Acquiring knowledge on species-specific biorealities: The applied evolutionary epistemological approach

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Evolutionary Epistemology: Two Research Avenues, Three Schools, and A Single and Shared Agenda

This special issue for the Journal for General Philosophy of Science is devoted to exploring the impact and many ramifications of current research in evolutionary epistemology. Evolutionary epistemology is an inter- and multidisciplinary area of research that can be divided into two ever-inclusive research avenues. One research avenue expands on the EEM program and investigates the epistemology of evolution. The other research avenue builds on the EET program and researches the evolution of epistemology. Since its conception, EE has developed three schools of thought: adaptationist, non-adaptationist, and applied EE. Although diverse in outlook and theoretical background, these research avenues and schools share the same agenda of understanding how knowledge evolves, and how it relates to the world. In this paper, we first explain wherefrom evolutionary epistemological schools of thought developed, and then we highlight current debates in EE by briefly reviewing the papers that form part of this special issue

Kinetics Study of the Hydrodeoxygenation of Xylitol over a ReO\u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3e-Pd/CeO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Catalyst

In this study, we elucidate the reaction kinetics for the simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of xylitol to 1,2-dideoxypentitol and 1,2,5-pentanetriol over a ReOx-Pd/CeO2 (2.0 weight% Re, 0.30 weight% Pd) catalyst. The reaction was determined to be a zero-order reaction with respect to xylitol. The activation energy was elucidated through an Arrhenius relationship as well as non-Arrhenius kinetics. The Arrhenius relationship was investigated at 150–170◦ C and a constant H2 pressure of 10 bar resulting in an activation energy of 48.7 ± 10.5 kJ/mol. The investigation of non-Arrhenius kinetics was conducted at 120–170◦ C and a sub-Arrhenius relation was elucidated with activation energy being dependent on temperature, and ranging from 10.2–51.8 kJ/mol in the temperature range investigated. Internal and external mass transfer were investigated through evaluating the Weisz–Prater criterion and the effect of varying stirring rate on the reaction rate, respectively. There were no internal or external mass transfer limitations present in the reaction

Fixing a Hole: a Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating HAV, HBV, Tetanus Screening, and Vaccination During Hospitalization in Persons Who Use Substances

Background:Rates of serious injection-related infections in persons who use drugs have increased. Resulting admissions are an opportunity for screening and vaccination of preventable infections such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tetanus. Design and methods:We conducted a retrospective review of adults with documented substance use admitted for bacterial infection between July 2015 and March 2020. We evaluated HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccination status at admission, along with screening for HAV and HBV infection and immunity. We identified the proportion of patients at risk for infection who received HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccines during admission and patient-level factors associated with vaccination. Results:We identified 280 patients who met our inclusion criteria. Of the 198 (70.7%) patients at risk for HAV, infectious disease providers recommended vaccination for 21 (10.6%) and 15 (7.6%) received HAV vaccine. Of the 174 (62.1%) patients at risk for HBV, infectious disease providers recommended vaccination for 32 (18.3%) and 25 (14.4%) received HBV vaccine. A large proportion of patients (31.4%, 88) had no documentation of prior tetanus vaccination, and infectious disease providers recommended tetanus vaccination for three (1.1%) and five patients (1.8%) received a tetanus booster. Infectious disease consult vaccine recommendations were statistically significantly associated with HAV or HBV vaccination prior to discharge. Conclusion:Over 70% of our population is at risk for one or more of these preventable infections. Efforts are needed to maximize inpatient screening and vaccination for HAV, HBV, and tetanus in patients with barriers to care

Kinetics Study of the Hydrodeoxygenation of Xylitol over a ReO\u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3e-Pd/CeO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Catalyst

In this study, we elucidate the reaction kinetics for the simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of xylitol to 1,2-dideoxypentitol and 1,2,5-pentanetriol over a ReOx-Pd/CeO2 (2.0 weight% Re, 0.30 weight% Pd) catalyst. The reaction was determined to be a zero-order reaction with respect to xylitol. The activation energy was elucidated through an Arrhenius relationship as well as non-Arrhenius kinetics. The Arrhenius relationship was investigated at 150–170◦ C and a constant H2 pressure of 10 bar resulting in an activation energy of 48.7 ± 10.5 kJ/mol. The investigation of non-Arrhenius kinetics was conducted at 120–170◦ C and a sub-Arrhenius relation was elucidated with activation energy being dependent on temperature, and ranging from 10.2–51.8 kJ/mol in the temperature range investigated. Internal and external mass transfer were investigated through evaluating the Weisz–Prater criterion and the effect of varying stirring rate on the reaction rate, respectively. There were no internal or external mass transfer limitations present in the reaction

The moral lives of animals

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The Moral Lives of Animals

Discussions of the moral status of animals typically address the key questions from an anthropocentric point of view. An alternative approach adopts a non-anthropocentric perspective. In this paper, I explore the theoretical and experimental results which make this approach plausible and address two key questions: [1] to what extent is it proper to speak of the moral lives of non-human animals? [2] How might we empirically establish that animals lead moral lives