The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and the Network Structure of International Trade

This paper estimates for 28 product groups a characteristic parameter that reflects the topological structure of its trading network. Using these estimates, it then describes how the structure of international trade has evolved during the 1980-2000 period. Thereafter, it demonstrates the importance of networks in international trade by explicitly accounting for their scaling properties when testing the prediction of the Heckscher-Ohlin model that factor endowment differentials determine bilateral trade flows. The results suggest that differences in factor endowments increase bilateral trade in goods that are traded in "dispersed" networks. For goods that are traded in "concentrated" networks, factor endowment differentials are less important.Networks, international trade, gravity model

The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and the Network Structure of International Trade

This paper estimates for 28 product groups a characteristic parameter that reflects the topological structure of its trading network. Using these estimates, it then describes how the structure of international trade has evolved during the 1980-2000 period. Thereafter, it demonstrates the importance of networks in international trade by explicitly accounting for their scaling properties when testing the prediction of the Heckscher-Ohlin model that factor endowment differentials determine bilateral trade flows. The results suggest that differences in factor endowments increase bilateral trade in goods that are traded in "dispersed" networks. For goods that are traded in "concentrated" networks, factor endowment differentials are less important

The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and the Network Structure of International Trade

This paper estimates for 28 product groups a characteristic parameter that reflects the topological structure of its trading network. Using these estimates, it then describes how the structure of international trade has evolved during the 1980-2000 period. Thereafter, it demonstrates the importance of networks in international trade by explicitly accounting for their scaling properties when testing the prediction of the Heckscher-Ohlin model that factor endowment differentials determine bilateral trade flows. The results suggest that differences in factor endowments increase bilateral trade in goods that are traded in "dispersed" networks. For goods that are traded in "concentrated" networks, factor endowment differentials are less important

Raum, Gabe und Erinnerung. Weihgaben und Heiligtümerin prähistorischen und antiken Gesellschaften

Die Konzepte Raum - Gabe - Erinnerung entfalten durch ihr Zusammenspiel ein großes sozialhistorisches Erkenntnispotential für die altertumswissenscha liche Forschung. Nicht nur Formen des Gabentausches oder des gesellscha lichen Erinnerns stehen in einem kulturspezifi schen Kontext, sondern auch die Konstruktion des Raumes selbst. Der Band versammelt ein fachlich breites Spektrum an Beiträgen von der Ethnologie über die prähistorische Archäologie bis zur klassischen Altertumskunde mit Beispielen von Irland bis Zentralasien. Die Beiträge eröffnen nicht nur neue empirische Einblicke, sondern auch neue theoretische Perspektiven für die Erforschung der Votivpraxis seit der Bronzezeit. Die Praxis der Votivgabe ist ein Kennzeichen der meisten antiken Religionen und reicht mit der Fortführung in der christlichen Kultpraxis bis in die Gegenwart

Analysis of Hydrogen-Induced Changes in the Cyclic Deformation Behavior of AISI 300–Series Austenitic Stainless Steels Using Cyclic Indentation Testing

The locally occurring mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement significantly influence the fatigue behavior of a material, which was shown in previous research on two different AISI 300-series austenitic stainless steels with different austenite stabilities. In this preliminary work, an enhanced fatigue crack growth as well as changes in crack initiation sites and morphology caused by hydrogen were observed. To further analyze the results obtained in this previous research, in the present work the local cyclic deformation behavior of the material volume was analyzed by using cyclic indentation testing. Moreover, these results were correlated to the local dislocation structures obtained with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the vicinity of fatigue cracks. The cyclic indentation tests show a decreased cyclic hardening potential as well as an increased dislocation mobility for the conditions precharged with hydrogen, which correlates to the TEM analysis, revealing courser dislocation cells in the vicinity of the fatigue crack tip. Consequently, the presented results indicate that the hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) mechanism leads to accelerated crack growth and change in crack morphology for the materials investigated. In summary, the cyclic indentation tests show a high potential for an analysis of the effects of hydrogen on the local cyclic deformation behavior