94 research outputs found
Adaptation and validation of a German version of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire
BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple long-term conditions often face a variety of challenges arising from the requirements of their health care. Knowledge of perceived treatment burden is crucial for optimizing treatment. In this study, we aimed to create a German version of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and to evaluate its validity. METHODS: The steps to translate the MTBQ included forward/back translation, cognitive interviews (nâ=â6) and a pilot test (nâ=â7). Psychometric properties of the scale were assessed in a cross-sectional survey with primary care patients aged 65 and older with at least 3 long-term conditions (nâ=â344). We examined the distribution of responses, dimensionality, internal reliability and construct validity. RESULTS: Cognitive interviewing and piloting led to minor modifications and showed overall good face validity and acceptability. As expected, we observed a positively skewed response distribution for all items. Reliability was acceptable with McDonaldâs omegaâ=â0.71. Factor analysis suggested one common factor while model fit indices were inconclusive. Predefined hypotheses regarding the construct validity were supported by negative associations between treatment burden and health-related quality of life, self-rated health, social support, patient activation and medication adherence, and positive associations between treatment burden and number of comorbidities. Treatment burden was found to be higher in female participants (Mdn(1)â=â6.82, Mdn(2)â=â4.55; Uâ=â11,729, pâ=â0.001) and participants with mental health diagnoses (Mdn(1)â=â9.10, Mdn(2)â=â4.55; Uâ=â3172, pâ=â0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The German MTBQ exhibited good psychometric properties and can be used to assess the perceived treatment burden of patients with multimorbidity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-022-01993-z
Continuity for s-convex fuzzy processes
In a previous paper we introduced the concept of s-convex fuzzy mapping and
established some properties. In this work we study the continuity for s-convex
fuzzy processes
Exact controllability of non-Lipschitz semilinear systems
We present sufficient conditions for exact controllability of a semilinear infinite-dimensional dynamical system. The system mild solution is formed by a noncompact semigroup and a nonlinear disturbance that does not need to be Lipschitz continuous. Our main result is based on a fixed point-type application of the Schmidt existence theorem and illustrated by a nonlinear transport partial differential equation
Recent progress in random metric theory and its applications to conditional risk measures
The purpose of this paper is to give a selective survey on recent progress in
random metric theory and its applications to conditional risk measures. This
paper includes eight sections. Section 1 is a longer introduction, which gives
a brief introduction to random metric theory, risk measures and conditional
risk measures. Section 2 gives the central framework in random metric theory,
topological structures, important examples, the notions of a random conjugate
space and the Hahn-Banach theorems for random linear functionals. Section 3
gives several important representation theorems for random conjugate spaces.
Section 4 gives characterizations for a complete random normed module to be
random reflexive. Section 5 gives hyperplane separation theorems currently
available in random locally convex modules. Section 6 gives the theory of
random duality with respect to the locally convex topology and in
particular a characterization for a locally convex module to be
prebarreled. Section 7 gives some basic results on convex
analysis together with some applications to conditional risk measures. Finally,
Section 8 is devoted to extensions of conditional convex risk measures, which
shows that every representable type of conditional convex risk
measure and every continuous type of convex conditional risk measure
() can be extended to an type
of lower semicontinuous conditional convex risk measure and an
type of continuous
conditional convex risk measure (), respectively.Comment: 37 page
The troubling concept of class: reflecting on our âfailureâ to encourage sociology students to re-cognise their classed locations using autobiographical methods
The troubling concept of class: reflecting on our âfailureâ to encourage sociology students to re-cognise their classed locations using autobiographical methods Abstract This paper provides a narrative of the four authorsâ commitment to auto/biographical methods as teachers and researchers in ânewâ universities. As they went about their work, they observed that, whereas students engage with the gendered, sexualised and racialised processes when negotiating their identities, they are reluctant or unable to conceptualise âclass-ifyingâ processes as key determinants of their life chances. This general inability puzzled the authors, given the studentsâ predominantly working-class backgrounds. Through application of their own stories, the authors explore the sociological significance of this pedagogical âfailureâ to account for the troubling concept of class not only in the classroom but also in contemporary society
Set optimization - a rather short introduction
Recent developments in set optimization are surveyed and extended including
various set relations as well as fundamental constructions of a convex analysis
for set- and vector-valued functions, and duality for set optimization
problems. Extensive sections with bibliographical comments summarize the state
of the art. Applications to vector optimization and financial risk measures are
discussed along with algorithmic approaches to set optimization problems
Der virtuelle Raum als Double - oder: zur Persistenz hierarchischer Gesellschaftsstruktur im Netz
Der raumsoziologische Beitrag diskutiert, was die mit der Technologie des Internets einhergehende Virtualisierung fĂŒr eine sich Ă€ndernde Gesellschaftsordnung bedeuten kann. Anhand ihres methodologischen RaumZeit-Modells zeigt die Autorin, dass die virtuelle RealitĂ€t des Internets eine doppelte materiale Gestalt hervorbringt. Als Double ergĂ€nzt der virtuelle Raum den realen. Die Ausgangsannahme lautet, dass die bĂŒrgerlich-moderne Gesellschaft Raum als ZweidimensionalitĂ€t und als BehĂ€lter sowie Zeit als messbar und linear hervorgebracht hat. Entgegen vielfach geĂ€uĂerter EinschĂ€tzungen revolutioniert das Internet nicht Vorstellungen und Praxis von Raum und Zeit, sondern es perfektioniert die bĂŒrgerliche Konstruktion des ideal beherrschbaren Lebens. Der Hypothese folgend, dass die neuen virtuellen RealitĂ€ten verĂ€nderte MaterialitĂ€ten etablieren, werden verschiedene Zukunftsszenarien am Beispiel des GeschlechterverhĂ€ltnisses durchgespielt
Learning to Think Iconically in the Human and Social Sciences: Iconic Standards of Understanding as a Pivotal Challenge for Method Development
Theoretically as well as alongside an empirical research idea, this paper outlines conditions for the development of social scientific empirical methods able to further exploit the iconic potential of the image. Reconstructing the role of formal pictorial elements for the standards of understanding within the medium âimageâ is considered pivotal in this endeavor. Within the context of language, standards of communication have already been extensively researched. The linguistic format of the narrative, for instance, is well studied. Up to now, though, comparable formal vehicles of iconic semantics have only been examined in aesthetics and art history. Nevertheless, standards of iconic understanding are part of our implicit knowledge, are incessantly in use in everyday practice and, thus, the basis of everyday identity formation. With the help of empirical methods based on an iconic logos we can deepen our understanding of orientations, longings, and anxieties of our time that are often silently conveyed by images. Fashion will be outlined as a prototypical field, in which an empirically based development of such methods might start off
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