A Comparison between the GCA/GATF off-press proof comparator and the GATF standard offset color control bar for identifying when a cromalin off-press proof is prepared to specification for web offset publication

Off-press proofing is a method of simulating the way a set of separation negatives or positives will look when printed without having to go to the printing press. In 1965, The Graphic Arts Technical Foundation (GATF) developed a proofing control device for production Lithography. The Standard Offset Color Control Bar was also utilized for off-press proofing. In 1983, The Graphic Communications Association, in cooperation with GATF, introduced The Off-Press Proof Comparator. This control device was designed specifically for this technology and intended to be used by both technical and non-technical personnel with equal and successful results. This thesis is concerned with the accuracy of both proofing bars using the Du Pont Cromalin system of off -press proofing to determine whether one control bar is better for judging whether a proof is made correctly to SWOP standards. It is also concerned with whether one control bar is more versatile than the other for both technical or non-technical personnel to use. The experiment consisted of a total sample population of forty experts from four different fields of the graphic arts industry. These four groups represent technical and non-technical users. Each participant was asked to look at samples of each color bar and choose which sample was made to SWOP standards. The results were applied to statistical methods of evaluation to give a final result. The final results of this thesis support The Graphic Communications Association\u27s claim that the Off-Press Proof Comparator in not only more accurate, but also more versatile for all members of the graphic arts community. The implications of this thesis are that a master comparative device can aid in evaluating if proofs are made correctly- A pictorial element is a helpful reference tool when used in conjunction with the master comparative device. A greater emphasis needs to be placed on viewing off-press proofs under corrected viewing conditions

Pomerons and Lattices: a Progress Report

We report on some attempts to use lattice QCD to investigate topics in strong interactions phenomenology which are usually interpreted in terms of soft Pomeron exchange.Comment: Talk presented at LAT96, 3 pages, Latex, one style file and 2 PostScript pictures include

The Bovine Rumen Microbiome Revealed by Different Fractions of Rumen Contents

The bovine rumen microbiota is very important in terms of animal functionality and digestion. The fermentative capability of the rumen provides means for the digestion of complex plant material that is indigestible by humans. The rumen is the working ground for millions of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, to digest and ferment feed into volatile fatty acids and bacterial protein for the animal’s energy and protein needs, respectively. Of significant importance is the rumen microbiomes ability to conform to certain factors such as genetics, feed, or geographic location. These changes can have a direct measure on animal growth, health, and performance. The possibility of productivity boosts in the cattle industry make the rumen microbiome a hot topic in the field of livestock research. A consistent and accurate method for the fractionation of rumen contents would improve the ability for researchers to detect differences found in rumen microbiomes among different animals and treatments. The objective of this study was to determine the view that five different sampling methods of rumen contents would have on the rumen microbiome. Steers fed on hay and fresh pasture wheat were used, which also highlight differences found between diets. Next generation sequencing was used to sequence the V4 region of bacterial 16sRNA. Results were analyzed via Mothur and visualized using R. The results of this study provided no significant differences between fractionation methods, however noteworthy differences were observed between the two diets. Due to the lack of differences between methods, the best method was chosen based on time efficiency and simplicity. However, this study allows research scientists to pick the method of choice without sacrificing the accuracy of results. The importance of this study provides a step towards the universalization of the methods for studying the rumen microbiome, therefore creating consistent results across multiple studies

The Bovine Rumen Microbiome Revealed by Different Fractions of Rumen Contents

The bovine rumen microbiota is very important in terms of animal functionality and digestion. The fermentative capability of the rumen provides means for the digestion of complex plant material that is indigestible by humans. The rumen microbiota is made up of billions of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, that digest and ferment feed into volatile fatty acids and bacterial protein for the animal’s energy and protein needs, respectively. Changes to the rumen microbiota can have a direct measure on animal growth, health, and performance. The possibility of productivity boosts in the cattle industry make the rumen microbiome a hot topic in the field of livestock research. A consistent and accurate method for the fractionation of rumen contents would improve the ability for researchers to detect differences found in rumen microbiomes among different animals and treatments. The objective of this study was to determine the view that five different sampling methods of rumen contents would have on the rumen microbiome. Steers fed hay and fresh pasture wheat were used, which also highlights differences found between diets. Next generation sequencing was used to sequence the V4 region of bacterial 16sRNA. Results were analyzed via Mothur, an open source command-line used to analyze sequencing data in microbial communities, and visualized using R, a command-line software used for statistical analysis and graphical display. The results of this study provided no significant differences between fractionation methods; however, noteworthy differences were observed between the two diets. Due to the lack of differences between methods, the best method was chosen based on time, efficiency, and simplicity. The results of this study allow research scientists to pick the method of choice without sacrificing the accuracy of results

The perturbative odderon in elastic p p and p pbar scattering

Different models for the odderon-proton coupling are considered and their effects on the differential cross section in the dip region in elastic p p and p pbar scattering are investigated. An allowed range for the size of a possible diquark cluster in the proton can be obtained from a geometrical model.Comment: Talk presented at the conference QCD 02 in Montpellier, France. 4 pages, 3 figure

Experimental study of Pomeron

A Pomeron phenomenon remains a mystery. A short review of the experimental situation in diffractive physics and an account of some spectacular manifestations of the Pomeron are given.Comment: 17 pages, 7 Figs, LATEX. Talk given at the conference "From the smallest to largest distances", ITEP, Moscow, 24-26 May 2001. Changes: Fig.2 replace

Pomeron physics: an update

Key issues in pomeron physics include whether the hard and soft pomerons are distinct objects, and whether the hard pomeron is already present in amplitudes at $Q^2=0$. It is urgent to learn how to combine perturbative and nonperturbative concepts, and to construct a sound theory of perturbative evolution at small $x$. Other questions are whether screening corrections are small, and gap survival probabilities large. Finally, do diffractive processes present a good way to discover the Higgs?Comment: 12 pages, 23 figures embedded with epsf Summary talk at Diffraction2000, Calabria, September 200