Semi-groupe de Lie associé à un cône symétrique

Volcanic arcs are the surface expression of magmatic systems that result from the subduction of mostly oceanic lithosphere at convergent plate boundaries. Arcs with a submarine component include intraoceanic arcs and island arcs that span almost 22,000 km on Earth\u27s surface, the vast majority of which are located in the Pacific region. Hydrothermal systems hosted by submarine arc volcanoes commonly contain a large component of magmatic fluid. This magmatic-hydrothermal signature, coupled with the shallow water depths of arc volcanoes and their high volatile contents, strongly influences the chemistry of the fluids and resulting mineralization and likely has important consequences for the biota associated with these systems. The high metal contents and very acidic fluids in these hydrothermal systems are thought to be important analogs to numerous porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits mined today on land

The Origin of Magmas and Metals at the Submarine Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 376 cored the submarine Brothers volcano of the Kermadec arc to provide insights into the third dimension and the evolution of the volcano and its associated ore-forming systems. We present new petrological and geochemical data on dacitic rocks drilled from Brothers as well as mafic rocks collected at two adjacent ridges. These data include major and trace element compositions of whole rocks, including many economically important metals and metalloids such as Cu, Ag, Pt, Au, Mo, As, Sb, Tl, and Bi, plus Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions as well as in situ analyses of glasses and minerals. We show that the basalts and basaltic andesites erupted at the volcanic ridges near Brothers represent potential mafic analogues to the dacites that make up Brothers volcano. Mantle melting and ore potential of the associated magmas are locally enhanced by raised mantle potential temperatures and a high flux of subducted components originating from the partially subducted Hikurangi Plateau. As a result, the parental melts at Brothers are enriched in ore metals and metalloids relative to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and a high melt oxidation state (Δ log fO2 of +1.5 fayalite-magnetite-quartz [FMQ]) suppresses early sulfide saturation. However, solid sulfide crystallization occurs late during magma differentiation, with the result that the dacitic lavas at Brothers volcano are strongly depleted in Cu but only moderately depleted in Ag and Au. The dacites at Brothers thus have a high fertility for many metals and metalloids (e.g., As, Sb, Bi), and fluids exsolving from the cooling magma have a high ore-forming potential

Supplementary Material for: Association of Dystrobrevin-Binding Protein 1 Polymorphisms with Sustained Attention and Set-Shifting in Schizophrenia Patients

<i>Background:</i> Despite extensive research in the past decades, the influence of genetics on cognitive functions in schizophrenia remains unclear. Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 <i>(DTNBP1)</i> is one of the most promising candidate genes in schizophrenia. An association of <i>DTNBP1</i> with cognitive dysfunction, particularly memory impairment, has been reported in a number of studies. However, the results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to measure the association between <i>DTNBP1</i> polymorphisms and cognitive domains in a well-characterized sample. <i>Methods:</i> Ninety-one clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients underwent a battery of cognitive tests. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of <i>DTNBP1</i> were genotyped in all participants. Statistical and multivariate analyses were performed. <i>Results:</i> Factor analysis revealed 4 factors corresponding to distinct cognitive domains, namely sustained attention, set-shifting, executive functioning, and memory. We found a significant association of the rs909706 polymorphism with attention (p = 0.030) and a nonsignificant trend for set-shifting (p = 0.060). The other SNPs and haplotypes were not associated with cognitive function. <i>Discussion:</i>Replication of this finding in a larger sample is needed in order to confirm the importance of this particular polymorphism in the genetics of schizophrenia, particularly the distinct cognitive domains. In conclusion, the present study supports the involvement of <i>DTNBP1 </i>in the regulation of cognitive processes and demonstrates association in particular with sustained attention and set-shifting in schizophrenia patients

Supplementary Material for: Fat Mass- and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Association Study

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Genetic variation in the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO) has been associated with obesity in the general population. In this study we have investigated these variants for association with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 218 patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated mostly with clozapine or olanzapine for up to 14 weeks were included in the study. We analyzed 4 polymorphisms in intron 1 of the FTO gene (rs1421085, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs9930506) for association with AIWG using ANCOVA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No statistically significant associations were observed between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and AIWG. However, patients homozygous for the A-allele of rs9939609 gained numerically higher weight than the other genotypic groups (AA: 5.26 ± 6.7%; TA: 4.66 ± 5.6%; TT: 4.21 ± 5.3%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our current observations suggest that the FTO gene variants investigated may not play a major role in AIWG

Critical role of caldera collapse in the formation of seafloor mineralization: The case of Brothers volcano

Hydrothermal systems hosted by submarine arc volcanoes commonly include a large component of magmatic fluid. The high Cu-Au contents and strongly acidic fluids in these systems are similar to those that formed in the shallow parts of some porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits mined today on land. Two main types of hydrothermal systems occur along the submarine portion of the Kermadec arc (offshore New Zealand): magmatically influenced and seawater-dominated systems. Brothers volcano hosts both types. Here, we report results from a series of drill holes cored by the International Ocean Discovery Program into these two types of hydrothermal systems. We show that the extent of hydrothermal alteration of the host dacitic volcaniclastics and lavas reflects primary lithological porosity and contrasting spatial and temporal contributions of magmatic fluid, hydrothermal fluid, and seawater. We present a two-step model that links the changes in hydrothermal fluid regime to the evolution of the volcano caldera. Initial hydrothermal activity, prior to caldera formation, was dominated by magmatic gases and hypersaline brines. The former mixed with seawater as they ascended toward the seafloor, and the latter remained sequestered in the subsurface. Following caldera collapse, seawater infiltrated the volcano through fault-controlled permeability, interacted with wall rock and the segregated brines, and transported associated metals toward the seafloor and formed Cu-Zn-Au-rich chimneys on the caldera walls and rim, a process continuing to the present day. This two-step process may be common in submarine arc caldera volcanoes that host volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, and it is particularly efficient at focusing mineralization at, or near, the seafloor

Beeswax rock art from Limmen National Park (Northern Territory), northern Australia: new insights into technique-based patterning and absence in the rock art record

The known geographic distribution of beeswax rock art is largely restricted to the Arnhem Land plateau and Kimberley regions of northern Australia. While considerable research has focussed on the antiquity and meaning of beeswax rock art, much less attention has been directed to the nature and extent of the distribution pattern for this unique motif production technique. In this article, we present details of two beeswax motifs recently discovered in Marra Country at Limmen National Park (southwest Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory). In the first instance, the motifs are explored in the context of their meaning, drawing on ethnography collected in the region over the last 40 years. The motifs are then used as a platform to engage with questions around the low frequency, and in some cases complete absence, of beeswax rock art across other areas of northern Australia. While it is highly unlikely there is one single, homogenous explanation for this in the Gulf country and northeastern Australia, we suggest that exploring the social, cultural and relational understandings of beeswax in these areas offers considerable potential to understand better how people engaged with and inscribed their cultural landscapes