The metamorphosis of the far right in Hungary: the case of Jobbik

One of the most successful far-right parties in Hungary and among the Visegrad Four states, Jobbik, has moderated and transformed into centrist people's party. This thesis analyzes the incentives and effects of repositioning the far-right party on mainstream politics in Hungary. The metamorphosis of the Movement for a Better Hungary has entailed overriding changes, starting from the emergence of breakaway extreme-right groups to the rhetorical shifts of the ruling party. The study fosters an understanding of the strategy shift of the far-right and enhances the paucity of data regarding the outlined phenomenon by virtue of expert interviews with party members and employing primary data derived from the analysis of party electoral manifesto and declarations. To advance understanding of the far-right strategy shift, demand- and supply-side factors, and its reverberations, the thesis embraces various facets of the populist radical right party family, gauging populism, ethnonationalism, nativism, and copious determinants that have stipulated this shift. Apart from electoral opportunism, the Hungarian tradition of the far-right, socio-economic and extrinsic factors are analyzed. In the course of changing political and economic situation emanated by the Russo-Ukrainian war, moderation of fringe politics has entailed mainstreaming extremism and the more rigid rhetoric of Fidesz. The 2022 Hungarian National Assembly elections paved the way for these changes after unprecedented unanimity of the opposition when former far-right Jobbik cooperated with leftist and conservative parties

Detection of experimental ERP effects in combined EEG-fMRI: evaluating the benefits of interleaved acquisition and Independent Component Analysis

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Clinical Neurophysiology . Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2011 Vol. 122 Issue 2, pp. 267-77 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.06.033Objective The present study examined the benefit of rapid alternation of EEG and fMRI (a common strategy for avoiding artifact caused by rapid switching of MRI gradients) for detecting experimental modulations of ERPs in combined EEG–fMRI. The study also assessed the advantages of aiding the extraction of specific ERP components by means of signal decomposition using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Methods ‘Go–nogo’ task stimuli were presented either during fMRI scanning or in the gaps between fMRI scans, resulting in ‘gradient’ and ‘no-gradient’ ERPs. ‘Go–nogo’ differences in the N2 and P3 components were subjected to conventional ERP analysis, as well as single-trial and reliability analyses. Results Comparable N2 and P3 enhancement on ‘nogo’ trials was found in the ‘gradient’ and ‘no-gradient’ ERPs. ICA-based signal decomposition resulted in better validity (as indicated by topography), greater stability and lower measurement error of the predicted ERP effects. Conclusions While there was little or no benefit of acquiring ERPs in the gaps between fMRI scans, ICA decomposition did improve the detection of experimental ERP modulations. Significance Simultaneous and continuous EEG–fMRI acquisition is preferable to interleaved protocols. ICA-based decomposition is useful not only for artifact cancellation, but also for the extraction of specific ERP components

ბილ კლინტონის ჯანდაცვის რეფორმები: წარუმატებლობის მიზეზები

President of the United States of America Bill Clinton has stated his presidency with the health care reform. Despite huge efforts and support he couldn’t succeed. The research address key reasons for failure of the reform: difficulties to regulate private insurance marketplace, difficulties to control expenditures for fulfillment the reform, the amount of expenditure itself. Big part of population was not ready for the radical reform of insurance systems, the business sector was against the reform, because employers were imposed huge responsibility to the employees in regard to their insurance.ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების პრეზიდენტმა ბილ კლინტონმა თავისი მმართველობა ჯანდაცვის სისტემის რეფორმით დაიწყო, თუმცა დიდი ძალისხმევის და მხარდაჭერის მიუხედავად ვერ შეძლო მისი გატარება. კვლევაში განხილულია კლინტონის ჯანდაცვის რეფორმის წარუმატებლობის ძირითადი მიზეზები: კერძო სადაზღვეო ბაზრის რეგულირების სირთულე, რეფორმის განხორციელებისათვის საჭირო ხარჯებზე კონტროლის სირთულე, ხარჯების დიდი მოცულობა, მოსახლეობის დიდი ნაწილი არ აღმოჩნდა მზად ჯანდაცვის სისტემის რადიკალური რეფორმირებისათვის, ბიზნეს სექტორმა ყველაზე დიდი წინააღმდეგობა გაუწია რეფორმას, რადგან რეფორმა დამსაქმებლებს უდიდეს პასუხისმგებლობას ეკისრებდა თითეული დასაქმებულის დაზღვევისთვალსაზრისით