Hemangiossarcoma em língua de gato : relato de caso

O hemangiossarcoma é um tumor maligno oriundo de células do endotélio vascular, comum em cães e raro em gatos. Entre os métodos de diagnóstico, destacam-se os exames histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico por terem maior acurácia. Relata-se um caso de hemangiossarcoma na língua de um felino, sem raça definida, fêmea, com 12 anos de idade, com histórico de perda de peso, letargia, dificuldade mastigação durante três meses e sangramento oral por dois dias. Ao exame físico, constatou-se sangue na cavidade oral, aumento de volume e enegrecimento da língua. O animal foi internado e o tutor optou por eutanásia. Foram solicitados os exames citológico e histopatológico da língua, os quais constataram uma proliferação neoplásica de células endoteliais expandindo e substituindo a camada muscular da língua, formando estruturas vasculares primitivas, preenchidas por acentuada quantidade de hemácias. O neoplasma apresentou expressão do fator de von Willebrand, vimentina e actina de músculo liso no exame imuno-histoquímico. De acordo com o resultado dos exames citológico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico, o animal foi diagnosticado com hemangiossarcoma na língua, demonstrando a importância de incluir o neoplasma como diagnóstico diferencial em casos de neoplasias de língua, apesar de uma afecção pouco comum.Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant tumour originating from vascular endothelial cells, which is common in dogs and rare in cats. Among the diagnostic tests, histopathological test and immunohistochemical test stand by a greater diagnostic accuracy. Case report of hemangiosarcoma in the tongue of a feline, undefined, female, 12 years old, historical weight loss, lethargy, chewing disability for three months and oral bleeding for two days. On physical examination, it was found in the oral cavity, increased volume and blackening of the tongue. The animal was hospitalized and the guardian opted for euthanasia. Cytological and histopathological examinations of the tongue was done, which proved to be proliferative endothelial cells and replaced the muscular layer of the tongue, forming primitive vascular structures, filled with the largest number of erythrocytes and supported by a discrete fibrovascular stroma, von Willebrand, vimentin and smooth muscle actin without immunohistochemical examination. According to the results of the cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, the animal was diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma in the tongue, which proves the importance of neoplasia as a differential diagnosis in the processes of tongue neoplasms, even though it is not a common anomaly

CATETER VENOSO CENTRAL TOTALMENTE IMPLANTÁVEL EM CÃES SUBMETIDOS À QUIMIOTERAPIA

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Treatment of canine multicentric lymphoma through vascular access port vs. peripheral venous catheter

Background: Vascular access port (VAP) was developed for the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, minimizing local drug reactions and complications associated with migration of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) in humans. The device is widely used in human oncology and has gained importance in veterinary oncology, especially in long treatment regimens, as in the case of canine lymphoma. VAP favors therapy and the animals life quality. The aim of this study was to describe the use of VAP in dogs, comparing to PVC access, during canine lymphoma chemotherapeutic treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Eleven dogs with multicentric lymphoma which required chemotherapy were selected for the study. The dogs were randomly allocated to two groups with five and six animals, and each group received the chemotherapy protocol through the PVC (n= 5) or VAP (n= 6). For the sake of standardization, assessments were made whenever the dogs received vincristine sulfate, despite the use of the infusion system in all sessions of the Madison- Wisconsin protocol. A VAP was implanted into the right external jugular vein of six dogs under inhalational anesthesia, using the Seldinger technique. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels and handling time during chemotherapy sessions were compared in both groups in three time periods during the procedures: 10 min after arrival to each chemotherapy (P1); immediately after placement of the PVC or puncture of the VAP reservoir (P2); and at the end of chemotherapy (P3). The arithmetic mean of five consecutive assessments was used in each time period. In the chemotherapy sessions, the mean of SBP variation decreased statistically significant in the VAP group compared to PVC group. SBP decreased from P1 to P2 and from P1 to P3 in all sessions (S1, S2, and S3) in the VAP group, and increased in the PVC group. The handling time of VAP group was 110.6 ± 8.4 s, compared to 219.2 ± 24.7 s (mean ± standard error) in the PVC group, showing statisti¬cally significant difference (P < 0.001). VAP surgical implantation time averaged 37 min, decreasing gradually from the first (55 min) to the last patient (21 min). Discussion: SBP levels suggest that the VAP group was calmer from the beginning to the end of the sessions, showed lower SBP levels, and required shorter handling time than did the PVC group. Blood pressure is one of the most objec¬tive ways to assess welfare or stress in dogs. When dog feels threatened or scared, its body automatically enters a state of emergency and, among several changes, blood pressure increases. VAP surgical implantation in dogs have easy learning, as previously described, proven by implantation time progressive reduction. The Seldinger technique is the method of choice for catheter implantation in humans. Dissection of the jugular vein is an alternative, however, the technique with a single incision and venipuncture is less invasive than its modifications. The jugular vein was used because is the site of choice for central accesses in veterinary practice, with a shorter path to the right atrium and smaller rates of catheter mis¬placement, reducing the risk of pneumothorax, venous thrombosis, and pinch-off syndrome. VAP surgical implantation in dogs have easy learning, proven by the implantation time progressive reduction. The study confirmed that VAP promoted animal welfare, shortened chemotherapy sessions, and caused less discomfort to dogs treated for multicentric lymphoma, as indicated by the reduction in SBP, when compared to the PVC group

Hemangiosarcoma in a Cat’s Tongue

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a primary malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial cells, common in dogs and uncommon in cats. It is characterized by being aggressive and presenting high metastatic behavior. It corresponds to 0.5% to 2% of all feline neoplasms, with more reports in shorthaired cats aged between 8 and 12.2 years old, with no predisposition for sex or breed. Among the diagnostic methods, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams stand out because they are more accurate, since the result of fine-needle aspiration biopsy is usually hidden by blood contamination. This report aims to describe a case of a hemangiosarcoma in a cat's tongue.Case: A 9-year-old, female, shorthair cat with a history of weight loss, lethargy, chewing difficulty with the evolution of three months and two-day oral bleeding was attended. Physical examination revealed blood in the oral cavity, enlargement, and darkening of the tongue surface, normalized oral and ocular mucous membranes, estimated dehydration of 7%, a rectal temperature of 38,8°C, and pulmonary and cardiac auscultation without changes. The cat was hospitalized, and euthanasia was elected. Cytological and histopathological exams of the tongue were requested, which revealed a neoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells expanding and replacing the muscular layer of the tongue, forming primitive vascular structures filled with a large number of red blood cells and supported by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. There were moderate anisocytosis and anisocariosis and rare figures of mitosis. Immunohistochemical examination showed the expression of von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle vimentin, and actin in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, and negative staining for pancitokeratin.Discussion: According to the results of cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the cat was diagnosed with tongue hemangiosarcoma. The involvement of the tongue in cases of feline hemangiosarcoma is not commonly reported, as the oral cavity is an uncommon site of neoplasm in cats and hemangiossarcoma neoplasm is considered rare in this species. The cytological examination of the patient's tongue was useful to suggest the diagnosis of sarcoma due to a large number of neoplastic cells present in the sample, and later, because it is more specific, the histopathological examination was performed to find out the origin of the tissue. The definitive diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma could be confirmed by the alterations found in the histopathological and immunohistochemical exams. The appearance of erythrocytes within tumor vascular channels, the rapid mass development, moderate anisocytosis, anisocariosis, and irregularity of vascular channels, along with the expression of smooth muscle action, excluded the differential diagnosis of hemangioma and lymphangiosarcoma. Due to the ability of the hemangiosarcoma to be a primary or metastatic tumor and the performance of the necropsy examination was not authorized, we could not determinate the primary origin of the tumor. However, we suggest in the present study that the neoplasm is primary of the tongue because there are no skin lesions or alterations in other organs, besides the tongue is not a common site of metastasis. In conclusion, hemangiosarcoma should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of tongue neoplasia, although uncommon in felines, and that histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations are indispensable to define an accurate diagnosis