Glossary of terms used in photocatalysis and radiation catalysis (IUPAC recommendations 2011)

This glossary of terms covers phenomena considered under the very wide terms photocatalysis and radiation catalysis. A clear distinction is made between phenomena related to either photochemistry and photocatalysis or radiation chemistry and radiation catalysis. The term "radiation" is used here as embracing electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, but in general excluding fast-moving particles. Consistent definitions are given of terms in the areas mentioned above, as well as definitions of the most important parameters used for the quantitative description of the phenomena. Terms related to the up-scaling of photocatalytic processes for industrial applications have been included. This Glossary should be used together with the Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition, IUPAC Recommendations 2006: (doi:10.1351/pac200779030293) as well as with the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book" 2006-; doi:10.1351/goldbook), because many terms used in photocatalysis are defined in these documents. © 2011 IUPAC

Addressing Health Disparities and Access in the Department of Neurology Outpatient Setting in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Neurology, a largely outpatient specialty, has joined many other fields in the endeavor of incorporating telemedicine.4,6,7 We present the results of analysis of the Epic Electronic Medical Record (EMR) of all outpatient visits from the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Department of Neurology from 2019 to 2020 in order to identify areas of ethnic minority and geographic disparities with regards to usage of telemedicine. For our analyses, we have included Neurology patients across the General Neurology (JUP Neurology 909 Walnut NEU), Headache Center (HA), and Multiple Sclerosis Center (MS). Additionally, based on patient surveys from a subset of our outpatient population within General Neurology sampled over one week on a voluntary opt-in basis, we identified a need for further education about and introduction to the telemedicine process. We intend to outline plans for future intervention and analysis

Strengthening the Synapse between Outpatient Neurological Care and Inpatient Referral

Objective The goal of this project is to investigate if established neurology patients are appropriately referred to the emergency room. We suspect that there are patients that could be more effectively triaged to prevent unnecessary visits to the emergency department. If this is the case, implementing an intervention such as offering expedited visits or contingency plan, may reduce non-emergent inpatient consultative services5. This would also improve outpatient communication and decrease utilization of both ER and patient resources

Simcluster: clustering enumeration gene expression data on the simplex space

Transcript enumeration methods such as SAGE, MPSS, and sequencing-by-synthesis EST "digital northern", are important high-throughput techniques for digital gene expression measurement. As other counting or voting processes, these measurements constitute compositional data exhibiting properties particular to the simplex space where the summation of the components is constrained. These properties are not present on regular Euclidean spaces, on which hybridization-based microarray data is often modeled. Therefore, pattern recognition methods commonly used for microarray data analysis may be non-informative for the data generated by transcript enumeration techniques since they ignore certain fundamental properties of this space.

Here we present a software tool, Simcluster, designed to perform clustering analysis for data on the simplex space. We present Simcluster as a stand-alone command-line C package and as a user-friendly on-line tool. Both versions are available at: http://xerad.systemsbiology.net/simcluster.

Simcluster is designed in accordance with a well-established mathematical framework for compositional data analysis, which provides principled procedures for dealing with the simplex space, and is thus applicable in a number of contexts, including enumeration-based gene expression data

Characteristics of Liver Transplantation in Argentina: A Multicenter Study

Introduction: There is a lack of information regarding outcomes after liver transplant in Latin America. Objectives: This study sought to describe outcomes after liver transplant in adult patients from Argentina. Methods: We performed an ambispective cohort study of adult patients transplanted between June 2010 and October 2012 in 6 centers from Argentina. Only patients who survived after the first 48 hours postransplantation were included. Pretransplantation and posttransplantation data were collected. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Median age at time of transplant was 50 (interquartile range [IQR] 26 to 54) years. In total, 173 (86%) patients had cirrhosis, and the most frequent etiology in these patients was hepatitis C (32%). A total of 35 (17%) patients were transplanted with hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients with cirrhosis, the median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score at time of liver transplant was 25 (IQR 19 to 30). Median time on the waiting list for elective patients was 101 (IQR 27 to 295) days, and 3 (IQR 2 to 4) days for urgent patients. Almost 40% of the patients were readmitted during the first 6 months after liver transplant. Acute rejection occurred in 27% of the patients. Biliary and vascular complications were reported in 39 (19%) and 19 (9%) patients, respectively. Renal failure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were present in 40 (26%), 87 (57%), and 77 (50%) at 2 years, respectively. Conclusions: We believe the information contained in this article might be of value for reviewing current practices and developing local policies.Fil: Haddad, L.. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Marciano, S.. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Cleres, M.. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Zerega, A.. Sanatorio Allende; ArgentinaFil: Piñero, F.. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Orozco, F.. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Braslavsky, G.. Hospital General de Agudos Cosme Argerich; ArgentinaFil: Mendizabal, M.. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Gil, O.. Sanatorio Allende; ArgentinaFil: Silva, M.. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Mastai, Ricardo. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Imvertaza, O.. Hospital General de Agudos Cosme Argerich; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Descalzi, V.. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Gadano, A.. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Influence of chromophores on quarternary structure of phycobiliproteins from the cyanobacterium, Mastigocladus laminosus

Chromophores of C-phycocyanin and phycoerythrο-cyanin have been chemically modified by reduction to rubins , bleaching , photoisomerization , or perturbation with bulky substituents. Pigments containing modified chromophores, or hybrids containing modified and unmodified chromophores in individual protomers have been prepared. All modifications inhibit the association of the (aß)-protomers of these pigments to higher aggregates. The results demonstrate a pronounced effect of the state of the chromophores on biliprotein quaternary structure. It may be important in phycobi1isome assembly , and also in the dual function of biliproteins as (i) antenna pigments for photosynthesis and (ii) reaction centers for photomor-phogenesis

Infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome and model pigments

Fourier-transform infrared difference spectra between the red-absorbing and far-red-absorbing forms of oat phytochrome have been measured in H2O and 2H2O. The difference spectra are compared with infrared spectra of model compounds, i.e. the (5Z,10Z,15Z)- and (5Z,10Z,15E)-isomers of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-bilindion (Et8-bilindion), 2,3-dihydro-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-bilindion (H2Et8-bilindion), and protonated H2Et8-bilindion in various solvents. The spectra of the model compounds show that only for the protonated forms can clear differences between the two isomers be detected. Since considerable differences are present between the spectra of Et8-bilindion and H2Et8-bilindion, it is concluded that only the latter compound can serve as a model system of phytochrome. The 2H2O effect on the difference spectrum of phytochrome supports the view that the chromophore in red-absorbing phytochrome is protonated and suggests, in addition, that it is also protonated in far-red-absorbing phytochrome. The spectra show that protonated carboxyl groups are influenced. The small amplitudes in the difference spectra exclude major changes of protein secondary structure

Single-molecule experiments in biological physics: methods and applications

I review single-molecule experiments (SME) in biological physics. Recent technological developments have provided the tools to design and build scientific instruments of high enough sensitivity and precision to manipulate and visualize individual molecules and measure microscopic forces. Using SME it is possible to: manipulate molecules one at a time and measure distributions describing molecular properties; characterize the kinetics of biomolecular reactions and; detect molecular intermediates. SME provide the additional information about thermodynamics and kinetics of biomolecular processes. This complements information obtained in traditional bulk assays. In SME it is also possible to measure small energies and detect large Brownian deviations in biomolecular reactions, thereby offering new methods and systems to scrutinize the basic foundations of statistical mechanics. This review is written at a very introductory level emphasizing the importance of SME to scientists interested in knowing the common playground of ideas and the interdisciplinary topics accessible by these techniques. The review discusses SME from an experimental perspective, first exposing the most common experimental methodologies and later presenting various molecular systems where such techniques have been applied. I briefly discuss experimental techniques such as atomic-force microscopy (AFM), laser optical tweezers (LOT), magnetic tweezers (MT), biomembrane force probe (BFP) and single-molecule fluorescence (SMF). I then present several applications of SME to the study of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA and DNA condensation), proteins (protein-protein interactions, protein folding and molecular motors). Finally, I discuss applications of SME to the study of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of small systems and the experimental verification of fluctuation theorems. I conclude with a discussion of open questions and future perspectives.Comment: Latex, 60 pages, 12 figures, Topical Review for J. Phys. C (Cond. Matt

Photochemistry and photophysics of thienocarbazoles

Two methylated thienocarbazoles and two of their synthetic nitro-precursors have been examined by absorption, luminescence, laser flash photolysis and photoacoustic techniques. Their spectroscopic and photophysical characterization involves fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and phosphorescence spectra and phosphorescence lifetimes for all the compounds. Triplet-singlet difference absorption spectra, triplet molar absorption coefficients, triplet lifetimes, intersystem crossing S-1 similar tosimilar to--> T-1 and singlet molecular oxygen yields were obtained for the thienocarbazoles. In the case of the thienocarbazoles it was found that the lowest-lying singlet and triplet excited states, S, and T-1, are of pi,pi* origin, whereas for their precursors S-1 is n,pi*, and T-1 is pi,pi*. In both thienocarbazoles it appears that the thianaphthene ring dictates the S, T, yield, albeit there is less predominance of that ring in the triplet state of the linear thienocarbazole, which leads to a decrease in the observed Phi(T) value.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Analysis of genetic systems using experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing

The application of whole-genome sequencing to the study of microbial evolution promises to reveal the complex functional networks of mutations that underlie adaptation. A recent study of parallel evolution in populations of Escherichia coli shows how adaptation involves both functional changes to specific proteins as well as global changes in regulation