The Role of Non-Juridical Regulations in Society

Habits in a word, are a large category of social rules. They are as old as man and are the first regulations of conformist behaviour in human communities. Habits are spontaneously formed and occur due to the repeated and extended application of a conduct. A habit becomes a rule entered in the life and tradition of the community that people comply with as usage or practice.non-juridical regulations, society, habits, cohabitation regulations, moral regulation.

Innovative technique for treating Miller’s class III recession defect

Rezumat. Introducere: Recesia gingivală (RG) se prezintă nu doar cu pierderea atașamentului parodontal ci este însoțită în general și de un aspect inestetic. Această prezentare de caz descrie o tehnică de acoperire a unei recesii gingivale clasa a III-a Miller într-o zonă cu cerințe estetice ridicate. Recesia a fost tratată cu success utilizând o abordare tunelizată semilunară alături de o grefă sub-epitelială de țesut conjunctiv (GTC). Prezentarea cazului: O pacientă în vârstă de 28 de ani s-a prezentat la tratament datorită unei RG asociată cu o discromie marcată la nivelul lui 2.1. Examinarea clinică a evidențiat în antecedente un tratament endodontic, o coroană metalo-ceramică alături de o rădăcină extrem de discromică asociată cu un defect gingival clasa a III-a Miller. O combinație de terapie endodontică, restaurativă și chirugie corectivă muco-gingivală s-a folosit pentru a trata cu success această situație. Datorită unui atașament înalt al frenului labial, rezultat ca și consecință a procedurilor chirurgicale anterioare, s-a realizat o modificare a techinicii semilunare ca modalitate de abordare a cazului. La reevaluarea cazului la 12 luni pacienta a prezentat o acoperire a rădăcinii de 100% și semne indistinctibile de tratament anterior la nivelul lui 2.1. Concluzii: O abordare tunelizată semilunară asociată cu o grefă sub-epitelială de țesut conjunctiv poate fi aplicată cu succes pentru acoperirea recesiilor gingivale de clasa a III-a Miller.Abstract. Introduction: Gingival recession (GR) presents not only with loss of supporting attachment apparatus but it is also generally accompanied by unpleasant esthetic appearance. This case report describes how a Miller’s Class III recession defect on a highly esthetic area was successfully treated with a semilunar tunnel approach plus subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG). Case presentation: 28-year old female presented with the chief complain of GR associated with black pigmentation on #9. Clinical examination revealed history of endodontic treatment, metal-ceramic crown and a highly discolored root associated with a Miller’s class III recession defect. Combination of endodontic, restorative and corrective mucogingival therapy was utilized to successfully treat this condition. Due to the high frenulum attachment as a consequence of previous surgical procedures, a modification of the semilunar technique was chosen as the treatment approach. At 12-month re-evaluation patient presents with 100% root coverage and indistinguishable signs of previous treatment on #9. Conclusions: A semilunar tunnel approach with subepithelial connective tissue graft can successfully apply to treat Miller’s class III gingival recession defect

The Evaluation of the Cervical Marginal Sealing of Direct vs. Indirect Composite Resin Restorations in MOD Cavities

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the quality of marginal sealing at the cervical margins of indirect and direct composite resin restorations in mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities. Material and method: MOD preparations were performed on 30 extracted teeth. The mesial cervical margin of each tooth was relocated using a flow composite resin (Enamel Plus HRi Flow, Micerium, Avegno, GE, Italy), then the samples were divided into three groups. In group A, the cavities were directly restored using a nanohybrid composite resin (Miris 2 Coltène Whaledent, Altstaetten, Switzerland) and a universal adhesive (ScotchBond Universal, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) by the etch-and-rinse strategy, for group B, the restoration procedure was similar but the self-etch strategy was used, and the samples in group C were filled using the inlay technique. Each sample was stored for 48 h in a 2% methylene blue solution, then it was cut in a mesio-distal direction using a Struers Secotom 50 device (Cleveland, OH, USA). The marginal sealing and adhesive interface were assessed for each sample at the cervical margin by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Significant differences were recorded within groups A and C, between mesial and distal margins (p = 0.02 in group A and p = 0.043 in group C). Conclusions: The marginal sealing is more effective in MOD inlay restoration compared to direct restorations. Relocation of the cervical margin with flow composite resin and the use of different adhesive strategies do not improve the marginal sealing

Conventional and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Surface Characteristics after Acidic Challenges

The aim of the present study was to assess by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the surface roughness of a traditional glass ionomer cement- GIC (Fuji IX GP, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and a resin modified glass ionomer cement- RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) after different immersion regimes on some acidic drinks. Sixteen cylindrical samples having the height of 5 mm and the thickness of 2 mm were obtained from each material and they were divided into two groups: Group I (Fuji IX samples) and Group II (Vitremer samples). Specimens of each group were then randomly divided into 4 subgroups: subgroup A (control)—15 samples were kept in artificial saliva and in the other three subgroups, each having 15 samples the samples were immersed in Coca-Cola (subgroup B), Cappy lemonade and mint (subgroup C) and Fuzetea (subgroup D) for 7 days (subgroups A1–D1), 14 days (subgroups A2–D2), and 21 days (subgroups A3–D3). AFM qualitative and quantitative surface evaluation (mean value of surface roughness parameter, Sa) of each sample was performed. The highest surface roughness was determined when both materials were submerged 14 days in acidic drinks. Traditional GIC was more affected by acidic environment when comparing to RMGIC

ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ESTHETIC, FUNCTIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL STATUS OF POSTERIOR COMPOSITE RESINS RESTORATIONS

Aim. To determine factors influencing esthetic, functional and biologic criteria related to the status of the direct nanohybrid composite-based restorations. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 45 patients (mean age: 24.88 ± 6.709 yr; gender: 24 males, 21 females) with dental caries in posterior dental group that were treated in Clinical Base of Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.M.F. Grigore T.Popa Iasi (Romania). The status of 241 direct nanohybrid composite-based restorations was analyzed by using FDI indices. Risk factors for unacceptable FDI scores (4-5) of nanohybrid composite-based direct occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations were determined by using Pearson Chi-squared test and multivariate analysis. Results. 71,1% from all posterior composite resin restorations received scores FDI 1-3. Esthetic FDI scores 1-3 were recorded for 73,4% of all restorations, functional FDI scores 1-3 for 79,3% of all restorations, and biological FDI scores 1-3 for 86,25% of all restorations. Class II restorations had a 2.880 times higher risk of receiving FDI scores of 4-5 when compared to class I restorations, and composite restorations with an age of 3-5 years had a 2.081 times higher risk of receiving FDI scores of 4-5 when compared to restorations with an age of 1-2 years. Conclusions: Class II and age of restorations between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI scores for posterior composite resin restorations. Overall, high cariogenic risk is a risk factor for unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI scores. Gender, class II, and restorations with age between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI esthetic scores. High cariogenic risk patients, class II, and restorations with age between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI functional scores. Class II and age of restorations between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI biological scores

Evaluation of the Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins after Submission to Acidic and Abrasive Aggressions

This in vitro study aimed to assess the erosive effect of hydrochloric acid in association with toothbrushing procedure on the surface condition of three bulk-fill composite resins used for direct restoration. A total of 480 samples (160 from each composite resin): X-tra Fil (VOCO, Germany)—group A, Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior (3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA)—group B, G-aenial Posterior (GC Japan)—group C were prepared, submitted to chemical attack for 60 min with hydrochloric acid 30% and, subsequently, submitted to the abrasive effect of toothbrushing using 10,000 cycles with medium and hard bristles, at three different times (immediately and after 30 min after acid attack or without any chemical attack). The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a noncontact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). The values were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests, with a p < 0.05. Chemical attack for 60 min associated with one year of toothbrushing with toothbrushes having medium or hard bristles increase the surface roughness of tested bulk-fill composite resins. No differences were recorded between toothbrushing with medium or firm bristles immediately or 30 min after acidic challenge for each of the three bulk-fill composite resins. Exposure to hydrochloric acid determines no effect on surface roughness of bulk-fill composite resins