Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of some lichen species grown in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey

All the methanol extracts did not show mutagenic activity in Ames/Salmonella and Z. mays MI test systems. Furthermore, some extracts showed significant antimutagenic activity against 9-AA in Ames test system. Inhibition rates for 9-AA mutagenicity ranged from 25.51 % (P. furfuracea – 0.05 μg/plate) to 66.14 % (C. islandica – 0.05 μg/plate). In addition, all of the extracts showed significant antimutagenic activity against sodium azide (NaN₃) mutagenicity on MI values of Z. mays.Целью работы было изучить мутагенный и антимутагенный потенциал метанольных экстрактов Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. (Parmeliaceae), Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) и Xanthoparmelia somloënsis (Gyeln.) Hale (Parmeliaceae) – лишайников из восточной части Турции. Ни один из экстрактов не показал мутагенной активности в тестах Эймса и Z. mays MI. Более того, некоторые экстракты проявляли заметную антимутагенную активность против 9-амино-акридина в тесте Эймса. Уровень ингибирования варьировал от 25,51 % (P. furfuracea) до 66,14 % (C. islandica). Кроме того, все экстракты проявляли значительную антимутагенную активность против азида натрия в Z. mays MI тесте. Все экстракты могут считаться генотоксично безопасными в исследованных концентрациях

Character Design in Al-Inju School of Persian Miniature Painting in the Eighth Century (Study Samples: Shāhnāmeh 733 AH and Samak-e Ayyār Illustrated Manuscripts

Problem Definition: Among the schools of miniature paintings, those paintings left from the Shiraz school of the eighth century AH are significant and unique due to the preservation of the artistic traditions of ancient Iran and their expressive approach. Considering that the composition of the paintings based on the arrangement of the figures was one of the main features of the Shiraz school of miniature painting in the Al-Inju period, this study aimed to study and compare the method of characterization in the paintings of two illustrated manuscripts left from the Shiraz school, namely Samak-e Ayyār with 80 images and the Shāhnāmeh 733 AH with 52 images. In addition, it provides explanations about the characterization and design of the figures in Al-Inju miniature paintings and addresses the similarities and differences between the images of these two illustrated manuscripts.Objective: The present study aimed to identify and investigate the characterization of the Shiraz school of miniature painting through the visual analysis of the two illustrated manuscripts of Shāhnāmeh 733 (St. Petersburg) and Samak-e Ayyār (Oxford).Research Method: This research is qualitative in terms of the nature of data and is fundamental considering the purpose. Data collection is a library-based approach, and various instruments such as observation and checklist have been used in compiling the data and writing the research results.Results: The characters in the studied paintings can be divided into six groups based on their social status: kings, court women, non-court women, female Ayyār, servants, and warriors. The results of this study indicate that each of these six groups differs in following the visual conventions in terms of the type of costume and their physical placement mode in the paintings; the style and position of the characters in the two versions of paintings show their personality traits and social status in each story. In this way, the appearance and design of human characters are the same in both manuscripts, but the way the painter deals with the characters in each version is different. The painter of the Samak-e Ayyār illustrated manuscript has provided more painting space for high-ranking characters, including kings. He portrayed kings, both good and evil, sitting on thrones while the painter of Shāhnāmeh 733 AH manuscript has considered the throne as a place to show royal oppression; the kings were not depicted seated on the throne in Shāhnāmeh manuscript unless they were on the side of evil

HIV infection and hepatitis B seroprevalence among antenatal clinic attendees in Niger, West Africa

This transversal study was suggested in order to estimate the nationwide seroprevalences of HIV infection and hepatitis B among 495 pregnant women in Niger in 2008. The study detected anti-HIV antibodies with Genscreen® Plus HIV Ag/Ab Ultra Kit (Bio-Rad; Hercules, CA), Vironostika® HIV Uni-Form II Ag/Ab (bioMérieux; Marcy-l’Etoile, France), and ImmunoComb® II HIV 1 and 2 BiSpot (Orgenics; Yavne, Israel). HBsAg was detected by Monolisa® HBsAg Ultra (Bio-Rad) and ImmunoComb® II HBsAg (Orgenics). The rates obtained were 2.02% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.03%–3.81%) and 16.16% (95% CI: 13.09%–19.77%), respectively. There were no significant variations according to environment, region, age, marital status, educational level, antecedent of surgery and transfusion. But these data need a large sample, and periodic updates for a better planning of activities in the framework of a national reproductive health program, including prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission

Determination of the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Melissa officinalis and TheirEffects on Germination of Amaranthus retroflexus

Son yıllarda doğal bitki bileşenlerinin birçok alanda kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Kolay bir şekilde metabolize edilmeleri birçok alanda sentetik kimyasallar yerine kullanımlarının önünü açmıştır. Bu çalışmada; birçok alanda kullanılan, sekonder metabolitlere sahip Lamiaceae bitki familyasına ait olan Melissa ajficinalis türünden uçucu yağlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen uçucu yağların içerik analizleri GC--MS (Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry) yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağlar daha sonra farklı dozlarda Amaranthus retroflexus bitkisinin çimlenen tohumlarına uygulanmış ve tohumlar üzerine muhtemel genotoksik ve fizyolojik etkileri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre türün majör bileşen olarak %11.26 oranında E--Citral, %9.74 (--)-- Caryophyllene Oxide, %9.07 Z--Citral ve %3.64 oramnda Prohydrojasmon--2 içerdiği belirlenmiştir. 0.2 ve 0.4 ul/mL dozları dışında, uçucu yağların artan doza bağlı olarak çimlenen Amaranthus retraflexus tohumlarının kök uzunluklarını ve genomik stabilitelerini düşürdüğü gözlenmiştir.It is known that the natural occurred plant compounds are used in many fields in recent years. Because of their easily metabolization, the use of these chemicals paved the way for their use instead of synthetic chemicals in many areas. In the current study, essential oils of Melissa officinalis species of Lamiaceae family were obtained. The obtained essential oil content was analysis by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method. The oils applied to the seedlings of Amaranthus retroflexus plants in different doses. Then the genotoxic potential and physiological effects of oils have been identified. According to the data obtained from GS-MS, E-Citral (11.26%), (-) - caryophyllene oxide (9.74%), Z-Citral (9.07%) and Prohydrojasmon-2 (3.64%) was determined as major components. It is also determined that, the essential oils have reduced both root length and genomic template stability of the Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings except 0.2 ve 0.4 µl/mL doses

Measuring of the Genotoxic and Potential Antioxidant Effects of Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja Hortensis Against to Phaseolus Vulgaris

WOS: 000396245100003It is known that, there are many ways for increasing the yield at the crops specially cereal products. Genetic manipulations and physiological interventions are the primary studies that aim to obtain products at high quality and amounts. It is known that, the usage of synthetic chemicals for physiological inverventions negatively affects organism. But using natural plant products instead of these chemicals is a subject that draws attention of today scientific environment. In this study, this situation was taken into consideration and the essential oil obtained from Satureja hortensis (SEO) plant were applied to bean seeds. The genotoxic and physiological effects of SEO at four different dosages were detected against to Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings. According to obtained data, essential oil that were applied at different doses decreased the genomic stability of the bean seeds up to 30.77% in accordance with the increased dosage. The essential oil applied in the same way lead to stress on enzyme activities of seedlings. Among the antioxidant enzymes, while, significant changeswere observed at Superoxide dismutase and Peroxidase enzymes according to the control, no significant change was seen at Ascorbate peroxidase level

Measuring of the Genotoxic and Potential Antioxidant Effects of Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja Hortensis Against to Phaseolus Vulgaris

ABSTRACT It is known that, there are many ways for increasing the yield at the crops specially cereal products. Genetic manipulations and physiological interventions are the primary studies that aim to obtain products at high quality and amounts. It is known that, the usage of synthetic chemicals for physiological inverventions negatively affects organism. But using natural plant products instead of these chemicals is a subject that draws attention of today scientific environment. In this study, this situation was taken into consideration and the essential oil obtained from Satureja hortensis (SEO) plant were applied to bean seeds. The genotoxic and physiological effects of SEO at four different dosages were detected against to Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings. According to obtained data, essential oil that were applied at different doses decreased the genomic stability of the bean seeds up to 30.77% in accordance with the increased dosage. The essential oil applied in the same way lead to stress on enzyme activities of seedlings. Among the antioxidant enzymes, while, significant changeswere observed at Superoxide dismutase and Peroxidase enzymes according to the control, no significant change was seen at Ascorbate peroxidase level

A Study on the Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity, and Rapd Analysis of 3-phenyl-1,5-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole

BOZARI, Sedat/0000-0001-5265-2236WOS:0005981130000043-phenyl-1,5-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole was synthesized and its structure was characterized by IR, NMR, and Elemental Analysis. The antimicrobial effects of pyrazole were investigated against seven bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus 6538, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32 as gram-positive bacteria and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, Klebsiella pneumoniae RSKK 574 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and three fungi organisms (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Yarrovia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Furthermore, the genomic stability values of designed pyrazole were observed in Hordeum vulgare and Amaranthus retroflexus L. from seeds based on random amplified-polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns compared to the five primers.University of Mus Alparslan [MSU15-EMF-G05]We would like to thank the University of Mus Alparslan (grant No: MSU15-EMF-G05) for financial support

Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to detect genotoxic effect of trifluralin on maize (Zea mays)

PubMed ID: 22413768Trifluralin is a widely used dinitroaniline herbicide throughout the world. However, limited efforts have been made to study its genotoxic effects on different plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the herbicide's genotoxic potential on maize (Zea mays) by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. For this purpose, maize seedlings were treated with aqueous solutions of trifluralin at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3 ppm for 7 days. In the RAPD analyses, 15 primers were used and 91 bands were obtained, with an average of 6.06 bands per primer in the control seedlings. After trifluralin treatment, significant changes were observed in RAPD profiles. These changes included loss of normal bands and appearance of new bands, in comparison to the control group, and they were dose dependent. In addition, root growth and total soluble protein level in trifluralin-treated seedlings were analyzed and compared for genomic template stability (GTS), which was performed for the qualitative measurement of changes in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. The results showed that GTS, root growth, and total soluble protein content of the seedlings gradually decreased with an increase in trifluralin concentration. These findings suggest that the RAPD technique is a useful biomarker assay to evaluate the genotoxic effects of herbicides on plants. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc

Genotoxic Effects of the Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja hortensis Against to Hordeum Vulgare L. Seedlings

WOS: 000441461100002Plants use in many fields has increased significantly with the increasing of biotechnological methods from past to present. Their secondary metabolites are commonly used in many fields from medicine to agriculture. Because of their easy degradation, they will be used as an alternative to the synthetic chemicals. Deciding their proper non-phytotoxic doses for cereals will secure their safe usage. The present study aimed to determine the potential biopesticide activity of plants natural components in weeds. Thus, the essential oils obtained from Satureja hortensis species of Lamiaceae family were subjected to analysis of volatiles and applied to Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings. Potential genotoxic effects of these components on the seedlings were determined by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) PCR. The oils were applied in four different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mu L mL(-)(1)). Results indicated that the third (0.4 mu L mL(-)(1)) dose has changed the genomic stability about 46.16 % and remaining doses changed the genomic stability over the 50 %. The effects of the essential oils on root and stem length of barley seedlings were varied. The oils have increased the root length and inhibited stem length in all doses compared to the control. It was concluded that plant essential oil components showed similar effects of synthetic chemicals in the literature. With the exception of the 0.4 mu L mL(-)(1), which may be phytotoxic in Hordeum vulgare L. seeds, all doses tested in the study have the potential to be used as bio pesticides against weeds