Kein kaltes Werk für eine kalte Welt : Homosexualität als Fokus in Brechts "Caesar"

Mannmännliches Begehren und Lieben ist sicher kein Schwerpunkt für Brecht gewesen, doch hat es ihn unleugbar fasziniert. Von Anfang an gibt es, wenn auch nur sporadisch, Homosexualität in seinem Werk. Die Texte bis ca. 1938 repräsentieren indessen nichts, was im gängigen Sinn als „schwule Literatur“ gelten könnte. Weder manifestierte sich Brecht je als „bisexuell“ oder gar „schwul“, noch wird der Stellenwert von Homosexualität – oder genauer gesagt: von Homosexualitäten – bei ihm thematisiert. Nie hat er je irgend etwas gezielt für „Schwule“ geschrieben. Eine andere Rolle spielt die Schilderung von Homosexualität in Bertolt Brechts Romansatire "Die Geschäfte des Herrn Julius Caesar". An diesem Projekt arbeitete er 1938/39 gemeinsam mit seiner Geliebten Margarete Steffin (1908-1941) im dänischen und schwedischen Exil. Der umfangreiche Fragment gebliebene Roman wurde in Buchform erst posthum 1957 veröffentlicht. Der Roman, obschon wie ein Großteil seiner Prosa, in den Schatten der medialen und wissenschaftlichen Aufmerksamkeit für den Lyriker, Dramatiker und Theatermann geraten, gehört zweifellos zu den Hauptwerken Bertolt Brechts und steht an zentraler Stelle in seinem Schaffen. Einige der wichtigsten Themen Brechts fließen im Caesar-Projekt zusammen, das reichen Aufschluss gibt über seine Sicht der Dinge und seine sich daraus ergebende Arbeitsweise

Development of Phantoms for Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Particle Imaging

Phantoms are crucial for the development of imaging techniques based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). They serve as test objects to simulate application scenarios but are also used for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparisons. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is excellent for specifically detecting magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) without any background signals. To obtain information about the surrounding soft tissue, MPI is often used in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For such application scenarios, this poses a challenge for phantom fabrication, as they need to accommodate MNP as well as provide MR visibility. Recently, layer-by-layer fabrication of parts using Additive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a powerful tool for creating complex and patient-specific phantoms, but these are characterized by poor MR visibility of the AM material. We present the systematic screening of AM materials as candidates for multimodal MRI/MPI imaging. Of all investigated materials, silicone (Dreve, Biotec) exhibited the best properties with sufficient MR-signal performance and the lowest absorption of MNP at the interface of AM materials. With the help of AM and the selection of appropriate materials, we have been able to produce suitable MRI/MPI phantoms

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press