4 research outputs found
Bioavailability of n-3 fatty acids from n-3 enriched foods and fish oil with different oxidative quality in healthy humans – a randomized single meal cross-over study
Regular consumption of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 FA) reduces postprandial triacylglycerolaemia. Functional foods and supplements are alternative sources of LC n-3 FA; however, emulsification technologies, food matrices and altered lipid oxidation levels affect their bioavailability. Moreover, which functional foods are optimal LC n-3 FA carriers is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the bioavailability of LC n-3 FA and the postprandial TAG response after the intake of oxidised or non-oxidised cod liver oil and after the intake of emulsified or non-emulsified LC n-3 FA using novel functional food items as LC n-3 FA carriers in a randomised cross-over acute study. A total of twenty-four healthy subjects completed the study in which subjects consumed one of four different test meals containing 1·5 g LC n-3 FA, or a control meal with no LC n-3 FA. Postprandial TAG-rich lipoproteins were isolated and their fatty acid composition was measured. The LC n-3 FA from emulsified foods were more rapidly incorporated into TAG-rich lipoproteins compared with non-emulsified foods. The incorporation of LC n-3 FA was similar for oils emulsified in yogurt or juice and was unaffected by the oxidative status of the oil. Postprandial TAG levels did not differ among the various test meals. In conclusion, emulsification increases the bioavailability of LC n-3 FA through a more rapid incorporation into TAG-rich lipoproteins, and juice and yogurt are equally suited as LC n-3 FA carriers. The acute intake of oxidised cod liver oil does not influence the incorporation of LC n-3 FA into TAG-rich lipoproteins
Fish oil supplementation induces Expression of genes related to cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a transcriptomic approach
Background. Fish oil supplementation has been shown
to alter gene expression of mononuclear cells both in
vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the
total transcriptome profile in healthy subjects after
intake of fish oil. We therefore investigated the gene
expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs) after intake of fish oil for 7 weeks
using transcriptome analyses.
Design. In a 7-week, double-blinded, randomized, controlled,
parallel-group study, healthy subjects
received 8 g day 1 fish oil (1.6 g day 1 eicosapentaenoic
acid + docosahexaenoic acid) (n = 17) or
8 g day 1 high oleic sunflower oil (n = 19). Microarray
analyses of RNA isolated from PBMCs were performed
at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. Results. Cell cycle, DNA packaging and chromosome
organization are biological processes found to be
upregulated after intake of fish oil compared to
high oleic sunflower oil using a moderated t-test.
In addition, gene set enrichment analysis identified
several enriched gene sets after intake of fish
oil. The genes contributing to the significantly
different gene sets in the subjects given fish oil
compared with the control group are involved in
cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and
apoptosis. Gene transcripts with common motifs
for 35 known transcription factors including E2F,
TP53 and ATF4 were upregulated after intake of
fish oil.
Conclusion. We have shown that intake of fish oil for
7 weeks modulates gene expression in PBMCs of
healthy subjects. The increased expression of
genes related to cell cycle, ER stress and apoptosis
suggests that intake of fish oil may modulate basic
cellular processes involved in normal cellular function
The PBMC transcriptome profile after intakeof oxidized versus high-quality fish oil: anexplorative study in healthy subjects
Background: Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of
different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize
sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV:
18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3).
Methods: In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to
8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood
mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the
illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip.
Results: No gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized
fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular
disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent
effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline
versus three within the oxidized fish oil group.
Conclusion: The suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may
therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0103442
The PBMC transcriptome profile after intake of oxidized versus high-quality fish oil: an explorative study in healthy subjects
Background: Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV: 18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3). Methods: In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to 8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. Results: No gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline versus three within the oxidized fish oil group. Conclusion: The suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0103442