Fauna silvestre como reservorios de coronavirus y su rol epidemiológico

Antes de la pandemia producida por SARS-CoV-2, existieron eventos zoonóticos premonitorios como el surgimiento de SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV, en los que se pudo dimensionar el importante rol de la fauna silvestre en la generación de nuevos coronavirus. Sabemos también que en veterinaria existen múltiples ejemplos en donde coronavirus de una especie recombinan con otros coronavirus de otras especies, como es el caso de la estrecha relación evolutiva entre el coronavirus canino, felino y el de la gastroenteritis transmisible del cerdo y, todos ellos a su vez, derivados de los murciélagos. Características inherentes a la replicación de estos virus junto con un creciente acercamiento entre especies diferentes crean el ambiente adecuado para el potencial surgimiento de variantes con nuevas capacidades infectivas.Trabajo publicado en Cagliada, Maria del Pilar Lilia y Galosi, Cecilia Mónica (comps.). I Congreso de Microbiología Veterinaria. Libro de resúmenes. La Plata: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2021.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Canine distemper virus, atypical toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum co-infection, in a dog with neurological signs from Argentina

The occurrence of combined infections by Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Canine distemper virus (CDV) in domestic dogs and wildlife animals has not been frequently reported, and the histopathological findings were not exhaustively described. The objective of this study was to report a co-infection of CDV, T. gondii and N. caninum in a dog with neurological signs, as well as the molecular characterization of the protozoa involved. A young street dog was rescued with neurological clinical signs and died spontaneously. A complete necropsy was performed. Tissues were collected and fixed for histopathological evaluation. Additionally, sections of the central nervous system (CNS) and heart were assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHQ) for T. gondii and N. caninum. Sample of brain tissue was analyzed by PCR and nPCR-RFLP for T. gondii genotyping. Spleen was used for detection of CDV by RT-PCR. Gross lesions were not observed, with the exception of the lung. Microscopically, a severe necrosuppurative meningoencephalitis with vasculitis, tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii and N. caninum were found. Demyelination was also evident, associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within astrocytes. CDV was PCR positive while both parasites were presented PCR and IHQ positive results. Molecular characterization of T. gondii was reported as atypical #14 (likely). To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetical identification of T. gondii obtained from the brain of a naturally infected dog in Argentina. The results emphasize the importance of different techniques as diagnostic tools to enhance the detection of causative agents in cases of fatal encephalitis.Fil: Postma, Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Dellarupe, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Epizootiología y Salud Pública. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Streitenberger, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Patología. Cátedra de Patología Especial Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Venturini, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Epizootiología y Salud Pública. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Minatel, Leonardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Genomic characterization of canine circovirus associated with fatal disease in dogs in South America

Canine circovirus (CanineCV) was detected, together with canine parvovirus (CPV), in samples from an outbreak of fatal gastroenteritis in dogs in Argentina. We obtained the full-length genome of this recently discovered virus by overlapping PCR, designated strain UBA-Baires. Sequence analysis revealed a highly conserved genome but also showed several unique mutations in amino acids from the capsid protein that have not been previously reported. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this strain is more closely related to European strains than to viruses detected in North America or Asia. Although the pathogenic role of CanineCV in dogs is still unclear, this study highlights the importance of CanineCV as a coinfecting virus in disease development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of CanineCV in severe clinical disease in dogs in South America. Our results expand our information on the geographical extent of this virus and contribute to the understanding of its role in disease.Fil: Kotsias, Fiorella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Denise Anabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Lago Borisovsky, Lucía Antonella. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Mariana. No especifíca;Fil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentin

Identification, molecular and phylogenetic analysis of poxvirus in skin lesions of southern right whale

Poxvirus skin disease has been reported in several species of cetaceans, principally in odontocetes, and a single report in mysticetes. Southern right whales Eubalaena australis in Peninsula Valdes, Argentina, show a variety of skin lesions of unknown etiology, and the number of these lesions has increased in recent years. Samples from dead whales were taken in order to establish the etiology of these lesions. One calf and one adult presented ring-type lesions, characterized by a circumscribed and slightly raised area of skin. Lesions were histologically characterized by the presence of microvesicles and vacuolated cells in the stratum spinosum, along with hyperplasia of the stratum corneum and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed aggregations of virions with typical poxvirus morphology. PCR of cetacean poxvirus (CPV) DNA polymerase, DNA topoisomerase I and parapoxvirus DNA polymerase gene fragments was done, and confirmed the presence of poxvirus in one sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the detected poxvirus belongs to the CPV-2 group. This is the first confirmed report of poxvirus in southern right whales in Argentina.Fil: Fiorito, Carla Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Carlos Adolfo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología ; ArgentinaFil: Golemba, Marcelo Darío. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría ; ArgentinaFil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Fazio, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Bertellotti, Néstor Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Lombardo, Daniel Marcelo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

The latency related gene of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5 and its modulation of cellular processes

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are important pathogens of cattle. The diseases they produce are quite different, with BoHV-5 being more neuropathogenic than BoHV-1 which mainly induces respiratory symptoms. The sequencing of the entire BoHV-5 genome has shown that most of the differences between these viruses are found in the immediate early and LR (latency related) genes. The LR gene is the only viral gene abundantly expressed in latently infected neurons, is essential for viral reactivation and seems to have an anti-apoptotic function which can be observed in vivo and in vitro. This gene spans two potential ORFs (1 and 2) which can also be found as a fused version, an ORF-E protein encoded within the promoter region and two miRNAs located within the 5’ UTR segment. Most of the essential functions of the LR gene seem to be located within the ORF-2 which has been found to modulate components of cell signaling/cycle pathways. In this review we present a comparative sequence analysis of the LR gene of several BoHV-5 isolates, their differences with the BoHV-1 homologue and the potential impact this may have on its function. The LR gene was found to be highly conserved in all sequenced BoHV-5 strains. ORF-1 shares 60 % homology compared to BoHV-1 whereas the BoHV-5 homologue of ORF-2 is truncated at amino acid 51. Preliminary studies analyzing the emerging transcripts from the BoHV-5 LR gene in infected cells, as well as in stably transfected cells, indicates that their products are, in fact, missing crucial components of the anti-apoptotic function when compared to the BoHV-1 LR gene. In addition these transcripts maintain a region that, similar to what is found in BoHV-1, would produce a miRNA with the potential to recognize a region within the BoHV-5 immediate early gene. All together, these BoHV-5 characteristics suggest that this virus would not possess the same repertoire of latency maintaining functions as BoHV-1. Implications for BoHV-5 neuropathogenic potential are discussed.Fil: Silvestro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; ArgentinaFil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; Argentin

Criterios diagnósticos para la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia felina y el virus de la leucemia felina en gatos domésticos de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Para determinar la prevalencia en la ciudad de Buenos Aires del virus de la inmunodeficiencia felina (FIV) y del virus de la leucemia felina (FeLV), y analizar los factores de riesgo que pudieran estar asociados a ellos, se realizó un estudio transversal en gatos atendidos en el Hospital de Pequeños Animales de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Se analizaron por serología (inmunocromatografía [IA]) y por hemi-nested PCR (n-PCR) 255 muestras de sangre de gatos con síntomas compatibles con infección por FIV o FeLV. La IA y la n-PCR revelaron porcentajes similares de animales positivos para FIV, mientras que para FeLV el diagnóstico por n-PCR resultó más sensible. Se discuten las diferencias halladas entre los métodos diagnósticos y su elección según la edad del animal. Las historias clínicas de 90 de los 255 gatos mostraron perfiles sanguíneos similares a otros ya reportados y revelaron el mayor riesgo de infección con ambos virus en machos adultos con acceso al exterior.A cross-sectional study was carried out on cats attending the Small Animal Hospital at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Blood samples from 255 cats with symptoms compatible with FIV or FeLV infection, collected between 2009 and 2013 were analyzed by serology (immunochromatography, IA) and by hemi-nested PCR (n-PCR). The IA and n-PCR assays showed similar percentages of positivity for FIV while the n-PCR test was more sensitive for FeLV. Differences between the diagnostic tests and their choice according to the age of the animal are discussed. The clinical histories of ninety of the 255 cats showed blood profiles similar to others previously reported and revealed a higher risk of infection in male adult cats with outdoor access.Fil: Galdo Novo, Sabrina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Leandro Miguel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

A novel gammaherpesvirus isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)

A new gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named cynomys herpesvirus 1 (CynGHV-1), was isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). CynGHV-1 replicated cytopathogenically to moderate titers in various cell lines. Ten kb of the CynGHV-1 genome was sequenced using degenerate PCR and genomic cloning. Sequence similarities were found to different genes from known gammaherpesviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CynGHV-1 was in fact a novel virus closely related to representatives of different genera and unclassified members of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. However, CynGHV-1 could not be assigned to any particular genus and therefore remains unclassified.Fil: Nagamine, Brandy. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Jones, Leandro Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Playa Unión. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión; ArgentinaFil: Tellgren Roth, Christian. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Cavender, Jacqueline. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. University of Wyoming; Estados Unidos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentin

Antiviral activity of lambda-carrageenan prepared from red seaweed (Gigartina skottsbergii) against BoHV-1 and SuHV-1

The antiviral effect of polysaccharides has been known for many years. Carrageenans are considered a good alternative for the prevention of a wide range of diseases, mainly caused by enveloped viruses. The advantages lie on their high availability, low cost and low induction of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of two viral pathogens of veterinary interest to the presence of lambda-carrageenan. This is the first report of a lambda-carrageenan having antiviral activity against animal viruses belonging to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, BoHV-1 (bovine herpesvirus type 1) strain Cooper and SuHV-1 (suid herpesvirus type 1) strain Bartha. Lambda-carrageenan was able to reduce infectivity of both viruses with a more pronounced effect against BoHV-1. These results proved, as previously shown for human herpes virus type 1, that these compounds could be used as potential antiviral agents in the veterinary field.Fil: Diogo, Jésica Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galdo Novo, Sabrina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Marcelo Jose. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; ArgentinaFil: Ciancia, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; Argentin

First characterization of a canine parvovirus causing fatal disease in coatis (Nasua nasua)

A canine parvovirus (CPV)-like virus was detected by PCR and isolated from dead coatis in Argentina. Analysis of the full-length genome sequence revealed that it resembled CPV-but also contained a mutation in the VP2 protein (Arg377Ser) that has not been described previously. This is the first report of a CPV-like virus producing clinical disease in coatis. Genetic similarity to CPV-2c viruses detected in Brazil suggests a strong relationship between these viruses. Although the pathogenic potential of CPV- and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)-like strains in wild animals is still not completely understood, this study highlights the importance of parvoviruses as a threat to wildlife if proper conditions are present.Fil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Argibay, Hernán Darío. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Leandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; ArgentinaFil: Vega, Celina Guadalupe. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virologia E Innovaciones Tecnologicas.; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; ArgentinaFil: Minatel, Leonardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Postma, Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Rinas, Miguel. No especifíca;Fil: Bratanich, Ana Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Virologia; Argentin