and to increase the concentration of BVC at the site of action, by forming a nanogel in situ. Such nanogel improved over 5 times (>24 h) the anesthesia duration, when compared to free BVC at clinical (0.5%) doses. Therefore, this novel in situ-forming nanogel shows great potential to be used in postsurgical pain control, improving the action of BVC, without losing its versatility of (infiltrative) application10