4,430 research outputs found
Telescope performance and image simulations of the balloon-borne coded-mask protoMIRAX experiment
In this work we present the results of imaging simulations performed with the
help of the GEANT4 package for the protoMIRAX hard X-ray balloon experiment.
The instrumental background was simulated taking into account the various
radiation components and their angular dependence, as well as a detailed mass
model of the experiment. We modeled the meridian transits of the Crab Nebula
and the Galatic Centre region during balloon flights in Brazil ( of latitude and an altitude of km) and
introduced the correspondent spectra as inputs to the imaging simulations. We
present images of the Crab and of three sources in the Galactic Centre region:
1E 1740.7-2942, GRS 1758-258 and GX 1+4. The results show that the protoMIRAX
experiment is capable of making spectral and timing observations of bright hard
X-ray sources as well as important imaging demonstrations that will contribute
to the design of the MIRAX satellite mission.Comment: 9 figure
Theoretical study of molecular electronic excitations and optical transitions of C60
We report results on ab initio calculations of excited states of the
fullerene molecule by using configuration interaction (CI) approach with singly
excited determinants (SCI). We have used both the experimental geometry and the
one optimized by the density functional method and worked with basis sets at
the cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVTZ level. Contrary to the early SCI semiempirical
calculations, we find that two lowest electron
optical lines are situated at relatively high energies of ~5.8 eV (214 nm) and
~6.3 eV (197 nm). These two lines originate from two transitions: from HOMO to (LUMO+1) () and from (HOMO--1)
to LUMO (). The lowest molecular excitation, which is the level, is found at ~2.5 eV. Inclusion of doubly excited determinants
(SDCI) leads only to minor corrections to this picture. We discuss possible
assignment of absorption bands at energies smaller than 5.8 eV (or
larger than 214 nm).Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 9 Table
On a new theoretical framework for RR Lyrae stars I: the metallicity dependence
We present new nonlinear, time-dependent convective hydrodynamical models of
RR Lyrae stars computed assuming a constant helium-to-metal enrichment ratio
and a broad range in metal abundances (Z=0.0001--0.02). The stellar masses and
luminosities adopted to construct the pulsation models were fixed according to
detailed central He burning Horizontal Branch evolutionary models. The
pulsation models cover a broad range in stellar luminosity and effective
temperatures and the modal stability is investigated for both fundamental and
first overtones. We predict the topology of the instability strip as a function
of the metal content and new analytical relations for the edges of the
instability strip in the observational plane. Moreover, a new analytical
relation to constrain the pulsation mass of double pulsators as a function of
the period ratio and the metal content is provided. We derive new
Period-Radius-Metallicity relations for fundamental and first-overtone
pulsators. They agree quite well with similar empirical and theoretical
relations in the literature. From the predicted bolometric light curves,
transformed into optical (UBVRI) and near-infrared (JHK) bands, we compute the
intensity-averaged mean magnitudes along the entire pulsation cycle and, in
turn, new and homogenous metal-dependent (RIJHK) Period-Luminosity relations.
Moreover, we compute new dual and triple band optical, optical--NIR and NIR
Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity relations. Interestingly, we find that the optical
Period-W(V,B-V) is independent of the metal content and that the accuracy of
individual distances is a balance between the adopted diagnostics and the
precision of photometric and spectroscopic datasets.Comment: 51 pages, 20 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication on Ap
Astmaatikon kokemuksia potilasohjauksesta
Astma on yleisimpiä kansantautejamme. Lääkehoitoa vaativista pitkäaikaisista sairauksista se on kolmanneksi yleisin verenpainetaudin ja sepelvaltimotaudin jälkeen. Lasten pitkäaikaissairauksista astma on yleisin. Valtakunnallisessa astmaohjelmassa esitetyn arvion mukaan vaikea-asteista astmaa sairastaa kaikista potilaista 20 %, keski-vaikeaa 20 % ja lievää astmaa 60 %.
Opinnäytetyön nimi on astmaatikon kokemuksia potilasohjauksesta. Opinnäytetyömme toimeksiantaja on Kainuun maakunta-kuntayhtymän keuhkosairauksien poliklinikka. Opinnäytetyömme tarkoituksena oli kar-toittaa, miten kyselyyn osallistuvat astmaatikot ovat sitoutuneita omahoitoon. Tavoitteenamme oli selvittää, miten potilaat saavat keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla ohjausta astman omahoitoon, olivatko potilaat saaneet ohjausta riittävästi ja mihin asioihin he olisivat halunneet saada enemmän tietoa ja ohjausta.
Opinnäytteemme tutkimuksellinen lähestymistapa oli kvalitatiivinen tutkimusote. Opinnäytetyön aineiston ke-ruumenetelmänä käytimme kyselyä. Kysely muodostui avoimista kysymyksistä, joilla haluttiin selvittää astmaati-kon omahoitoon sitoutumista ja potilasohjauksen laatua ja kokemuksia potilasohjauksesta. Kerätty aineisto analysoitiin sisällön analyysin avulla. Tulokset esitettiin eri astman hoitoon sisältyvien teemojen ylä- ja alakategorioina.
Kyselyyn vastasi 13 vastaajaa (n = 13). Tuloksista kävi ilmi, että kyselyyn osallistuneet astmaatikot olivat pääosin tyytyväisiä saamansa potilasohjaukseen keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla. Osalla vastaajista on astman hoito omasta jaksamisesta kiinni. Osa vastaajista tietää ja ymmärtää astman hoidon merkityksen terveydelle.
Opinnäytetyömme tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla hoitotyön käytäntöön. Opinnäytetyömme tulokset antavat tietoa miten astmaa sairastavan potilasohjausta ja sen sisältöä voidaan jatkossa kehittää. Tulokset antavat tietoa potilasohjauksen kehittämistarpeista. Jatkotutkimusaiheena olisi hyvä selvittää sairaanhoitajien kokemuksia astmaa sairastavan potilasohjauksesta keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla.
Opinnäytetyö prosessin kautta olemme vahvistaneet sairaanhoitajan työssä tarvittavaa tiedollista ja taidollista ja asenteista osaamista jota voimme hyödyntää astmaa sairastavan kokonaishoitoon ja ohjaukseen. Prosessin kautta
olemme saaneet vahvistuksen sille, miten tärkeä on sairaanhoitajan asenne ja osaaminen potilasohjaukseen.Asthma is one of the most common national diseases. Amongst long term diseases requiring medical treatment it is the third most common after arterial hypertension and coronary artery diseases. Among Childhood long term diseases asthma is the most common. According to an estimate provided by a nationwide asthmas program 20 % of all asthma patients suffer from severe asthma, 20 % from mildly severe and 60 % suffer from slight asthma.
The name of this thesis is an Asthma Patient’s Experiences of Supervision. The commissioner of the thesis was the Joint Authority of the Kainuu Region and our working – life supervisor was the Pulmonary Diseases Outpatients’ Department. The purpose of this thesis was to clarify by survey how the asthma patients involved were committed to care for their asthma. The aim was to clarify whether patients had been provided with sufficient instruction and supervision and in what issues did they require further knowledge and instruction.
The investigational approach of this thesis was qualitative, using a survey to collect data. The survey con-sisted of open questions intending to clarify how asthma patients are committed to care for asthma and to establish the quality of patient instruction and how patients experienced instruction. The collected ma-terial was analyzed using qualitative contents analysis. The results were presented in super and sub categories in different themes related to the care of asthma.
13 respondents took part in the survey (n=13).The results indicated that patients were mainly satisfied with instruction received in the Pulmonary Diseases Outpatients’ Department. For some of the respondents, the care of their asthma depended on how they were coping generally. Others understood and were aware of the significance of caring for their asthma to their health. The results of the thesis provide information on how patient instruction and its contents can be developed in the future. In the future, it would be appropriate to research how nurses experience the instruction and supervision of asthma patients in the Pulmonary Diseases Outpatients’ Department.
The thesis process has strengthened the knowledge and skill-based competence as well as attitudes required in nursing, which we can use in the care and instruction of asthma patients. The process has confirmed how important attitude and competence is in patient instruction
Optical and Near-Infrared UBVRIJHK Photometry for the RR Lyrae stars in the Nearby Globular Cluster M4 (NGC 6121)
We present optical and near-infrared UBVRIJHK photometry of stars in the
Galactic globular cluster M4 (NGC 6121) based upon a large corpus of
observations obtained mainly from public astronomical archives. We concentrate
on the RR Lyrae variable stars in the cluster, and make a particular effort to
accurately reidentify the previously discovered variables. We have also
discovered two new probable RR Lyrae variables in the M4 field: one of them by
its position on the sky and its photometric properties is a probable member of
the cluster, and the second is a probable background (bulge?) object. We
provide accurate equatorial coordinates for all 47 stars identified as RR
Lyraes, new photometric measurements for 46 of them, and new period estimates
for 45. We have also derived accurate positions and mean photometry for 34 more
stars previously identified as variable stars of other types, and for an
additional five non-RR Lyrae variable stars identified for the first time here.
We present optical and near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams for the cluster
and show the locations of the variable stars in them. We present the Bailey
(period-amplitude) diagrams and the period-frequency histogram for the RR Lyrae
stars in M4 and compare them to the corresponding diagrams for M5 (NGC 5904).
We conclude that the RR Lyrae populations in the two clusters are quite similar
in all the relevant properties that we have considered. The mean periods,
pulsation-mode ratios, and Bailey diagrams of these two clusters show support
for the recently proposed "Oosterhoff-neutral" classification.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figures, 7 table
Influência da intermitência do tempo de irrigação na cultura da videira festival irrigada por gotejamento, no vale do Submédio são Francisco.
Portando, esse trabalho teve como objetivo adequar manejos de irrigação que possibilite maiores produções da cultura com a mesma quantidade de água requerida
New type II Cepheids from VVV data towards the Galactic center
The Galactic center (GC) is the densest region of the Milky Way. Variability
surveys towards the GC potentially provide the largest number of variable stars
per square degree within the Galaxy. However, high stellar density is also a
drawback due to blending. Moreover, the GC is affected by extreme reddening,
therefore near infrared observations are needed. We plan to detect new variable
stars towards the GC, focusing on type II Cepheids (T2Cs) which have the
advantage of being brighter than RR Lyrae stars. We perform parallel
Lomb-Scargle and Generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis of the
-band time series of the VISTA variables in the Via Lactea survey, to
detect periodicities. We employ statistical parameters to clean our sample. We
take account of periods, light amplitudes, distances, and proper motions to
provide a classification of the candidate variables. We detected 1,019 periodic
variable stars, of which 164 are T2Cs, 210 are Miras and 3 are classical
Cepheids. We also found the first anomalous Cepheid in this region. We compare
their photometric properties with overlapping catalogs and discuss their
properties on the color-magnitude and Bailey diagrams. We present the most
extensive catalog of T2Cs in the GC region to date. Offsets in E() and
in the reddening law cause very large (1-2 kpc) uncertainties on
distances in this region. We provide a catalog which will be the starting point
for future spectroscopic surveys in the innermost regions of the Galaxy.Comment: A&A, accepte
Seleção econômica de sistemas de irrigação para produção de tomate em cultivo orgânico na região de Cerrado do Brasil Central.
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Massive stellar systems: observational challenges and perspectives in the E-ELT era
We introduce the empirical framework concerning optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of crowded stellar fields. In particular, we address the impact that linear detectors and analytical PSF played in improving the accuracy and the precision of multi-band color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We focus our attention on recent findings based on deep NIR images collected with Adaptive Optics (AO) systems at the 8-10m class telescopes and discuss pros and cons of the different approaches. We also discuss the estimate of the absolute age of globular clusters using a well defined knee along the lower main sequence. We mention the role which the current AO-assisted instruments will have in addressing longstanding astrophysical problems of the Galactic center. Finally, we outline the role of first generation of E-ELT instruments upon photometry and spectroscopy of crowded stellar fields
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