20,838 research outputs found
Parametric, Optimization-Based Study on the Feasibility of a Multisegment Antisolvent Crystallizer for in Situ Fines Removal and Matching of Target Size Distribution
Peer reviewedPostprin
Gamma Ray Burst Host Galaxies Have `Normal' Luminosities
The galactic environment of Gamma Ray Bursts can provide good evidence about
the nature of the progenitor system, with two old arguments implying that the
burst host galaxies are significantly subluminous. New data and new analysis
have now reversed this picture: (A) Even though the first two known host
galaxies are indeed greatly subluminous, the next eight hosts have absolute
magnitudes typical for a population of field galaxies. A detailed analysis of
the 16 known hosts (ten with red shifts) shows them to be consistent with a
Schechter luminosity function with as expected for
normal galaxies. (B) Bright bursts from the Interplanetary Network are
typically 18 times brighter than the faint bursts with red shifts, however the
bright bursts do not have galaxies inside their error boxes to limits deeper
than expected based on the luminosities for the two samples being identical. A
new solution to this dilemma is that a broad burst luminosity function along
with a burst number density varying as the star formation rate will require the
average luminosity of the bright sample (
or ) to be much greater than the
average luminosity of the faint sample ( or ). This places the bright bursts at distances
for which host galaxies with a normal luminosity will not violate the observed
limits. In conclusion, all current evidence points to GRB host galaxies being
normal in luminosity.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to ApJLet
Structural distortions and model Hamiltonian parameters: from LSDA to a tight-binding description of LaMnO_3
The physics of manganites is often described within an effective two-band
tight-binding (TB) model for the Mn e_g electrons, which apart from the kinetic
energy includes also a local "Hund's rule" coupling to the t_{2g} core spin and
a local coupling to the Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion of the oxygen octahedra. We
test the validity of this model by comparing the energy dispersion calculated
for the TB model with the full Kohn-Sham band-structure calculated within the
local spin-density approximation (LSDA) to density functional theory. We
analyze the effect of magnetic order, JT distortions, and "GdFeO_3-type"
tilt-rotations of the oxygen octahedra. We show that the hopping amplitudes are
independent of magnetic order and JT distortions, and that both effects can be
described with a consistent set of model parameters if hopping between both
nearest and next-nearest neighbors is taken into account. We determine a full
set of model parameters from the density functional theory calculations, and we
show that both JT distortions and Hund's rule coupling are required to obtain
an insulating ground state within LSDA. Furthermore, our calculations show that
the "GdFeO_3-type" rotations of the oxygen octahedra lead to a substantial
reduction of the hopping amplitudes but to no significant deviation from the
simple TB model.Comment: replaced with final (published) version with improved presentatio
Dissipation due to tunneling two-level systems in gold nanomechanical resonators
We present measurements of the dissipation and frequency shift in
nanomechanical gold resonators at temperatures down to 10 mK. The resonators
were fabricated as doubly-clamped beams above a GaAs substrate and actuated
magnetomotively. Measurements on beams with frequencies 7.95 MHz and 3.87 MHz
revealed that from 30 mK to 500 mK the dissipation increases with temperature
as , with saturation occurring at higher temperatures. The relative
frequency shift of the resonators increases logarithmically with temperature up
to at least 400 mK. Similarities with the behavior of bulk amorphous solids
suggest that the dissipation in our resonators is dominated by two-level
systems
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