3,684 research outputs found
Isoliquiritigenin, a Strong nod Gene- and Glyceollin Resistance- Inducing Flavonoid from Soybean Root Exudate
Isoflavonoid signal molecules from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed and root exudate induce the transcription of nodulation (nod) genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In this study, a new compound with symbiotic activity was isolated from soybean root exudate. The isolated 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone (isoliquiritigenin) is characterized by its strong inducing activity for the nod genes of B. japonicum. These genes are already induced at concentrations 1 order of magnitude below those required of the previously described isoflavonoid inducers genistein and daidzein. Isoliquiritigenin is also a potent inducer of glyceollin resistance in B. japonicum, which renders this bacterium insensitive to potentially bactericidal concentrations of glyceollin, the phytoalexin of G. max. No chemotactic effect of isoliquiritigenin was observed. The highly efficient induction of nod genes and glyceollin resistance by isoliquiritigenin suggests the ecological significance of this compound, although it is not a major flavonoid constituent of the soybean root exudate in quantitative terms
Genome-wide prediction of testcross performance and phenotypic stability for important agronomic and quality traits in elite hybrid rye (Secale cereale L.)
Genomic selection offers a greater potential for improving complex, quantitative traits in winter rye than marker-assisted selection. Prediction accuracies for grain yield for unrelated test populations have, however, to be improved. Nevertheless, they are already favorable for selecting phenotypic stability of quality traits.Zusammenfassend zeigte die genomische Selektion ein grΓΆΓeres Potential fΓΌr die Verbesserung von komplexen, quantitativen Merkmalen in Winterroggen als die markergestΓΌtzte Selektion. Allerdings mΓΌssen die Vorhersagegenauigkeiten fΓΌr nicht-verwandte Genotypen noch deutlich verbessert werden. Sie sind jetzt schon vorteilhaft fΓΌr die Vorhersage der phΓ€notypischen StabilitΓ€t von QualitΓ€tsmerkmalen
Socio-philosophical understanding of legal reality diversity
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ - ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΒ», Β«ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Β«ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°Β». ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ.The article aims to justify the relevance of the problems of socio-philosophical understanding of legal reality. The rhythm of modern life is constantly accelerating, this explains the complexity of political and legal processes that you need to understand and to perform. Currently, the legal reality is exposed not only to the ontological transformations, the new assessments require the changing functions of modern law in accordance with traditional Western European humanistic tradition. Sociocultural practice is predetermined by the fact that there is a contradiction between the legal reality and the process of humanistic reflection and evaluation. The multiplicity of existing opinions in solving the problem of humanization of law deserves special attention. The article identifies that the development of philosophical and legal knowledge is caused by the fact that for a long time the philosophy of law developed as a field of interdisciplinary synthesis of philosophy and jurisprudence, in which the leading role was played by such categories as Β«lawΒ», Β«legal consciousnessΒ», Β«man as a subject of rightsΒ». It is proved that in modern philosophy of law the types of justice, particularly the degree of involvement of a person in the legal space, are discussed. At the same time, the sense of justice is intrinsically linked to the humanist attitudes, which are the basis of the emerging legal culture of the individual and society. In this regard, the author emphasizes the change in style and methods of philosophical thinking, methodology of researching socio-philosophical science. The author makes a conclusion that legal theory, which has become traditional, significantly changes in intention to bridge the gap regulated by the state law from a humanistic attitudes and civic norms, the scientific community researches different ways of their interaction
Ignition of dispersed coal in local conductive heating conditions
Present work studies the ignition of a brown coal by a hot metal particle. The experiments establish the limits of the gas-phase ignition and ignition delay times in conditions whee the metal particle situated on the surface of dispersed coal layer. The coal particle size was different in different series of experiments, and it was ranged from 0.1 to 1 mm; the shapes of the metal particles were sphere, disk, and cube; their initial temperature varied between 1000 and 1400 K. Three modes of gas-phase ignition of coal were established with the ignition zone of volatiles located in the vicinity of the hot particle. The practical application of obtained results is the development of fire prevention guidelines for tightening fire safety management at productions dealing with coal mining, transportation
Democratic prospects in Imperial Russia : the revolution of 1905 and the political stock market
This paper assesses the attitude of investors towards Democratic change by performing an event study using Russian government bonds. The Revolution of 1905 offers an ideal occasion as, alongside the related revolutionary events, it was accompanied by two opposing constitutional changes within a short period of time. This study contributes to the debate as to whether Imperial Russia could possibly have followed other Western European states, i.e. gradually adopting a democratic rule, or whether a revolution was inevitable as the writing of Soviet history suggests. Furthermore, the Russo-Japanese War is taken into consideration. The results are basically in line with the literature on the impact of wars on capital markets. Prices of two types of bonds on both the Saint Petersburg and the Berlin stock exchange are employed. As it turns out, investors in the East and West were largely consistent in their reactions
Supersolar metal abundances and the Broad Line Region of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLSy1) are intriguing due to their extreme
continuum and emission line properties which are not yet well understood. This
paper is motivated by the recent suggestion that NLSy1 galaxies might be young
active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and that they may have supersolar metal
abundances. We have examined the stability of broad emission line region (BLR)
clouds under isobaric perturbation and its dependence on gas metal abundances.
We show that supersolar metallicity increases the range where multiple phases
in pressure balance may exist. This is particularly important for NLSy1s with
steep X-ray spectra where it delays the trend of hindrance of a multi-phase
equilibrium. Finally, the role of warm absorbers in the context of this
scenario is assessed.Comment: A&A, in press (6 pages, 3 figures); preprint and related papers also
available at http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~skomossa
X-ray Insights into the Nature of Weak Emission-Line Quasars at High Redshift
We present Chandra observations of nine high-redshift quasars (z=2.7-5.9)
discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with weak or undetectable
high-ionization emission lines in their UV spectra (WLQs). Adding archival
X-ray observations of six additional sources of this class has enabled us to
place the strongest constraints yet on the X-ray properties of this remarkable
class of AGNs. Although our data cannot rule out the possibility that the
emission lines are overwhelmed by a relativistically boosted continuum, as
manifested by BL Lac objects, we find that WLQs are considerably weaker in the
X-ray and radio bands than the majority of BL Lacs found at much lower
redshifts. If WLQs are high-redshift BL Lacs, then it is difficult to explain
the lack of a large parent population of X-ray and radio bright weak-lined
sources at high redshift. We also consider the possibility that WLQs are
quasars with extreme properties, and in particular that the emission lines are
suppressed by high accretion rates. Using joint spectral fitting of the X-ray
spectra of 11 WLQs we find that the mean photon index in the hard X-ray band is
consistent with those observed in typical radio-quiet AGNs with no hint of an
unusually steep hard-X-ray spectrum. This result poses a challenge to the
hypothesis that WLQs have extremely high accretion rates, and we discuss
additional observations required to test this idea.Comment: 13 pages (emulateapj), 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Proto-Quasars:Physical States and Observable Properties
Based on the radiation hydrodynamical model for the black hole(BH)
growth,incorporated with the chemical evolution of the early-type host galaxy,
we construct the coevolution model of a QSO BH and the host galaxy. As a
result, it is found that after a galactic wind epoch,the luminosity is shifted
from the host-dominant phase to the AGN-dominant phase (QSO phase) in the
timescale of a few years.The former phase corresponds to the early
stage of growing BH, and can be regarded as a ``proto-QSO'' phase. It has
observable characteristic properties (detail inthis paper).By comparing these
predictions with recent observations, radio galaxies are a possible candidate
for proto-QSOs.Also, it is anticipated that the proto-QSO phase is preceded by
an optically thick phase, which may correspond to ULIRGs.In this phase, is predicted to be much less than and grow with
metallicity.Moreover, as precursors of ULIRGs, optically-thin star-forming
galaxies are predicted. These may be in the assembly phase of Lyman break
galaxies (LBGs) or Ly emitters.Comment: 7pages,7figures,accepted for publication in Ap
Near-zone sizes and the rest frame extreme ultra-violet spectral index of the highest redshift quasars
The discovery of quasars with redshifts higher than six has prompted a great
deal of discussion in the literature regarding the role of quasars, both as
sources of reionization, and as probes of the ionization state of the IGM.
However the extreme ultra-violet (EUV) spectral index cannot be measured
directly for high redshift quasars owing to absorption at frequencies above the
Lyman limit, and as a result, studies of the impact of quasars on the
intergalactic medium during reionization must assume a spectral energy
distribution in the extreme ultra-violet based on observations at low redshift,
z<1. In this paper we use regions of high Ly-alpha transmission (near-zones)
around the highest redshift quasars to measure the quasar EUV spectral index at
z~6. We jointly fit the available observations for variation of near-zone size
with both redshift and luminosity, and propose that the observed relation
provides evidence for an EUV spectral index that varies with absolute magnitude
in the high redshift quasar sample, becoming softer at higher luminosity. Using
a large suite of detailed numerical simulations we find that the typical value
of spectral index for a luminous quasar at z~6 is constrained to be
alpha=1.3+/-0.4 for a specific luminosity of the form L\propto\nu^{-alpha}. We
find the scatter in spectral index among individual quasars to be in the range
~0.75-1.25. These values are in agreement with direct observations at low
redshift, and indicate that there has been no significant evolution in the EUV
spectral index of quasars over 90% of cosmic time.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to MNRA
- β¦