Differential Form of the Collision Integral for a Relativistic Plasma

The differential formulation of the Landau-Fokker-Planck collision integral is developed for the case of relativistic electromagnetic interactions.Comment: Plain TeX, 5 page

Uncertainty Estimates for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Data

Sources of uncertainty are reviewed for calculated atomic and molecular data that are important for plasma modeling: atomic and molecular structure and cross sections for electron-atom, electron-molecule, and heavy particle collisions. We concentrate on model uncertainties due to approximations to the fundamental many-body quantum mechanical equations and we aim to provide guidelines to estimate uncertainties as a routine part of computations of data for structure and scattering.Comment: 65 pages, 18 Figures, 3 Tables. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. Final accepted versio

The impact of columnar file formats on SQL‐on‐hadoop engine performance: A study on ORC and Parquet

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Atomic-scale representation and statistical learning of tensorial properties

This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating three-dimensional symmetries in the context of statistical learning models geared towards the interpolation of the tensorial properties of atomic-scale structures. We focus on Gaussian process regression, and in particular on the construction of structural representations, and the associated kernel functions, that are endowed with the geometric covariance properties compatible with those of the learning targets. We summarize the general formulation of such a symmetry-adapted Gaussian process regression model, and how it can be implemented based on a scheme that generalizes the popular smooth overlap of atomic positions representation. We give examples of the performance of this framework when learning the polarizability and the ground-state electron density of a molecule

Solitary magnetic perturbations at the ELM onset

Edge localised modes (ELMs) allow maintaining sufficient purity of tokamak H-mode plasmas and thus enable stationary H-mode. On the other hand in a future device ELMs may cause divertor power flux densities far in excess of tolerable material limits. The size of the energy loss per ELM is determined by saturation effects in the non-linear phase of the ELM, which at present is hardly understood. Solitary magnetic perturbations (SMPs) are identified as dominant features in the radial magnetic fluctuations below 100kHz. They are typically observed close (+-0.1ms) to the onset of pedestal erosion. SMPs are field aligned structures rotating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction with perpendicular velocities of about 10km/s. A comparison of perpendicular velocities suggests that the perturbation evoking SMPs is located at or inside the separatrix. Analysis of very pronounced examples showed that the number of peaks per toroidal turn is 1 or 2, which is clearly lower than corresponding numbers in linear stability calculations. In combination with strong peaking of the magnetic signals this results in a solitary appearance resembling modes like palm tree modes, edge snakes or outer modes. This behavior has been quantified as solitariness and correlated to main plasma parameters. SMPs may be considered as a signature of the non-linear ELM-phase originating at the separatrix or further inside. Thus they provide a handle to investigate the transition from linear to non-linear ELM phase. By comparison with data from gas puff imaging processes in the non-linear phase at or inside the separatrix and in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) can be correlated. A connection between the passing of an SMP and the onset of radial filament propagation has been found. Eventually the findings related to SMPs may contribute to a future quantitative understanding of the non-linear ELM evolution.Comment: submitted to Nuclear Fusio

Treatment with soft laser. The effect on complaints after the removal of wisdom teeth in the mandible

In a placebo controlled double-blind randomized study the effect of low level laser therapy on postoperative complaints after removal of lower third molars was examined. Several parameters were investigated in two groups of patients; in one group low level laser was applied during and following third molar removal, in the other no active additional laser treatment was given. The results of this study show that therapeutic low level laser treatment could not statistically reduce the postoperative pain, swelling, trismus and function impairment after extraction of lower third molars.</p

Treatment with soft laser. The effect on complaints after the removal of wisdom teeth in the mandible

In a placebo controlled double-blind randomized study the effect of low level laser therapy on postoperative complaints after removal of lower third molars was examined. Several parameters were investigated in two groups of patients; in one group low level laser was applied during and following third molar removal, in the other no active additional laser treatment was given. The results of this study show that therapeutic low level laser treatment could not statistically reduce the postoperative pain, swelling, trismus and function impairment after extraction of lower third molars.</p

Treatment with soft laser. The effect on complaints after the removal of wisdom teeth in the mandible

In a placebo controlled double-blind randomized study the effect of low level laser therapy on postoperative complaints after removal of lower third molars was examined. Several parameters were investigated in two groups of patients; in one group low level laser was applied during and following third molar removal, in the other no active additional laser treatment was given. The results of this study show that therapeutic low level laser treatment could not statistically reduce the postoperative pain, swelling, trismus and function impairment after extraction of lower third molars.</p

Treatment with soft laser. The effect on complaints after the removal of wisdom teeth in the mandible

In a placebo controlled double-blind randomized study the effect of low level laser therapy on postoperative complaints after removal of lower third molars was examined. Several parameters were investigated in two groups of patients; in one group low level laser was applied during and following third molar removal, in the other no active additional laser treatment was given. The results of this study show that therapeutic low level laser treatment could not statistically reduce the postoperative pain, swelling, trismus and function impairment after extraction of lower third molars.</p