32 research outputs found

    Management of root-knot nematodes in okra through grafting onto kenaf and false roselle

    Get PDF
    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de quiabo enxertado em Hibiscus spp. na presença e na ausência de três espécies de nematoides-de-galha. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x4, com dez repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído pelos quatro seguintes porta-enxertos: vinagreira-roxa (Hibiscus cannabinus), vinagreira-flor-de-veludo (Hibiscus acetosella), autoenxertia e pé-franco. O segundo fator foi a inoculação de 5.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estágio de Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica e Meloidogyne enterolobii em plantas de quiabo, além de testemunha não inoculada. Foram avaliados desenvolvimento vegetativo, desempenho agronômico e reprodução do nematoide. A enxertia de quiabo em Hibiscus spp. na presença de nematoides proporcionou maiores altura de planta, comprimento de enxerto, massa fresca da parte aérea, número de frutos e produtividade, em comparação às plantas autoenxertadas e pé-franco. As médias do fator de reprodução dos nematoides foram baixas nas plantas enxertadas em Hibiscus spp., o que indica que a enxertia na presença de nematoides é capaz de manter o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a produção do quiabo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of okra grafted onto Hibiscus spp. in the presence and absence of three root‑knot nematode species. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial arrangement with ten replicates. The first factor consisted of the following four rootstocks: kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), false roselle (Hibiscus acetosella), self-grafted, and non-grafted. The second factor was the inoculation of 5,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and Meloidogyne enterolobii in okra plants, plus an uninoculated control. Vegetative development, agronomic performance, and nematode reproduction were evaluated. The grafting of okra onto Hibiscus spp. in the presence of root-knot nematodes provided a greater plant height, scion length, fresh shoot mass, number of fruits, and yield, when compared with self-grafted and non-grafted plants. The averages of the root-knot nematode reproduction factor were low in the plants grafted onto Hibiscus spp., indicating that grafting in the presence of root-knot nematodes is capable of maintaining okra vegetative development and yield

    Diagrammatic scale for evaluation of Bremia lactucae sporulation in lettuce seedlings

    Get PDF
    ABSTRACT In disease assessment, the use of diagrammatic scales provides a standard reference point for comparison. There is still no precise and accurate scale for the evaluation of sporulation intensity of downy mildew in lettuce seedlings. The objective of this study was to propose a diagrammatic scale for the evaluation of downy mildew severity in lettuce seedlings. Thirty lettuce seedlings with different sporulation intensities were used to develop the proposed diagrammatic scale. Solaris lettuce cultivar was sown, and fifteen days after sowing, inoculations occurred using distilled water, the pathogen sporangia, and Tween 20. The monitoring of disease development was performed daily.When the first sporulation appeared on the cotyledonaryleaves,the proposed scale was verified to meet the minimum and maximum levels of disease severity. Two evaluators verified the accuracy, precision and performed the estimation of the sporulation and reproducibility using a scale. The images obtained are important in the standardization of a scale to identify resistant, tolerant and susceptible plants to downy mildew. Furthermore, it allows validating a diagrammatic scale of sporulation intensity of B. lactucae in lettuce seedlings. Thus, it is the diagrammatic scale developed in the work will guide future research to accelerate the detection of mildew severity in lettuce seedlings

    Management of root-knot nematodes in okra through grafting onto kenaf and false roselle

    Get PDF
    Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of okra grafted onto Hibiscus spp. in the presence and absence of three root knot nematode species. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial arrangement with ten replicates. The first factor consisted of the following four rootstocks: kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), false roselle (Hibiscus acetosella), self-grafted, and non-grafted. The second factor was the inoculation of 5,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and Meloidogyne enterolobii in okra plants, plus an uninoculated control. Vegetative development, agronomic performance, and nematode reproduction were evaluated. The grafting of okra onto Hibiscus spp. in the presence of root-knot nematodes provided a greater plant height, scion length, fresh shoot mass, number of fruits, and yield, when compared with self-grafted and non-grafted plants. The averages of the root-knot nematode reproduction factor were low in the plants grafted onto Hibiscus spp., indicating that grafting in the presence of root-knot nematodes is capable of maintaining okra vegetative development and yield

    DENSIDADE DE PLANTIO NA CULTURA DO QUIABO

    Get PDF
    O quiabeiro cultivado em espaçamentos maiores caracteriza-se pela emissão de ramificações laterais, o que é menos frequente quando se aumenta a densidade de plantas. Pelo exposto o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas e entre plantas sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produção das cultivares de quiabeiro ‘Santa Cruz 47’ e ‘Colhe Bem IAC’. Empregou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x2x4, compreendendo duas cultivares (‘Santa Cruz 47’ e ‘Colhe Bem IAC’), dois espaçamentos entre linhas (1,00 e 1,20 m) e quatro espaçamentos entre plantas (0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40 m), constituindo 16 tratamentos com três repetições. O espaçamento entre plantas afetou o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas e também a produção de frutos. A maior densidade de plantas reduziu o número de hastes produtivas e consequentemente resultou em menor massa e número de frutos por planta, no entanto, proporcionou as maiores produtividades

    Porta- enxertos para tomateiro conduzido com quatro hastes

    Get PDF
    Uma das formas de melhoria da qualidade e da produção do tomateiro é a adoção de técnicas adequadas de manejo da cultura, destacando-se o uso da enxertia e o método de condução das plantas. Contudo, no Brasil, há falta de informações que estimulem essas práticas. Por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de porta-enxertos para tomateiro, com vigoroso sistema radicular, conduzido com quatro hastes, em fibra da casca de coco, em ambiente protegido. Adotou-se o espaçamento de 2,0 m entrelinhas e 0,40 m entre plantas. Para isso, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo, os tratamentos, dois porta-enxertos (‘Maxifort’ e ‘Multifort’), autoenxertia (‘Alambra’ em ‘Alambra’), e o pé franco (‘Alambra’). Cada parcela foi constituída de 20 plantas, sendo avaliadas as 14 plantas centrais. Não houve efeito significativo no uso dos porta-enxertos sobre as características de produção e de qualidade dos frutos. Na avaliação do estado nutricional, houve diferenças para os teores de P, Mg e Ca em plantas enxertadas. Portanto, os porta-enxertos ‘Maxifort’ e ‘Multifort’, cultivados nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, não proporcionaram aumento da produção e da qualidade dos frutos.One way of improving the quality and production of tomato is the adoption of appropriate techniques for crop management, especially the use of grafting and conduction method of the plants. However, in Brazil, there is a lack of information to encourage such practices. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of rootstocks for tomato plants, with vigorous root system, conducted with four stems, in coconut fiber, under protected cultivation. The adopted spacing was 2.0 m between rows and 0.40 m between plants. For this, we used a randomized block design with four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of two rootstocks (“Maxifort” and “Multifort”), self-grafted (“Alambra” in “Alambra”), and ungrafted (“Alambra”). Each plot consisted of 20 plants, out of which the 14 central plants were evaluated. There was no significant effect on yield and fruit quality. In the assessment of nutritional status, there were no differences in the levels of P, Mg, and Ca in grafted plants. Therefore, the rootstocks Maxifort and Multifort, grown under conditions in which the experiment was conducted, did not increase the production and quality of fruits

    Identificación de genotipos de lechuga crespa cultivados para un amplio rango de ambientes

    Get PDF
    This work aims to select crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) genotypes superior in production, stability, and adaptability using a mixed model method: restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction. Ten genotypes were grown in different municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and seasons of the year, resulting in twelve different environments. The experiment has a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Genotypes comprise eight breeding lines and two commercial cultivars, Vanda and Vera. The evaluated traits include total production in g/plant, commercial production in g/plant, and numbers of leaves/plant. Analysis of joint deviance indicated that the genotypes responded differently to the environments evaluated. The crisphead lettuce breeding lines that were most productive, stable, and adapted to the twelve lettuce-growing environments, even outperforming the commercial Vanda and Vera cultivars, were lines L8, L2, and L6.El objetivo de este trabajo fue seleccionar genotipos superiores de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sativa L) en términos de producción, estabilidad y adaptabilidad, cultivados en diferentes municipios y estaciones del año en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, mediante la metodología de modelos mixtos: máxima probabilidad residual o restringida/mejor predicción lineal no sesgada. El diseño experimental utilizado fue el de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y diez genotipos compuestos de ocho líneas y los cultivares comerciales Vanda y Vera, que se plantaron en doce ambientes diferentes. Los caracteres evaluados fueron producción total en g/planta, producción comercial en g/planta y número de hojas/planta. El análisis de desviación conjunta indicó que los genotipos presentaron respuestas diferentes en los diferentes ambientes evaluados. Las líneas de lechuga crespa más productivas, estables y adaptadas a los doce ambientes de cultivo de lechuga que superaron a los cultivares comerciales Vanda y Vera fueron: L8, L2 y L6

    Quantificação do dano causado por Meloidogyne enterolobii em quiabeiro

    Get PDF
    The objective of this work was to estimate the damage caused by Meloidogyne enterolobii in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and to verify the reliability of the reproduction factor as a suitable measure for selecting resistant okra genotypes. Increasing populations of M. enterolobii – 0, 500, 1,500, 3,000, 5,000, and 7,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) per plant, – were evaluated, in a completely randomized design. The pathogen showed a parasitism pattern similar to that of M. incognita, causing a significant decrease in morphological and agronomic traits. The pathogen reproduction factor should be used in the selection of okra genotypes for tolerance to M. enterolobii, in populations above 3,000 eggs or J2.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os danos causados por Meloidogyne enterolobii em quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus) e verificar a confiabilidade do fator de reprodução como medição adequada para a seleção de genótipos de quiabeiro resistentes. Avaliaram-se populações crescentes de M. enterolobii – 0, 500, 1.500, 3.000, 5.000 e 7.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) por planta –, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O patógeno apresentou padrão de parasitismo similar ao de M. incognita, tendo causado redução significativa de parâmetros morfológicos e agronômicos. O fator de reprodução do patógeno deve ser usado na seleção de genótipos de quiabeiro quanto à tolerância a M. enterolobii, em populações acima de 3.000 ovos ou J2

    Cucurbits powdery mildew race identity and reaction of melon genotypes

    Get PDF
    Genetic resistance is one of the most suitable strategies to control cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) on melon, incited by Podosphaera xanthii or Golovinomyces orontii. However, many races of these pathogens have been reported worldwide in recent years, what may compromise the effectiveness of this method. Thus, annual surveys of CPM races and the screening of germplasm for new sources of genetic resistance provide a vital support to melon breeding programs. This study aimed at identifying a natural population of CPM race under greenhouse conditions, as well as evaluating the reaction of local and exotic melon germplasm for CPM-resistance. CPM race identity was based on the reaction of eight race differentials: Védrantais, Nantais Oblong, PMR 45, PMR 5, WMR 29, Edisto 47, PI 414723 and PI 124111. Fifty-nine melon genotypes were evaluated, 53 of them being germplasm accessions, and six net melon elite-inbred lines, besides two net melon-type cultivars (Louis and Fantasy). Plants were evaluated using a visual scale for leaf lesions. The causal pathogen was confirmed to be P. xanthii, based on the presence of fibrosin bodies in conidia and the complete resistance response of winter melon (Benincasa hispida). Race 4 was identified for the first time in the São Paulo state, Brazil. Genotypes A19, A30, A32, C67, C384, JAB-3, JAB-7, JAB-9, JAB-11, JAB-18, JAB-20 and Solarking showed to be resistant to the race 4

    Estabilidade e adaptabilidade em linhagens de alface‑crespa por modelo misto REML/Blup

    Get PDF
    The objective of this work was to estimate the stability and genotypic adaptability of advanced lines and cultivars of curled green-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa), in different growing environments and seasons, using the REML/Blup mixed model. Ten genotypes, seven cropping environments, and two growing seasons were studied in 2015. Plant yield traits were evaluated, and data were subjected to the Selegen-REML/Blup software. Genotype stability and adaptability were analyzed using the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV) and the relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), respectively. The harmonic mean of RPGV (HMRPGV) was used to simultaneously estimate the stability, adaptability, and yield of breeding lines or cultivars. Considering the combined analysis of the two seasons for the set of traits, the lines L6, L7,and L8 were selected as promising ones and recommended for planting. The breeding lines selected for all season exhibit good yield and are considered superior to the commercial cultivars Vanda and Vera.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade genotípica de linhagens avançadas e cultivares de alface-crespa (Lactuca sativa), em diferentes sistemas de cultivos e épocas, pelo modelo misto REML/Blup. Foram avaliados dez genótipos de alface, sete sistemas de cultivo e duas épocas, em 2015. Avaliaram-se os caracteres de produção das plantas, e os dados foram submetidos ao programa Selegen-REML/Blup. A estabilidade e a adaptabilidade genotípica foram analisadas pelos métodos da média harmônica dos valores genotípicos (MHVG) e do desempenho relativo dos valores genotípicos (PRVG), respectivamente. A média harmônica do PRVG (MHPRVG) foi utilizada para estimar simultaneamente a estabilidade, a adaptabilidade e a produtividade das linhagens e das cultivares. Ao se considerar a análise conjunta das duas épocas para o conjunto dos caracteres, as linhagens L6, L7 e L8 foram selecionadas como promissoras e recomendadas para plantio. As linhagens selecionadas para todas as épocas apresentam bons rendimentos e são consideradas  superiores às cultivares comerciais Vanda e Vera

    Monitoramento de raças de Bremia lactucae em 2010 e 2011 no Estado de São Paulo

    No full text
    A alface é uma das mais importantes hortaliças folhosas cultivadas no Brasil. Porém, com a intensificação da produção, a dificuldade em se cultivar essa hortaliça tem aumentado principalmente pela infestação das áreas de produção pelo fitopatógeno Bremia lactucae Regel, agente causador do míldio, uma das principais doenças da alface. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar raças de Bremia lactucae nos anos de 2010 e 2011 nos principais municípios produtores de alface do Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, coletaram-se folhas com esporângios de B. lactucae em municípios produtores de alface, sendo que cada amostra foi considerada um isolado, totalizando 56 e 96 nos anos de 2010 e 2011, respectivamente. Os esporângios coletados foram multiplicados na cultivar suscetível Solaris, com posterior inoculação nas cultivares diferenciadoras, realizando-se as avaliações no mesmo dia do aparecimento da primeira esporulação na cultivar suscetível 'Green Tower' (DM 0). No ano de 2010, identificou-se um novo código de B. lactucae em alface (63/31/03/00), correspondente a uma nova raça na qual se propôs a denominação de SPBl:07. No ano de 2011, outros dois códigos de B. lactucae foram identificados (31/63/51/00 e 31/63/9/00), aos quais se propôs as denominações de SPBl:08 e SPBl:09, respectivamente.Lettuce is one of the most important leafy vegetables grown in Brazil. However, intensification of its production has led to increased difficulty in cultivating this vegetable, especially due to infestation of producing areas with the phytopathogen Bremia lactucae Regel, the causative agent of downy mildew, one of the worst diseases affecting lettuce. The aim of this study was to identify B. lactucae races in 2010 and 2011 in major lettuce producing cities in the state of São Paulo. Thus, leaves with sporangia of B. lactucae were collected from lettuce producing cities and each sample was considered an isolate, totaling 56 and 96 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The collected sporangia were multiplied in the susceptible cultivar Solaris, with subsequent inoculation into the differentiating cultivars, and evaluations were performed on the same day of the onset of the first sporulation in the susceptible cultivar 'Green Tower' (DM 0). In 2010, a new code of B. lactucae in lettuce was identified (63/31/03/00), corresponding to a new race to which the name SPBl:07 was proposed. In 2011, two other codes of B. lactucae were identified (31/63/9/00 and 31/63/51/00), to which the names SPBl:08 and SPBl:09 were proposed, respectively.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
    corecore