Supercontinuum generation in a water-core photonic crystal fiber

Supercontinuum generation is demonstrated in a 5-cm-long water-core photonic crystal fiber pumped near water's zero-dispersion wavelength. Up to 500-nm spectral width (evaluated at -20 dB from the peak) is achieved, while spectral widths were over 4 times narrower with a bulk setup at the same wavelength and peak power, and over 3 times narrower if the PCF was pumped away from the zero-dispersion wavelength. The supercontinuum generation mechanisms for bulk and waveguide setups are compared and tuning of the zero-dispersion wavelength via waveguide dispersion is theoretically investigated. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America.16139671967

Sealed Liquid-core Photonic Crystal Fibers For Practical Nonlinear Optics, Nanophotonics And Sensing Applications

Photonic crystal fibers have been the subject of several studies for potential application in areas such as sensing, nonlinear optics, telecommunication and nanophotonics. Many applications are enabled by the possibility of selectively inserting gases, liquids, polymers and colloids into the internal microstructure, which results in efficient interaction with the guided light, allowing for the development of, e.g., sensitive chemical sensors also, the insertion of materials can be exploited to modify waveguide characteristics such as modal field distributions, the nonlinear coefficient and the chromatic dispersion. Experimentally, the insertion of liquids is particularly straightforward and enables many of the envisaged studies. However, evaporation is an important limiting issue, which ultimately prevents the realization long-term practical applications. Also, in some cases contact of the liquid with the external environment may degrade its properties. To address these issues, we experimentally demonstrate a new technique to selectively seal a liquid-filled hole of a photonic crystal fiber. The characteristics of the sealed fibers remained stable for at least a few weeks. Two experiments were, then, carried out to demonstrate the potential of the technique. In the first experiment, a water-core photonic crystal fiber was used for supercontinuum generation, with the generated spectrum not showing degradation over time. In the second experiment, a colloid of CdSe nanoparticles was inserted into the core of a fiber and stable photoluminescence was observed. © 2010 SPIE.7839Russell, P.St.J., Photonic crystal fibers (2006) Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24 (12), pp. 4729-4749Fini, J.M., Microstructure fibres for optical sensing in gases and liquids (2004) Measurement Science and Technology, 15 (6), pp. 1120-1128. , DOI 10.1088/0957-0233/15/6/011, PII S0957023304753850Yiou, S., Delaye, P., Rouvie, A., Chinaud, J., Frey, R., Roosen, G., Viale, P., Blondy, J.-M., Stimulated Raman scattering in an ethanol core microstructured optical fiber (2005) Optics Express, 13 (12), pp. 4786-4791. , http://www.opticsexpress.org/view_file.cfm?doc= %24%29L%27%26KP%20%20%0A&id=%25%28%2C%3B%28J%3C0%20%0A, DOI 10.1364/OPEX.13.004786Bozolan, A., De Matos, C.J.S., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Santos, E.M., Travers, J., Supercontinuum generation in a water-core photonic crystal fiber (2008) Optics Express, 16 (13), pp. 9671-9676Meissner, K.E., Holton, C., Spillman Jr., W.B., Optical characterization of quantum dots entrained in microstructured optical fibers (2005) Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 26 (1-4), pp. 377-381. , DOI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.08.008, PII S138694770400431XOng, J.S.K., Facincani, De Matos, C.J.S., Evaporation in water-core photonic crystal-fibers (2008) 1 st Workhop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications, pp. 152-154. , São Pedro, BrazilHuang, Y., Xu, Y., Yariv, A., Fabrication of functional microstructured optical fibers through a selective-filling technique (2004) Applied Physics Letters, 85 (22), pp. 5182-5184. , DOI 10.1063/1.1828593, 3Witkowska, A., Lai, K., Leon-Saval, S.G., Wadsworth, W.J., Birks, T.A., All-fiber anamorphic core-shape transitions (2006) Optics Letters, 31 (18), pp. 2672-2674. , DOI 10.1364/OL.31.002672Walker, G.W., Sundar, V.C., Rudzinski, C.M., Wun, A.W., Bawendi, M.G., Nocera, D.G., Quantum-dot optical temperature probes (2003) Applied Physics Letters, 83 (17), pp. 3555-3557Bravo, J., Encapsulated quantum dot nanofilms inside hollow core optical fibers for temperature measurement (2008) IEEE Sensors Journal, 8 (7), pp. 1368-137

Visible To Near-infrared Continuum Generation In A Water-core Photonic Crystal Fiber

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are optical fibers whose core is surrounded by a regular matrix of holes that is responsible for light confinement and guidance. These waveguides have found numerous potential applications, many of which are based upon the high efficiency with which nonlinearity-driven spectral broadening (supercontinuum generation) is obtained in solid-core PCFs. Another asset of PCFs is that their structure can be filled with liquids or gases, which then efficiently interact with the guided light. The possibility of obtaining supercontinuum generation in a PCF whose core is filled with highly nonlinear liquids has been recently theoretically studied. The insertion of liquids in PCFs introduces a new degree of freedom with which the efficiency of nonlinear effects can be maximized. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of a supercontinuum spectrum in a PCF whose hollow core was selectively filled with distilled water and which is pumped near water's zero dispersion wavelength. A ∼500-nm-wide spectrum (measured at -20 dB) was obtained with 60 fs pulses of 1.5 MW peak power, which is ∼5 times as wide as the spectrum obtained in a classical (bulk) water continuum generation setup with a ∼40 times higher peak power. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.992520523Alfano, R.R., Shapiro, S.L., (1970) Physical Review Letters, 24, pp. 592-596Boni, L.D., (2004) Optics Express, 12, pp. 3921-3927Lin, C., Stolen, R.H., (1976) Applied Physics Letters, 28, pp. 216-218Ranka, J.K., et., al., (2000) Optics Express, 25, pp. 25-27Dudley, J.M., (2006) Reviews of Modern Physics, 78, pp. 1135-1184Fini, J.M., Measurement Science and Technology, 15, pp. 1120-1128. , 204Zangh, R., (2006) Optics Express, 14, pp. 6800-6812Xiao, L., (2005) Optics Express, 13, pp. 9014-9022Cordeiro, C.M.B., (2006) Optics Express, 14, pp. 8403-8412Gomes, A.S.L., (2007) Optics Express, 15, pp. 1712-1717Engen, A.G.V., (1998) Applied Optics, 37, pp. 5679-5686Mielenz, K.D., (1978) Applied Optes, 17, pp. 2875-2876Weber, M.J., (2002) Handbook of optical materials, pp. 383-384. , CRC PressAgrawal, G.P., (2001) Nonlinear fiber optics, , San Diego, Academic Pres

Novel Sealing Technique for Practical Liquid-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this letter, we describe a simple and effective technique to prevent evaporation in liquid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The technique consists of using a micropipette to deploy a micro-droplet of an ultraviolet curable polymer adhesive in both core inputs. After it is cured, the adhesive creates sealing polymer plugs with quite satisfactory insertion loss (overall optical transmission of about 15%). Processed fibers remained liquid-filled for at least six weeks. From a practical point of view, we conducted a supercontinuum generation experiment in a water-core PCF to demonstrate a 120-minute spectral width stability and the ability to withstand at least 3-mW average power at the sealed fiber input. Similar experiments carried out with nonsealed fibers produced supercontinuum spectra lasting no longer than 10 minutes, with average powers kept below 0.5 mW to avoid thermally induced evaporation.243191193Fundo Mackenzie de PesquisaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FINEPFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)NANOFOTONFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Theoretical And Experimental Study Of Supercontinuum Generation In A Water-core Pcf

Photonic crystal fibers have been the subject of several studies for potential applications in areas such as telecommunications, sensing, metrology, biology, medicine and spectroscopy. These fibers have a number of unique features owing to their geometric structure, which consists of a matrix of regular holes that travels along its longitudinal axis. This design allows the selective insertion of materials such as gas and liquids, which interact efficiently with the guided modes. The insertion of materials can also be explored to introduce a new degree of freedom to control the properties of waveguide, by modifying modal features such as nonlinear coefficient and dispersion. Such control may, in some cases, contribute to increase the efficiency of nonlinear effects, enabling the creation of a supercontinumm spectrum. In this work we compare results obtained both experimentally and numerically of supercontinuum generation in a distilled water-core photonic crystal fiber. The results indicate the importance of setting the pump close to the zero dispersion region of the material so that a broad spectrum can be obtained. Improved agreement between experiments and simulations requires a better degree of experimental detail to be incorporated into the theoretical model, which will be the objective of future studies and work. © American Institute of Physics.1055155158Alfano, R.R., (2006) The supercontinuum laser source: Fundamentals with updated references, , 2nd ed, Springer: New YorkZhang, R., Teipel, J., Giessen, H., Theoretical design of a liquid-core photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation (2006) Opt. Express, 14 (15), pp. 6800-6812. , JulGomes, A.S.L., Falcão-Filho, E.L., de Araújo, C.B., Thermally managed eclipse Z-scan (2007) Opt Express, 15 (4), pp. 1712-1717. , FebBozolan, A., de Matos, C.J.S., Cordeiro, C.M.B., dos Santos, E.M., Travers, J., Supercontinuum generation in a water-core photonic crystal fiber (2008) Opt Express, 16 (13), pp. 9671-9676. , JunWeber, M.J., (2003) Handbook of Optical Materials, pp. 383-384. , CRC Press: Boca Raton, ppMartins, E.R., Spadoti, D.H., Romero, M.A., Borges, B.H.V., Theoretical analyses of supercontinuum generation in a highly birefringent D-shaped microstructured optical fiber (2007) Opt. Express, 15 (22), pp. 14335-14347. , OctSanta, I., Foggi, P., Righini, R., Williams, J.H., Time-resolved optical Kerr effect measurements in aqueous ionic solutions (1994) J. Phys. Chem, 98, pp. 7692-770

Towards Practical Liquid And Gas Sensing With Photonic Crystal Fibres: Side Access To The Fibre Microstructure And Single-mode Liquid-core Fibre

Photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) have important applications in sensing the optical properties of fluids. To this end, the material should be inserted into the fibre holes in order to interact with the propagating field. When dealing with liquids, it is particularly interesting to exclusively insert the sample into the core of a hollow-core PCF, which then guides light through the liquid via total internal reflection. Nevertheless, there is still a series of issues to be addressed before fluid sensing with PCFs becomes practical. The work described here proposes and demonstrates possible solutions for two of these issues: (a) how to insert the sample through a lateral access to the fibre longitudinal holes so that the fibre tips are free for optical handling and accessing and (b) in the case of a liquid-core PCF, how to reduce the number of propagating modes. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.181030753081Russell, P., Photonic crystal fibres (2003) Science, 299 (5605), p. 358Knight, J.C., Photonic crystal fibres (2003) Nature, 424 (6950), p. 847Price, J.H.V., Furusawa, K., Monro, T.M., Lefort, L., Richardson, D.J., Tunable, femtosecond pulse source operating in the range 1.06-1.33 νm based on an Yb 3+-doped holey fibre amplifier (2002) J. Opt. Soc. Am., 19, p. 1286De Matos, C.J.S., Rulkov, A.B., Popov, S.V., Taylor, J.R., Broeng, J., Hansen, T.P., Gapontsev, V.P., All-fibre format compression of frequency chirped pulses in air-guiding photonic crystal fibres (2004) Phys. Rev. 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