Consumption of Organic Foods from a Life History Perspective:An Explorative Study among Italian consumers

Taking into consideration individuals’ cognitive reasoning, and assuming that consumption of organic food has involved a change of mind about food experiences and food habits, we have identified the concepts, stories and theories mentioned by respondents in their discourses about organic food. Regular consumers trust organic products because they believe that they are healthier and tastier than any other product. A growing stock of information supports their food choice and confidence in organic food. Occasional consumers have strong beliefs about the better taste and the higher quality of organic food in general. Non organic users sometimes perceive organic food as a new fashion, the last fad. Organic food is still confused with close ‘substitutes’, such as ‘natural’, ‘macrobiotic’ and similar products. Many occasional consumers believe that regular consumers are somewhat obsessed with organic food and that they look and behave strangely. Organic products are generally perceived and experienced as expensive products, when compared to conventional alternatives. To organic consumer the rewards they perceive to gain from organic food is well beyond the resources (in terms of time and money) they employ to search for the higher quality of organic products. Institutional attempts to change consumer behaviour are commonly categorized into consumer information, consumer education and consumer advice (Peter et al., 1999).In order to increase both behavioural and attitudinal loyalty, the level of consumer information and product knowledge should be increased. Besides, consumers will become more committed if their beliefs regarding the intrinsic self-relevance of organic food will increase in the future

Artificial languages in JRR Tolkien's novel The Fellowship of The Ring and its film version

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A methodology for software performance modeling and its application to a border inspection system

It is essential that software systems meet their performance objectives. Many factors affect software performance and it is fundamental to identify those factors and the magnitude of their effects early in the software lifecycle to avoid costly and extensive changes to software design, implementation, or requirements. In the last decade the development of techniques and methodologies to carry out performance analysis in the early stages of the software lifecycle has gained a lot of attention within the research community. Different approaches to evaluate software performance have been developed. Each of them is characterized by a certain software specification and performance modeling notation.;In this thesis we present a methodology for predictive performance modeling and analysis of software systems. We use the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a software modeling notation and Layered Queuing Networks (LQN) as a performance modeling notation. Our focus is on the definition of a UML to LQN transformation We extend existing approaches by applying the transformation to a different set of UML diagrams, and propose a few extensions to the current UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance, and Time , which we use to annotate UML diagrams with performance-related information. We test the applicability of our methodology to the performance evaluation of a complex software system used at border entry ports to grant or deny access to incoming travelers

Exploring the orthogonal dynamic covalent imine and disulfide bonds in polymer systems

PhD ThesisIn the field of supramolecular systems chemistry the desire of researchers to endow functional macromolecular systems with orthogonal stimuli-responsiveness has fueled interest in the incorporation of multiple orthogonal dynamic covalent chemistries within a single chemical system. Dynamic covalent chemistry involves reversible bond forming processes which can be harnessed in the development of dynamic supramolecular systems providing a mechanism for structural reconfiguration of system components in response to external stimuli. Despite the inspiring gamut of recently brandished studies, there is a still a call on the resourcefulness of chemists to expand the capacity for the introduction of multi-faceted, orthogonal, stimuli-responsive behaviors. Herein, a critical analysis of recently reported landmark studies has been undertaken wherein the utility of orthogonal dynamic covalent bonding motifs in functional systems is highlighted. Furthering the concepts of orthogonality with respect to dynamic covalent chemistry presented therein, a small molecule ‘model system’ was developed with which the orthogonality of imine and disulfide dynamic covalent bonds was demonstrated by its operation. A key focus of this preliminary work was the orthogonal bond forming and bond breaking processes of imine and disulfide dynamic covalent bonds. Upon the establishment of conditions necessary to exploit the orthogonal utility of imine and disulfide bonds, the incorporation of aldehydes, amines and thiols within acrylamide-based copolymers as pendant functional groups was achieved. These pre-formed functional polymer building blocks were shown to undergo stimuli-responsive intermolecular cross-linking in aqueous media yielding disulfide or imine cross-linked nanoparticles or hydrogels. The scope and utility of imine and disulfide bonds in the formation of these nanostructured materials is compared and contrasted. It is reasoned that expanding understanding and availability of dynamic covalent bonding motifs will facilitate evolution of systems of greater sophistication capable of embodying increasingly information-rich processes

Design Requirements of Office Systems

Automation of office work constitutes a new growing appl ication of information systems. The original characteri stics of an Office Information System (OIS) in comparison with a conventional information system imply the need for devel opi ng new design methodol ogies and model s, which are cl assified and discussed in this paper. OIS are not just document management systems (or word processing systems), 1.e., they do not consider only, or mainly, static aspects of data: they are in fact more general information systems where documents are only one of the many elements of the system. In addition, while conventional IS are often applied to support operational activities, office work shows many different facets, and therefore it is not reduci bl e to a set of operatl onal activities. Correspondi ngly, whil e the main phases that are commonly recognized in the design of a conventional IS (such as requi rements analysis, requi rements specification, logical design, optimization and implementation, system eval uatl on and . modification) can be transferred al so to OIS design, the , conceptual models for requirements specifications, on which the early design phases are based, should instead be changed in order to allow the specification of particular aspects of an OIS. Such aspects include new functionalities, such as filtering of data, reminding of activities to be performed, scheduling of manual and automatic activities, and communication; some specific types of data are also needed in an OIS: groups of data (documents and dossiers), unstructured and incomplete data, sophisticated handling of time, and of compl ex situations, distributed data, office workers roles. Other particular aspects are related to the fact that an office system is intrisically evol uti onary, and with the usage of the system: highly interactive, integrating different functions, requiring great flexibility with possible interruptions of tasks and with a high number of exceptions arising during the work

The Effects of Teaching Nonfiction Text Structure Reading Strategies and Thinking Maps on Writing Quality in Sixth-Grade ELA and Science Students

The purpose of this action research study is to examine the use of nonfiction text structures (i.e. mentor texts, signal words, and thinking maps) in both English language arts (ELA) and science classes to evaluate the comprehension of topics and concepts through student writing samples. The researchers used multiple data sources to better understand how the instruction of nonfiction text structures affects the ability of sixth-grade students to express their comprehension through writing. Confidential preand post-feedback forms were used to gauge student perceptions of writing improvement and comprehension. Each teacher also conducted confidential student conferences twice during the study and used a common rubric to assess writing samples. The researchers triangulated data to investigate the effects on students’ writing skills, their perception of those skills, and the instruction of writing for/in various classes. Following the analysis of data for meaningful trends, the researchers found that interdisciplinary writing instruction was best supported when teachers collaboratively create and implement common strategies and assessments

The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index as a predictor of survival in surgically treated vulvar cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) in predicting disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) among surgically treated patients with vulvar carcinoma. The secondary aim is to evaluate its impact as a predictor of the pattern of recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated data of patients that underwent surgical treatment for vulvar cancer from 1998 to 2016. ACCI at the time of primary surgery was evaluated and patients were classified as low (ACCI 0-1), intermediate (ACCI 2-3), and high risk (>3). DFS, OS and CSS were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meir and the Cox proportional hazard models. Logistic regression model was used to assess predictors of distant and local recurrence. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. Twelve were classified as low, 36 as intermediate, and 30 as high risk according to their ACCI. Using multivariate analysis, ACCI class was an independent predictor of worse DFS (hazard ratio [HR]=3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.54-5.99; p<0.001), OS (HR=5.25; 95% CI=1.63-16.89; p=0.005) and CSS (HR=3.79; 95% CI=1.13-12.78; p=0.03). Positive nodal status (odds ratio=8.46; 95% CI=2.13-33.58; p=0.002) was the only parameter correlated with distant recurrence at logistic regression. CONCLUSION: ACCI could be a useful tool in predicting prognosis in surgically treated vulvar cancer patients. Prospective multicenter trials assessing the role of ACCI in vulvar cancer patients are warranted