Results of a long-term performance and follow-up of Endovenous Laser Ablatıon procedures performed for treating great saphenous vein incompetence

Objective: To assess the value of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for treating great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. Methods: We reviewed the overall results of EVLA procedures performed on 554 patients in our clinic between March 2011 and December 2015. Evaluations were made concerning the situations of the great saphenous vein (GSV), the energy used in the treatments, and the results obtained. We also investigated if there was a possibility to detect failure of EVLA treatment at an early stage. Results: From a total of 657 GSVs that were subjected to EVLA treatment, the procedure was found to be successful for 611 GSVs and unsuccessful for 46 GSVs (success rate: 93%). In 38 of the 46 GSVs, a thrombus formation was detected by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) at the postoperative first month (82.6%). Conclusion: EVLA is a reliable and successful method utilized for the treatment of GSV incompetence. It is concluded that the detection of a thrombus in the GSV tract during the first postoperative follow-up month is an indicator for revascularization. © 2018, Professional Medical Publications. All rights reserved

The effects of drip line depths and irrigation levels on yield, quality and water use characteristics of lettuce under greenhouse condition

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different drip irrigation methods and different irrigation levels on yield, quality and water use characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. Lital) cultivated in a solar greenhouse from 07 October 2009 to 03 December 2009 in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The irrigation methods were consisted of traditional surface drip irrigation (TDI), subsurface drip irrigation at 10 cm drip line depth (SDI10) and subsurface drip irrigation at 20 cm drip line depth (SDI20). At the treatment of irrigation levels, five irrigation treatments (I) were based on adjustment coefficients (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25) of Class A pan evaporation. For the yield and quality parameters of plant; marketable head weight (yield), number of marketable leaves, leaf area, plant height and diameters, plant dry weight, core diameters and firmness of head, leaf chlorophyll content, total soluble solids (TSS as °Brix), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity of leaves’ juice were determined. The yield and yield components were not affected by the irrigation methods except for core and plant diameters. Irrigation levels had significantly (p < 0.01) different effects on yield and yield components except for plant dry weight, plant height and head firmness. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from SDI10xI100 treatment. The water use efficiency (WUE) and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased as the irrigation was reduced.Key words: Subsurface drip irrigation, irrigation level, water use efficiency

Collisional Effects in Isovector Response Function of Nuclear Matter at Finite Temperature

The dipole response function of nuclear matter at zero and finite temperatures is investigated by employing the linearized version of the extended TDHF theory with a non-Markovian binary collision term. Calculations are carried out for nuclear dipole vibrations by employing the Steinwedel-Jensen model and compared with experimental results for $^{120}Sn$ and $^{208}Pb$.Comment: 14 pages, RevTex, 3 PS figure

Mathematical modeling of cardiac function to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children

Time-varying elastance models can simulate only the pressure and volume signals in the heart chambers while the diagnosis of clinical cases and evaluation of different treatment techniques require more information. In this study, an extended model utilizing the geometric dimensions of the heart chambers was developed to describe the cardiac function. The new cardiac model was evaluated by simulating a healthy and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) condition for adults and children. The left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-diastolic diameter and diastolic sphericity index were 53.60%, 125 mL, 5.08 cm and 1.82 in the healthy adult cardiovascular system model and 23.70%, 173 mL, 6.60 cm and 1.40 in the DCM adult cardiovascular system model. In the healthy child cardiovascular system model, the left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-diastolic diameter and diastolic sphericity index were 59.70%, 92 mL, 4.10 cm and 2.26 respectively and 30.70%, 125 mL, 4.94 cm and 1.87 in the DCM child cardiovascular system model. The developed cardiovascular system model simulates the hemodynamic variables and clinical diagnostic indicators within the physiological range for healthy and DCM conditions proving the feasibility of this new model to evaluate clinical cases in adults and children

Complications in children with ventricular assist devices: systematic review and meta-analyses

Heart failure is a significant cause of mortality in children with cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of heart failure depends on patients’ symptoms, age, and severity of their condition, with heart transplantation required when other treatments are unsuccessful. However, due to lack of fitting donor organs, many patients are left untreated, or their transplant is delayed. In these patients, ventricular assist devices (VADs) are used to bridge to heart transplant. However, VAD support presents various complications in patients. The aim of this study was to compile, review, and analyse the studies reporting risk factors and aetiologies of complications of VAD support in children. Random effect risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to analyse relative risk of thrombosis (RR = 3.53 [1.04, 12.06] I2 = 0% P = 0.04), neurological problems (RR = 0.95 [0.29, 3.15] I2 = 53% P = 0.93), infection (RR = 0.31 [0.05, 2.03] I2 = 86% P = 0.22), bleeding (RR = 2.57 [0.76, 8.66] I2 = 0% P = 0.13), and mortality (RR = 2.20 [1.36, 3.55] I2 = 0% P = 0.001) under pulsatile-flow and continuous-flow VAD support, relative risk of mortality (RR = 0.45 [0.15, 1.37] I2 = 36% P = 0.16) under left VAD and biVAD support, relative risk of thrombosis (RR = 1.72 [0.46, 6.44] I2 = 0% P = 0.42), infection (RR = 1.77 [0.10, 32.24] I2 = 46% P = 0.70) and mortality (RR = 0.92 [0.14, 6.28] I2 = 45% P = 0.93) in children with body surface area  1.2 m2 under VAD support, relative risk of mortality in children supported with VAD and diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases (RR = 1.31 [0.10, 16.61] I2 = 73% P = 0.84), and cardiomyopathy and myocarditis (RR = 0.91 [0.13, 6.24] I2 = 58% P = 0.92). Meta-analyses results show that further research is necessary to reduce complications under VAD support

Enhanced germination and electrotactic behaviour of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores in weak electric fields

Soil-dwelling microorganisms use a variety of chemical and physical signals to navigate their environment. Plant roots produce endogenous electric fields which result in characteristic current profiles. Such electrical signatures are hypothesised to be used by pathogens and symbionts to track and colonise plant roots.
The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora generates motile zoospores which swim towards the positive pole when exposed to an external electric field in vitro.
Here, we provide a quantitative characterization of their electrotactic behaviour in 3D. We found that a weak electric field (0.7 - 1.0 V/cm) is sufficient to induce an accumulation of zoospore at the positive pole, without affecting their encystment rate. We also show that the same external electric field increases the zoospore germination rate and orients the germ tube's growth. We conclude that several early stages of the P. palmivora infection cycle are affected by external electric fields.
Taken together, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that pathogens use plant endogenous electric fields for host targeting.&#xD

Ultrasonic Phased Array Device for Acoustic Imaging in Air

An ultrasonic phased array device is developed to provide mobility aid for visually impaired people. To perform acoustic imaging, two different linear transducer arrays are constructed using commercially available transducers. The transmitter and receiver arrays are formed with six and four transducer elements, respectively. Individual transducer elements are discrete components with a radius of 1.9 wavelengths and a half-power beamwidth of 43deg at 40.8 kHz center frequency. The transmitter array is formed by aligning the transducers with minimum spacing between the elements. Even this placement leads to the occurrence of unwanted grating lobes in the array response and decreases the field-of-view to 30deg . To eliminate these grating lobes, the elements of the receiver array are placed with a different spacing. Forming the receiver and transmitter arrays with nonidentical element spacing makes the grating lobes to appear at different places. Since the response of the overall system is the product of the directivity patterns of receiver and transmitter arrays, the grating lobes diminish for the overall system and the field-of-view increases. © 2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other work

Three Lenses on Lurking: Making Sense of Digital Silence

In this chapter, the authors provide a critical exploration of the concept of lurking in online learning spaces through a phenomenological inquiry. The authors begin from a position that lurking is often misunderstood – or perhaps not understood – in education, and that the term itself is quite problematic, as it is typically applied to a disparate range of behaviors by those who perceive them as problematic. The authors then propose three heuristic lenses to make sense of lurking behaviors: lurking as troublesome, lurking as ordinary, and lurking as political. These lenses demonstrate that lurking behaviors not only stem from a range of different motivations but are also situated in a variety of contexts, that is, lurking is personal and contextual. The authors’ aim is not to define or redefine lurking for readers but to provide a critical analysis of what digital silence might mean for their students based on their contextual experience and in the light of critical literature. The authors invite readers to be part of the reflexive analysis by considering what lurking might mean in their own teaching contexts