Taking into account soils and climate change in assessing the production potential of a legume crop of interest: pea

International audienc

Taking into account soils and climate change in assessing the production potential of a legume crop of interest: pea

International audienceIn the current context of climate change and increasing pressure on resources, the agricultural production model isbeing questioned. The challenge of a more autonomous, efficient and sustainable production of proteins must bemet by increasing the use of legumes in French cropping systems. The pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop model “AzodynPea” will be used to identify zones and management techniques favorable to the crop in Burgundy-Franche-Comté(eastern France), taking into account abiotic stresses, such as winter frost or water deficit. The first step in this processis the mapping of current soil properties and current and future climate characteristics of the region. Regionalizeddaily climate data at 8 km resolution were obtained by simulation for the historical period 1980-2005 and for theprospective period 2006-2100, exploring two climate change trajectories: an optimistic (RCP 4.5) and a pessimisticone (RCP 8.5). The soil data were extracted from the Regional Soil Geographical DataBase and then processed tocreate a new semantic database in addition to the spatial data (Soil Map Unit polygons-SMU). The characteristics ofthe majority Soil Typological Units (STU) in each SMU have been kept. Variables such as soil depth, pH and organicmatter were directly read from the database while others such as the soil available water capacity (AWC) or the bulkdensity were deduced from the semantic data using pedotransfer functions. The second step of the process was themapping, in Burgundy-Franche-Comté, of historical (1980-2005) and prospective (2006-2100) flowering dates usingclimatic data for two pea varieties (one winter and one spring) and one sowing date per variety

Taking into account soils and climate change in assessing the production potential of a legume crop of interest: pea

International audienc

Taking into account soils and climate change in assessing the production potential of a legume crop of interest: pea

International audienceIn the current context of climate change and increasing pressure on resources, the agricultural production model isbeing questioned. The challenge of a more autonomous, efficient and sustainable production of proteins must bemet by increasing the use of legumes in French cropping systems. The pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop model “AzodynPea” will be used to identify zones and management techniques favorable to the crop in Burgundy-Franche-Comté(eastern France), taking into account abiotic stresses, such as winter frost or water deficit. The first step in this processis the mapping of current soil properties and current and future climate characteristics of the region. Regionalizeddaily climate data at 8 km resolution were obtained by simulation for the historical period 1980-2005 and for theprospective period 2006-2100, exploring two climate change trajectories: an optimistic (RCP 4.5) and a pessimisticone (RCP 8.5). The soil data were extracted from the Regional Soil Geographical DataBase and then processed tocreate a new semantic database in addition to the spatial data (Soil Map Unit polygons-SMU). The characteristics ofthe majority Soil Typological Units (STU) in each SMU have been kept. Variables such as soil depth, pH and organicmatter were directly read from the database while others such as the soil available water capacity (AWC) or the bulkdensity were deduced from the semantic data using pedotransfer functions. The second step of the process was themapping, in Burgundy-Franche-Comté, of historical (1980-2005) and prospective (2006-2100) flowering dates usingclimatic data for two pea varieties (one winter and one spring) and one sowing date per variety

Analyse des circuits de pâturage des grands troupeaux laitiers en AOP Comté

Nous avons conduit des enquêtes semi - directives dans le Jura (39) chez 10 producteurs de lait à Comté ayant plus de 70 VL. Les exploitations ont été choisies en fonction de leur situation géographique variant de la plaine au 2ème plateau.Pour chaque élevage, nous avons reconstitué le planning de pâturage et schématisé le parcellaire. Nous avons évalué les compléments distribués affouragement en vert sous forme d’herbe ou de maïs, concentrés, foin) et calculé la surface maximale allouée au pâturage des VL sur l’ensemble de la saison (Tableau 1). Les données récoltées ont été complétées par le calcul de la part de lait autonome (produit à partir des fourrages de l’exploitation) par rapport au lait total produit, à partir des données mensuelles du Contrôle Laitier

Analyse des circuits de pâturage des grands troupeaux laitiers en AOP Comté

Nous avons conduit des enquêtes semi - directives dans le Jura (39) chez 10 producteurs de lait à Comté ayant plus de 70 VL. Les exploitations ont été choisies en fonction de leur situation géographique variant de la plaine au 2ème plateau.Pour chaque élevage, nous avons reconstitué le planning de pâturage et schématisé le parcellaire. Nous avons évalué les compléments distribués affouragement en vert sous forme d’herbe ou de maïs, concentrés, foin) et calculé la surface maximale allouée au pâturage des VL sur l’ensemble de la saison (Tableau 1). Les données récoltées ont été complétées par le calcul de la part de lait autonome (produit à partir des fourrages de l’exploitation) par rapport au lait total produit, à partir des données mensuelles du Contrôle Laitier

Long term response of water and nitrogen fluxes to Good Agricultural Practices at field and catchment scales

International audienceFacing the nitrate pollution problem, the European Union has encouraged a code of “Good Agricultural Practices” (GAP) in order to recover a good chemical and ecological status of waterbodies. In this study, we hypothesized that the systematic application of GAP in time and space would allow to meet the EU standard of nitrate concentration (50 mg NO3 L−1) under arable cropping systems. Water and nitrogen fluxes were determined in an agricultural catchment (187 ha) during 22 years after GAP implementation, at field and catchment scales. The aquifer outlet is a set of springs which were monitored for water flow and nitrate concentration. GAP management mainly consisted in adjusting N fertilization rates and establishing catch crops. Crop N uptake, soil water and mineral N were measured respectively two and three times per year on 36 sites representing soil variability. These data were used to initialize the STICS model which simulated the fluxes of infiltrated water and nitrate leached below the rooting zone at field scale. The elementary fluxes (calculated for each site-year) were then used as independent inputs of the hydrological model MODCOU which made the integration at catchment scale. Simulations of agricultural scenarios allowed to calculate the cost/efficiency ratio of GAP implementation per soil type.The mean amounts of infiltrated water and N leached calculated below rooting depth in agricultural fields were 179 mm yr−1 and 19 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, yielding a mean weighted nitrate concentration of 41 mg NO3 L−1 during 22 years over the whole catchment. The mean residence time of water in the catchment was estimated at 17–22 years using tritium and CFC tracers. The observed nitrate concentration in the main spring declined 11 years after GAP implementation and levelled off to 49 mg NO3 L−1. The agro-hydrological model satisfactorily predicted water flow and nitrate concentration in springs but overestimated their response time. It predicted a positive impact of GAP application on water quality. GAP management appeared to be efficient on the long term with a low cost/efficiency ratio. A more flexible and motivating management could consist in including GAP as a first step in a loop progress towards agro-ecological systems